1
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Liu Y, Zhai Y, Hu H, Liao Y, Liu H, Liu X, He J, Wang L, Wang H, Li L, Zhou X, Xiao X. Erasable and Field Programmable DNA Circuits Based on Configurable Logic Blocks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400011. [PMID: 38698560 PMCID: PMC11234411 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA is commonly employed as a substrate for the building of artificial logic networks due to its excellent biocompatibility and programmability. Till now, DNA logic circuits are rapidly evolving to accomplish advanced operations. Nonetheless, nowadays, most DNA circuits remain to be disposable and lack of field programmability and thereby limits their practicability. Herein, inspired by the Configurable Logic Block (CLB), the CLB-based erasable field-programmable DNA circuit that uses clip strands as its operation-controlling signals is presented. It enables users to realize diverse functions with limited hardware. CLB-based basic logic gates (OR and AND) are first constructed and demonstrated their erasability and field programmability. Furthermore, by adding the appropriate operation-controlling strands, multiple rounds of programming are achieved among five different logic operations on a two-layer circuit. Subsequently, a circuit is successfully built to implement two fundamental binary calculators: half-adder and half-subtractor, proving that the design can imitate silicon-based binary circuits. Finally, a comprehensive CLB-based circuit is built that enables multiple rounds of switch among seven different logic operations including half-adding and half-subtracting. Overall, the CLB-based erasable field-programmable circuit immensely enhances their practicability. It is believed that design can be widely used in DNA logic networks due to its efficiency and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yuxuan Zhai
- School of Life Science and TechnologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jiachen He
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Limei Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China
| | - Longjie Li
- School of Life Science and TechnologyWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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2
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Liao Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu X, Li L, Xiao X. Controllable and reusable seesaw circuit based on nicking endonucleases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38561751 PMCID: PMC10983715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seesaw circuits are essential for molecular computing and biosensing. However, a notable limitation of seesaw circuits lies in the irreversible depletion of components, precluding the attainment of system recovery and rendering nucleic acid circuits non-reusable. We developed a brand-new method for creating controllable and reusable seesaw circuits. By using the nicking endonucleases Nt.BbvCI and Nt.Alwi, we removed "functional components" while keeping the "skeletal components" for recurrent usage. T-inputs were introduced, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of AND logic from 2.68 to 11.33 and demonstrating compatibility. We identified the logic switching feature and verified that it does not impair circuit performance. We also built intricate logic circuits, such as OR-AND gate, to demonstrate the versatility of our methodology. This controllable reusability extends the applications of nanotechnology and bioengineering, enhancing the practicality and efficiency of these circuits across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Liao
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhou Liu
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Longjie Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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3
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Yang S, Bögels BWA, Wang F, Xu C, Dou H, Mann S, Fan C, de Greef TFA. DNA as a universal chemical substrate for computing and data storage. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:179-194. [PMID: 38337008 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA computing and DNA data storage are emerging fields that are unlocking new possibilities in information technology and diagnostics. These approaches use DNA molecules as a computing substrate or a storage medium, offering nanoscale compactness and operation in unconventional media (including aqueous solutions, water-in-oil microemulsions and self-assembled membranized compartments) for applications beyond traditional silicon-based computing systems. To build a functional DNA computer that can process and store molecular information necessitates the continued development of strategies for computing and data storage, as well as bridging the gap between these fields. In this Review, we explore how DNA can be leveraged in the context of DNA computing with a focus on neural networks and compartmentalized DNA circuits. We also discuss emerging approaches to the storage of data in DNA and associated topics such as the writing, reading, retrieval and post-synthesis editing of DNA-encoded data. Finally, we provide insights into how DNA computing can be integrated with DNA data storage and explore the use of DNA for near-memory computing for future information technology and health analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bas W A Bögels
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tom F A de Greef
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Center for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Nakakuki T, Toyonari M, Aso K, Murayama K, Asanuma H, de Greef TFA. DNA Reaction System That Acquires Classical Conditioning. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:521-529. [PMID: 38279958 PMCID: PMC10877613 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical reaction networks can exhibit plastic adaptation to alter their functions in response to environmental changes. This capability is derived from the structure and dynamics of the reaction networks and the functionality of the biomolecule. This plastic adaptation in biochemical reaction systems is essentially related to memory and learning capabilities, which have been studied in DNA computing applications for the past decade. However, designing DNA reaction systems with memory and learning capabilities using the dynamic properties of biochemical reactions remains challenging. In this study, we propose a basic DNA reaction system design that acquires classical conditioning, a phenomenon underlying memory and learning, as a typical learning task. Our design is based on a simple mechanism of five DNA strand displacement reactions and two degradative reactions. The proposed DNA circuit can acquire or lose a new function under specific conditions, depending on the input history formed by repetitive stimuli, by exploiting the dynamic properties of biochemical reactions induced by different input timings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakakuki
