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Abstract
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Mucus hydrogels at biointerfaces are crucial for protecting
against
foreign pathogens and for the biological functions of the underlying
cells. Since mucus can bind to and host both viruses and bacteria,
establishing a synthetic model system that can emulate the properties
and functions of native mucus and can be synthesized at large scale
would revolutionize the mucus-related research that is essential for
understanding the pathways of many infectious diseases. The synthesis
of such biofunctional hydrogels in the laboratory is highly challenging,
owing to their complex chemical compositions and the specific chemical
interactions that occur throughout the gel network. In this perspective,
we discuss the basic chemical structures and diverse physicochemical
interactions responsible for the unique properties and functions of
mucus hydrogels. We scrutinize the different approaches for preparing
mucus-inspired hydrogels, with specific examples. We also discuss
recent research and what it reveals about the challenges that must
be addressed and the opportunities to be considered to achieve desirable de novo synthetic mucus hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Nadal C, Coutelier O, Cavalie S, Flaud V, Soulié J, Marty JD, Destarac M, Tourrette A. Polymer/silica core–shell nanoparticles with temperature-dependent stability properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Xu J, Abetz V. Double thermoresponsive graft copolymers with different chain ends: feasible precursors for covalently crosslinked hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2082-2091. [PMID: 35199817 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01692j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tailored synthesis of graft copolymers from acrylic and methacrylic monomers can be accomplished solely through photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Samples with poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA) backbones synthesized under green light irradiation and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) side chains growing under blue light irradiation are presented. As monitored by temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and temperature-variable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the architecture of the graft copolymers allows unique two-step lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transitions in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, different end-groups introduced by the corresponding RAFT agents affect the detailed thermoresponsive behavior remarkably. This RAFT strategy shows more advantages when the multiple trithiocarbonate groups are converted into thiol reactive pyridyl disulfide (PDS) groups via a facile post-polymerization modification. The PDS-terminated graft copolymer can then be regarded as a usable precursor for various applications, such as thermoresponsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcong Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Chernikova EV, Kudryavtsev YV. RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030570. [PMID: 35160559 PMCID: PMC8838018 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
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5
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Jiang Y, Fan W, Tosaka M, Cunningham MF, Yamago S. Fabrication of Structurally Controlled Poly( n-butyl acrylate) Particles by Ab Initio Emulsion Organotellurium-Mediated Radical Polymerization. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Homo and Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Weijia Fan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tosaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Plucinski A, Pavlovic M, Clarke M, Bhella D, Schmidt BVKJ. Stimuli-Responsive Aggregation of High Molar Mass Poly(N,N-Diethylacrylamide)-b-Poly(4-Acryloylmorpholine) in Tetrahydrofuran. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100656. [PMID: 34783099 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of block copolymers constitutes a timely research area in polymer science with implications for applications like sensing or drug-delivery. Here, the unprecedented aggregation behavior of high molar mass block copolymer poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)-b-poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) (PDEA-b-PAM) (Mn >400 kg mol-1 ) in organic solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) is investigated. To elucidate the aggregation, dynamic light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and turbidimetry are employed. The aggregate formation is assigned to the unprecedented upper critical solution temperature behavior of PAM in THF at elevated concentrations (> 6 wt.%) and high molar masses. Various future directions for this new thermo-responsive block copolymer are envisioned, for example, in the areas of photonics or templating of inorganic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Pavlovic
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, III-8, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular Imaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Bhella
- Scottish Centre for Macromolecular Imaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Sim XM, Chen C, Goto A. Polymer Coupling via Hetero-Disulfide Exchange and Its Applications to Rewritable Polymer Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24183-24193. [PMID: 33982564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An iodide-terminated polymer (Polymer-I) is converted to a thiol-terminated polymer (Polymer-SH) using HSCH2CH2SH in a remarkably short time (10 min). Polymer-SH is further converted to a pyridyl disulfide-terminated polymer (Polymer-SS-Py). The hetero-coupling of Polymer-SH and Polymer-SS-Py is successfully achieved to quantitatively generate a polymer disulfide (Polymer-SS-Polymer). Exploiting this efficient hetero-coupling technique, Polymer-SH is attached (grafted) on a Py-SS-immobilized surface to generate a polymer brush via a disulfide (-SS-) linkage (writing process). The -SS- linkage is cleaved by the treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) to detach the polymer from the surface (erasing process). Subsequently, another Polymer-SH is attached on the surface to generate another polymer brush (rewriting process). Thus, a writable, erasable, and rewritable polymer brush surface is achieved. