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Shang Y, Wang C, Yan C, Jing F, Roostaeinia M, Wang Y, Chen G, Lv C. An efficient and multifunctional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by tungsten oxide and graphitic carbon nitride: Design and mechanism study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:195-208. [PMID: 36535158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design of multifunctional photocatalyst with strong redox performance is the key to achieve sustainable utilization of solar energy. In this study, an elegant S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed between metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and noble-metal-free tungsten oxide (W18O49). As-established S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst enabled multifunctional photocatalysis behavior, including hydrogen production, degradation (Rhodamine B) and bactericidal (Escherichia coli) properties, which represented extraordinary sustainability. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations manifested that the integration of double-layer hollow g-C3N4 nanotubes with W18O49 nanowires could expand the light harvesting ability. Demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, the S-scheme heterojunction not only promoted the separation of carriers, but also improved the redox ability of the catalyst. This work provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the photocatalytic performances and broadening the application field of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chunliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chunshuang Yan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Fengyang Jing
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Morteza Roostaeinia
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chade Lv
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Direct Z-scheme heterojunction rutile-TiO2/g-C3N4 catalyst constructed by solid grinding method for photocatalysis degradation. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dong J, Zhang Y, Hussain MI, Zhou W, Chen Y, Wang LN. g-C 3N 4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:121. [PMID: 35010072 PMCID: PMC8746910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C3N4, its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C3N4: hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C3N4 (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method's changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C3N4 in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C3N4 as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
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Hu Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Huo H, Jiang Y, Xu X, Lin K. Ion-Exchange Fabrication of Hierarchical Al-MOF-Based Resin Catalysts for the Tandem Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36159-36167. [PMID: 32677816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)-supported macroscale resin catalysts, IRA900(xOH)-MIL-101(Al)-NH2 (x means the concentration of NaOH), with spatially isolated antagonistic acid-base active sites were successfully synthesized through a novel strategy by ion exchange and in situ solvothermal methods. The hierarchical pore system of the as-prepared catalysts effectively promotes the mass transfer and contacts with catalytic active centers during the organic reactions. Therefore, the environmentally friendly catalysts exhibit excellent superior activity and stability in one-pot deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction, and the yield by optimal IRA900(0.2OH)-MIL-101(Al)-NH2 reaches close to 99% after 5 h at 110 °C. Thanks to the millimeter-sized resin carrier and robust sphere morphology, the recycling of the as-prepared catalysts only requires natural sedimentation. This work presents an effective strategy to build low-toxic acid-base catalysts by combining the advantages of ion-exchange resins and functionalized MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hang Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanqiu Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianzhu Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Lv H, Huang Y, Koodali RT, Liu G, Zeng Y, Meng Q, Yuan M. Synthesis of Sulfur-Doped 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12656-12667. [PMID: 32083456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-doped two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (2D-SCN) with efficient photocatalytic activity were synthesized via (1) polycondensation of thiourea to form bulk sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SCN) and (2) followed by thermal oxidative treatment of the prepared SCN via an etching strategy to form 2D-SCN. Sulfur was doped in situ into SCN by using thiourea as the precursor, and the 2D nanosheet structure was obtained during the thermal oxidative etching process. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the 2D-SCN sample were investigated in detail. Herein, it is shown that the thermal oxidative etching treatment and sulfur doping induced a 2D nanosheet structure (2D-SCN-3h) with a thickness of about 4.0 nm and exposure of more sulfur elements on the surface. The surface area increased from 16.6 m2/g for SCN to 226.9 m2/g. Compared to bulk SCN, a blue shift of the absorption peaks was observed for the obtained 2D-SCN-3h photocatalyst, and the absorption intensity was higher than that of the sulfur-free counterpart (2D-CN). The successful in situ doping of S element into SCN or 2D-SCN-3h samples is beneficial to the introduction of surface N defects and O species. 2D-SCN-3h indicated higher efficiency in photogenerated charge carrier separation and showed the highest reductive activity in photocatalytic splitting of water at a rate of 127.4 μmol/h under simulated solar light irradiation, which was 250 times and 3 times higher than that of SCN and 2D-CN photocatalysts, respectively. The apparent quantum efficiency was estimated to be 8.35% at 420 nm irradiation. The S-C-N bond formed by sulfur doping was beneficial to the charge-transfer process, and this led to higher photocatalytic activity according to partial density of state analysis computed by first-principles methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Lv
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ranjit T Koodali
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion 57069, South Dakota, United States
| | - Guimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Accoutrement Technique in Fluid Machinery and Power Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yubin Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Accoutrement Technique in Fluid Machinery and Power Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Purification and Functional Materials, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
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Hong Y, Wang L, Liu E, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Lin X, Duan X, Shi J. A curly architectured graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) towards efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique curly-like architecture g-C3N4 with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolved activity was reported by a facile precursor-reforming strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Enli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
- School of Agriculture and Food Engineering
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xixin Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihua University
- Jilin 132013
- People's Republic of China
- School of Agriculture and Food Engineering
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Zhu A, Qiao L, Tan P, Pan J. Interfaces of graphitic carbon nitride-based composite photocatalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review concentrates on the interface issues of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, including methods for constructing interfaces, techniques for identifying interfaces, and the types and roles of the as-developed interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Lulu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
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Luo J, Chen J, Guo R, Qiu Y, Li W, Zhou X, Ning X, Zhan L. Rational construction of direct Z-scheme LaMnO3/g-C3N4 hybrid for improved visible-light photocatalytic tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Li W, Jiang D, Men K, Li Z, Li L, Sun S, Li J, Huang ZH, Wang LN. Facile synthesis of bimodal macroporous g-C 3N 4/SnO 2 nanohybrids with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:44-53. [PMID: 36659522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is of vital importance to construct highly interconnected, macroporous photocatalyst to improve its efficiency and applicability in solar energy conversion and environment remediation. Graphitic-like C3N4 (g-C3N4), as an analogy to two-dimensional (2D) graphene, is highly identified as a visible-light-responsive polymeric semiconductor. Moreover, the feasibility of g-C3N4 in making porous structures has been well established. However, the preparation of macroporous g-C3N4 with abundant porous networks and exposure surface, still constitutes a difficulty. To solve it, we report a first facile preparation of bimodal macroporous g-C3N4 hybrids with abundant in-plane holes, which is simply enabled by in-situ modification through thermally treating the mixture of thiourea and SnCl4 (pore modifier) after rotary evaporation. For one hand, the formed in-plane macropores endow the g-C3N4 system with plentiful active sites and short, cross-plane diffusion channels that can greatly speed up mass transport and transfer. For another, the heterojunctions founded between g-C3N4 and SnO2 consolidate the electron transfer reaction to greatly reduce the recombination probability. As a consequence, the resulted macroporous g-C3N4/SnO2 nanohybrid had a high specific surface area (SSA) of 44.3 m2/g that was quite comparable to most nano/mesoporous g-C3N4 reported. The interconnected porous network also rendered a highly intensified light absorption by strengthening the light penetration. Together with the improved mass transport and electron transfer, the macroporous g-C3N4/SnO2 hybrid exhibited about 2.4-fold increment in the photoactivity compared with pure g-C3N4. Additionally, the recyclability of such hybrid could be guaranteed after eight successive uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongjian Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kuo Men
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shizheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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