- Department
of Intelligent and Control Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and
Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of
Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan
| | - Masato Toyonari
- Department
of Intelligent and Control Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and
Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of
Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan
| | - Kaori Aso
- Department
of Intelligent and Control Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and
Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of
Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan
| | - Keiji Murayama
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 4648603, Japan
| | - Tom F. A. de Greef
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and
Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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5
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Sun X, Yao D, Liang H. pH-Controlled Resettable Modular DNA Strand-Displacement Circuits. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11540-11547. [PMID: 38085915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Sophisticated dynamic molecular systems with diverse functions have been fabricated by using the fundamental tool of toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) in the field of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. However, simple approaches to reset these TMSD-based dynamic systems are lacking due to the difficulty in creating kinetically favored pathways to implement the backward resetting reactions. Here, we develop a facile proton-driven strategy to achieve complete resetting of a modular DNA circuit by integrating a pH-responsive intermolecular CG-C+ triplex DNA and an i-motif DNA into the conventional DNA substrate. The pH-programmed strategy allows modular DNA components to specifically associate/dissociate to promote the forward/backward TMSD reactions, thereby enabling the modular DNA circuit to be repeatedly operated at a constant temperature without generating any DNA waste products. Leveraging this tractable approach, we further constructed two resettable DNA logic gates used for logical computation and two resettable catalytic DNA systems with good performance in signal transduction and amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongbao Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haojun Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Tholen HM, Ambulo CP, Lee KM, Buskohl PR, Harne RL. Optomechanical computing in liquid crystal elastomers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6978-6986. [PMID: 37665593 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Embodied decision-making in soft, engineered matter has sparked recent interest towards the development of intelligent materials. Such decision-making capabilities can be realized in soft materials via digital information processing with combinational logic operations. Although previous research has explored soft material actuators and embedded logic in soft materials, achieving a high degree of autonomy in these material systems remains a challenge. Light is an ideal stimulus to trigger information processing in soft materials due to its low thermal effect and remote use. Thus, one approach for developing soft, autonomous materials is to integrate optomechanical computing capabilities in photoresponsive materials. Here, we establish a methodology to embed combinational logic circuitry in a photoresponsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) film. These LCEs are designed with embedded switches and integrated circuitry using liquid metal-based conductive traces. The resulting optomechanical computing LCEs can effectively process optical information via light, thermal, and mechanical energy conversion. The methods introduced in this work to fabricate a material capable of optical information processing can facilitate the implementation of a sense of sight in soft robotic systems and other compliant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Tholen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Cedric P Ambulo
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
- Azimuth Corporation, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
- Azimuth Corporation, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Philip R Buskohl
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Ryan L Harne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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7
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Liu J, Liu S, Zou C, Xu S, Zhou C. Research Progress in Construction and Application of Enzyme-Based DNA Logic Gates. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2023; 22:245-258. [PMID: 35679378 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2022.3181615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As a research hotspot in the field of information processing, DNA computing exhibits several important underlying characteristics-from parallel computing and low energy consumption to high-performance storage capabilities-thereby enabling its wide application in nanomachines, molecular encryption, biological detection, medical diagnosis, etc. Based on DNA computing, the most rapidly developed field focuses on DNA molecular logic-gates computing. In particular, the recent advances in enzyme-based DNA logic gates has emerged as ideal materials for constructing DNA logic gates. In this review, we explore protein enzymes that can manipulate DNA, especially, nicking enzymes and polymerases with high efficiency and specificity, which are widely used in constructing DNA logic gates, as well as ribozyme that can construct DNA logic gates following various mechanism with distinct biomaterials. Accordingly, the review highlights the characteristics and applications of various types of DNAzyme-based logic gates models, considering their future developments in information, biomedicine, chemistry, and computers.