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and super-hydrophobic polymers (Polymer-SH) are attached on the surface, tailoring the surface wettability in the writing-erasing-rewriting cycles. Polymer-SH is also attached on a chain-end Py-SS-functionalized polymer brush surface, generating a rewritable block copolymer brush surface. A patterned block copolymer brush surface is also obtained using photo-irradiation and a photo-mask in the erasing process. The metal-free synthetic procedure, accessibility to patterned brushes, and switchable surface properties via the writing-erasing-rewriting process are attractive features of the present approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ming Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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Li R, An Z. Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen-Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22258-22264. [PMID: 32844514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving well-defined polymers with ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) is an enduring pursuit in the field of reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Synthetic protocols have been successfully developed to achieve UHMWs with low dispersities exclusively from conjugated monomers while no polymerization of unconjugated monomers has provided the same level of control. Herein, an oxygen-tolerant photoenzymatic RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization was exploited to tackle this challenge for unconjugated monomers at 10 °C, enabling facile synthesis of well-defined, linear and star polymers with near-quantitative conversions, unprecedented UHMWs and low dispersities. The exquisite level of control over composition, MW and architecture, coupled with operational ease, mild conditions and environmental friendliness, broadens the monomer scope to include unconjugated monomers, and to achieve previously inaccessible low-dispersity UHMWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Li R, An Z. Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen‐Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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An Z. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:350-357. [PMID: 35648556 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies for achieving ultrahigh molecular weights via reversible deactivation radical polymerization are discussed from the mechanistic, kinetic, and experimental aspects, and their applications as high-performance materials are highlighted. Further development of this field requires continuous effort to improve livingness and polymerization efficiency under greener conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Liu D, Edraki M, Fawell P, Berry L. Improved water recovery: A review of clay-rich tailings and saline water interactions. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dao VH, Mohanarangam K, Fawell PD, Simic K, Iyer R, Cameron NR, Saito K. Enhanced Flocculation Efficiency in a High-Ionic-Strength Environment by the Aid of Anionic ABA Triblock Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1538-1551. [PMID: 31968943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation efficiency of polyelectrolytes in a high-ionic-strength environment is often affected and reduced due to shielding of the active ionizable functional groups, as well as changes in the surface chemistry of the solid slurry. To address this problem, a series of well-defined novel ABA triblock copolymers were employed for the flocculation of high-ionic-strength kaolin slurries at three different Ca2+ concentrations (0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 M). The primary focus was on the advancement in the polymer architecture, where the anionic functionalities were localized at the terminal ends. Typical commercial flocculants tend to have anionic functionalities randomly distributed throughout the polymer chain and hence a higher propensity toward condensed conformation and formation of insoluble species. In comparison to a control random copolymer, the ABA triblock copolymers were able to flocculate kaolin slurries to give faster settlement rates, particularly at the high Ca2+ concentrations of 0.10 and 0.50 M. In addition, these polymers had significantly better clarification ability at higher Ca2+ concentrations compared to the control random copolymer. The ABA triblock copolymer architecture may therefore have potential as a flocculant in high-ionic-strength applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu H Dao
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | | | | | - Kosta Simic
- CSIRO Mineral Resources , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - Rikhil Iyer
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
- School of Engineering , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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Xian C, Yuan Q, Bao Z, Liu G, Wu J. Progress on intelligent hydrogels based on RAFT polymerization: Design strategy, fabrication and the applications for controlled drug delivery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dao VH, Cameron NR, Saito K. Synthesis of UHMW Star-Shaped AB Block Copolymers and Their Flocculation Efficiency in High-Ionic-Strength Environments. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E318. [PMID: 30966354 PMCID: PMC6415088 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is considered to be one of most famous reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. Benefiting from its living or controlled polymerization process, complex polymeric architectures with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, as well as various functionality have been constructed, which could be applied in wide fields, including materials, biology, and electrology. Under the continuous research improvement, main achievements have focused on the development of new RAFT techniques, containing fancy initiation methods (e.g., photo, metal, enzyme, redox and acid), sulfur-free RAFT system and their applications in many fields. This review summarizes the current advances in major bright spot of novel RAFT techniques as well as their potential applications in the optoelectronic field, especially in the past a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Barthet C, Wilson J, Cadix A, Destarac M, Chassenieux C, Harrisson S. Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the kinetics and control of RAFT/MADIX polymerization of acrylamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barthet
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9; France
- Le Mans Université, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9; France
| | - James Wilson
- Solvay Novecare, Research and Innovation Centre - Paris; Aubervilliers 93306 France
| | - Arnaud Cadix
- Solvay Novecare, Research and Innovation Centre - Paris; Aubervilliers 93306 France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9; France
| | - Christophe Chassenieux
- Le Mans Université, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9; France
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9; France
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