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8
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Liu LS, Leung HM, Morville C, Chu HC, Tee JY, Specht A, Bolze F, Lo PK. Wavelength-Dependent, Orthogonal Photoregulation of DNA Liberation for Logic Operations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1944-1957. [PMID: 36573551 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two phosphoramidites based on 2,7-bis-{4-nitro-8-[3-(2-propyl)-styryl]}-9,9-bis-[1-(3,6-dioxaheptyl)]-fluorene (BNSF) and 4,4'-bis-{8-[4-nitro-3-(2-propyl)-styryl]}-3,3'-di-methoxybiphenyl (BNSMB) structures as visible light-cleavable linkers for oligonucleotide conjugation. In addition to the commercial ultraviolet (UV) photocleavable (PC) linker, the BNSMB linker was further applied as a building component to construct photoregulated DNA devices as duplex structures, which are functionalized with fluorophores and quenchers. Selective cleavage of PC and BNSMB is achieved in response to ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiations as two inputs, respectively. This leads to controllable dissociation of pieces of DNA fragments, which is followed by changes of fluorescence emission as signal outputs of the system. By tuning the number and position of the photocleavable molecules, fluorophores, and quenchers, various DNA devices were developed, which mimic the functions of Boolean logic gates and achieve logic operations in AND, OR, NOR, and NAND gates in response to two different wavelengths of light inputs. By sequence design, the photolysis products can be precisely programmed in DNA devices and triggered to release in a selective and/or sequential manner. Thus, this photoregulated DNA device shows potential as a wavelength-dependent drug delivery system for selective control over the release of multiple individual therapeutic oligonucleotide-based drugs. We believe that our work not only enriches the library of photocleavable phosphoramidites available for bioconjugation but also paves the way for developing spatiotemporal-controlled, orthogonal-regulated DNA-based logic devices for a range of applications in materials science, polymers, chemistry, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sum Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clément Morville
- Conception et Applications des Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch 67401, France
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Yi Tee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Conception et Applications des Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch 67401, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Conception et Applications des Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch 67401, France
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Care, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Kankanamalage DVDW, Tran JHT, Beltrami N, Meng K, Zhou X, Pathak P, Isaacs L, Burin AL, Ali MF, Jayawickramarajah J. DNA Strand Displacement Driven by Host-Guest Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16502-16511. [PMID: 36063395 PMCID: PMC9479067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Base-pair-driven toehold-mediated strand displacement (BP-TMSD) is a fundamental concept employed for constructing DNA machines and networks with a gamut of applications─from theranostics to computational devices. To broaden the toolbox of dynamic DNA chemistry, herein, we introduce a synthetic surrogate termed host-guest-driven toehold-mediated strand displacement (HG-TMSD) that utilizes bioorthogonal, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) interactions with guest-linked input sequences. Since control of the strand-displacement process is salient, we demonstrate how HG-TMSD can be finely modulated via changes to the structure of the input sequence (including synthetic guest head-group and/or linker length). Further, for a given input sequence, competing small-molecule guests can serve as effective regulators (with fine and coarse control) of HG-TMSD. To show integration into functional devices, we have incorporated HG-TMSD into machines that control enzyme activity and layered reactions that detect specific microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer H T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Noah Beltrami
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Kun Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Pravin Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Mehnaaz F Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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10
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Piranej S, Bazrafshan A, Salaita K. Chemical-to-mechanical molecular computation using DNA-based motors with onboard logic. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:514-523. [PMID: 35347272 PMCID: PMC9119907 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA has become the biomolecule of choice for molecular computation that may one day complement conventional silicon-based processors. In general, DNA computation is conducted in individual tubes, is slow in generating chemical outputs in response to chemical inputs and requires fluorescence readout. Here, we introduce a new paradigm for DNA computation where the chemical input is processed and transduced into a mechanical output using dynamic DNA-based motors operating far from equilibrium. We show that DNA-based motors with onboard logic (DMOLs) can perform Boolean functions (NOT, YES, AND and OR) with 15 min readout times. Because DMOLs are micrometre-sized, massive arrays of DMOLs that are identical or uniquely encoded by size and refractive index can be multiplexed and perform motor-to-motor communication on the same chip. Finally, DMOL computational outputs can be detected using a conventional smartphone camera, thus transducing chemical information into the electronic domain in a facile manner, suggesting potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Piranej
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Schaffter SW, Strychalski EA. Cotranscriptionally encoded RNA strand displacement circuits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4354. [PMID: 35319994 PMCID: PMC8942360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Engineered molecular circuits that process information in biological systems could address emerging human health and biomanufacturing needs. However, such circuits can be difficult to rationally design and scale. DNA-based strand displacement reactions have demonstrated the largest and most computationally powerful molecular circuits to date but are limited in biological systems due to the difficulty in genetically encoding components. Here, we develop scalable cotranscriptionally encoded RNA strand displacement (ctRSD) circuits that are rationally programmed via base pairing interactions. ctRSD circuits address the limitations of DNA-based strand displacement circuits by isothermally producing circuit components via transcription. We demonstrate circuit programmability in vitro by implementing logic and amplification elements, as well as multilayer cascades. Furthermore, we show that circuit kinetics are accurately predicted by a simple model of coupled transcription and strand displacement, enabling model-driven design. We envision ctRSD circuits will enable the rational design of powerful molecular circuits that operate in biological systems, including living cells.
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12
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Tamba M, Murayama K, Asanuma H, Nakakuki T. Renewable DNA Proportional-Integral Controller with Photoresponsive Molecules. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020193. [PMID: 35208317 PMCID: PMC8879760 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A molecular robot is an intelligent molecular system. A typical control problem of molecular robots is to maintain the concentration of a specific DNA strand at the desired level, which is typically attained by a molecular feedback control mechanism. A molecular feedback system can be constructed in a bottom-up method by transforming a nonlinear chemical reaction system into a pseudo-linear system. This method enables the implementation of a molecular proportional-integral (PI) controller on a DNA reaction system. However, a DNA reaction system is driven by fuel DNA strand consumption, and without a sufficient amount of fuel strands, the molecular PI controller cannot perform normal operations as a concentration regulator. In this study, we developed a design method for a molecular PI control system to regenerate fuel strands by introducing photoresponsive reaction control. To this end, we employed a photoresponsive molecule, azobenzene, to guide the reaction direction forward or backward using light irradiation. We validated our renewable design of the PI controller by numerical simulations based on the reaction kinetics. We also confirmed the proof-of-principle of our renewable design by conducting experiments using a basic DNA circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Tamba
- Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 8208502, Japan;
| | - Keiji Murayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648603, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Takashi Nakakuki
- Department of Intelligent and Control Systems, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 8208502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-948-29-7716
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13
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Synthesis Strategy of Reversible Circuits on DNA Computers. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA computers and quantum computers are gaining attention as alternatives to classical digital computers. DNA is a biological material that can be reprogrammed to perform computing functions. Quantum computing performs reversible computations by nature based on the laws of quantum mechanics. In this paper, DNA computing and reversible computing are combined to propose novel theoretical methods to implement reversible gates and circuits in DNA computers based on strand displacement reactions, since the advantages of reversible logic gates can be exploited to improve the capabilities and functionalities of DNA computers. This paper also proposes a novel universal reversible gate library (URGL) for synthesizing n-bit reversible circuits using DNA to reduce the average length and cost of the constructed circuits when compared with previous methods. Each n-bit URGL contains building blocks to generate all possible permutations of a symmetric group of degree n. Our proposed group (URGL) in the paper is a permutation group. The proposed implementation methods will improve the efficiency of DNA computer computations as the results of DNA implementations are better in terms of quantum cost, DNA cost, and circuit length.
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14
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Arcadia CE, Dombroski A, Oakley K, Chen SL, Tann H, Rose C, Kim E, Reda S, Rubenstein BM, Rosenstein JK. Leveraging autocatalytic reactions for chemical domain image classification. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5464-5472. [PMID: 34163768 PMCID: PMC8179570 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05860b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autocatalysis is fundamental to many biological processes, and kinetic models of autocatalytic reactions have mathematical forms similar to activation functions used in artificial neural networks. Inspired by these similarities, we use an autocatalytic reaction, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, to perform digital image recognition tasks. Images are encoded in the concentration of a catalyst across an array of liquid samples, and the classification is performed with a sequence of automated fluid transfers. The outputs of the operations are monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy. The growing interest in molecular information storage suggests that methods for computing in chemistry will become increasingly important for querying and manipulating molecular memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kady Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Shui Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Hokchhay Tann
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI USA
| | | | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Sherief Reda
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI USA
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15
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Yazdani M, Beiki Z, Jahanian A. RNA secondary structured logic gates for profiling the microRNA cancer biomarkers. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:181-190. [PMID: 32338625 PMCID: PMC8676559 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs expression is symptomatic of cancer disease and occurs before the awareness of cancer signs. Early detection of cancer disease can improve or drop the disease entirely. DNA computing is an emerging field of detecting microRNAs based on toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions, which is a more efficient method than the commonly used method like real-time PCR. Accuracy and cost of diagnostic applications are essential criteria that are achieved by using the DNA logic gates based on the DNA computing method. In this study, the authors proposed the multi-input liver cancer biosensor with the RNA secondary structure motifs as the computational module and two approaches are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Yazdani
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Zohre Beiki
- Faculty of Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.
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16
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Li X, Sun X, Zhou J, Yao D, Xiao S, Zhou X, Wei B, Li C, Liang H. Enzyme-assisted waste-to-reactant transformation to engineer renewable DNA circuits. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11615-11618. [PMID: 31501837 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, implementation of renewable DNA circuits remains challenging due to issues including reactant depletion and waste accumulation. Herein we simultaneously addressed both issues through nicking enzyme-assisted waste-to-reactant transformation. As a proof-of-concept, a renewable entropy-driven catalytic DNA circuit was implemented, exhibiting a good renewability when replenishing fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China.
| | - Junxiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Dongbao Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Chengxu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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17
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Li Y, Pan L, Ke Y, Yan H. Nicking-Assisted Reactant Recycle To Implement Entropy-Driven DNA Circuit. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17189-17197. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | | | - Jing Yang
- School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linqiang Pan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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18
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Abstract
DNA outperforms most conventional storage media in terms of information retention time, physical density, and volumetric coding capacity. Advances in synthesis and sequencing technologies have enabled implementations of large synthetic DNA databases with impressive storage capacity and reliable data recovery. Several robust DNA storage architectures featuring random access, error correction, and content rewritability have been constructed with the potential for scalability and cost reduction. We survey these recent achievements and discuss alternative routes for overcoming the hurdles of engineering practical DNA storage systems. We also review recent exciting work on in vivo DNA memory including intracellular recorders constructed by programmable genome editing tools. Besides information storage, DNA could serve as a versatile molecular computing substrate. We highlight several state-of-the-art DNA computing techniques such as strand displacement, localized hybridization chain reactions, and enzymatic reaction networks. We summarize how these simple primitives have facilitated rational designs and implementations of in vitro DNA reaction networks that emulate digital/analog circuits, artificial neural networks, or nonlinear dynamic systems. We envision these modular primitives could be strategically adapted for sophisticated database operations and massively parallel computations on DNA databases. We also highlight in vivo DNA computing modules such as CRISPR logic gates for building scalable genetic circuits in living cells. To conclude, we discuss various implications and challenges of DNA-based storage and computing, and we particularly encourage innovative work on bridging these two areas of research to further explore molecular parallelism and near-data processing. Such integrated molecular systems could lead to far-reaching applications in biocomputing, security, and medicine.
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19
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Tam DY, Zhuang X, Wong SW, Lo PK. Photoresponsive Self-Assembled DNA Nanomaterials: Design, Working Principles, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805481. [PMID: 30861628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive DNA nanomaterials represent a new class of remarkable functional materials. By adjusting the irradiation wavelength, light intensity, and exposure time, various photocontrolled DNA-based systems can be reversibly or irreversibly regulated in respect of their size, shape, conformation, movement, and dissociation/association. This Review introduces the most updated progress in the development of photoresponsive DNA-based system and emphasizes their advantages over other stimuli-responsive systems. Their design and mechanisms to trigger the photoresponses are shown and discussed. The potential application of these photon-responsive DNA nanomaterials in biology, biomedicine, materials science, nanophotonic and nanoelectronic are also covered and described. The challenges faced and further directions of the development of photocontrolled DNA-based systems are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Yan Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Wing Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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20
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Abstract
Many biochemical events of importance are complex and dynamic. Fluorescence microscopy offers a versatile solution to study the dynamics of biology at the mesoscale. An important challenge in the field is the simultaneous study of several objects of interest, referred to as optical multiplexing. For improved multiplexing, some prior techniques used repeated reporter washing or the geometry of nanostructures; however, these techniques require complex nanostructure assembly, multiple reporters, or advanced multistep drift correction. Here we propose a time-based approach, for improved optical multiplexing, that uses readily available inexpensive reporters and requires minimal preparation efforts. We program short DNA strands, referred hereby as DNA devices, such that they undergo unique conformation changes in the presence of the dye-labeled reporters. The universal fluorescent reporter transiently binds with the devices to report their activity. Since each device is programmed to exhibit different hybridization kinetics, their fluorescent time trace, referred to as the temporal barcode, will be unique. We model our devices using continuous-time Markov chains and use stochastic simulation algorithm to generate their temporal patterns. We first ran simulation experiments with a small number of DNA devices, demonstrating several distinct temporal barcodes, all of which use a single dye color. Later, using nanostructure-based devices, we designed a much larger pool of temporal barcodes and used machine learning for classification of these barcodes. Our simulation experiments and design principles can aid in the experimental demonstration of the DNA devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin Shah
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Abhishek K. Dubey
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Health Data Sciences Institute, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John Reif
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
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21
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Zheng X, Yang J, Zhou C, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Wei X. Allosteric DNAzyme-based DNA logic circuit: operations and dynamic analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1097-1109. [PMID: 30541100 PMCID: PMC6379719 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, due to the dual roles of DNA and enzyme, DNAzyme has been widely used in the field of DNA circuit, which has a wide range of applications in bio-engineered system, information processing and biocomputing. In fact, the activity of DNAzymes was regulated by subunits assembly, pH control and metal ions triggers. However, those regulations required to change the sequences of whole DNAzyme, as separating parts and inserting extra DNA sequence. Inspired by the allosteric regulation of proteins in nature, a new allosteric strategy is proposed to regulate the activity of DNAzyme without DNA sequences changes. In this strategy, DNA strand displacement was used to regulate the DNAzyme structure, through which the activity of DNAzyme was well controlled. The strategy was applied to E6-type DNAzymes, and the operations of DNA logic circuit (YES, OR, AND, cascading and feedback) were established and simulated with the dynamic analyses. The allosteric regulation has potential to construct more complicated molecular systems, which can be applied to bio-sensing and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zheng
- College of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changjun Zhou
- College of Mathematics and Computer sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Key laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116622, China
- School of Computer Scicence and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116622, China
- School of Computer Scicence and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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22
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Zou C, Wei X, Zhang Q, Liu C, Liu Y. Solution of Equations Based on Analog DNA Strand Displacement Circuits. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:191-204. [PMID: 30716045 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2897116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand displacement can be used to build complex functional circuits due to its highly modular and programmable properties. While DNA strand displacement is most often used to solve logic problems, it can also be used to compute the roots of equations. In this paper, we present the design of novel architectures for catalysis, degradation, and annihilation in ideal formal reaction modules, and we translate these reaction modules to DNA networks. These ideal formal or DNA reaction modules are suitable for building analog circuits for solving tasks. The computing analog DNA circuits are assessed by solving a linear equation, a one-variable quadratic equation, and a set of two simultaneous linear equations. The results were evaluated by simulation.
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23
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Bui H, Shah S, Mokhtar R, Song T, Garg S, Reif J. Localized DNA Hybridization Chain Reactions on DNA Origami. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1146-1155. [PMID: 29357217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of DNA nanoscience has demonstrated many exquisite DNA nanostructures and intricate DNA nanodevices. However, the operation of each step of prior demonstrated DNA nanodevices requires the diffusion of DNA strands, and the speed of these devices is limited by diffusion kinetics. Here we demonstrate chains of localized DNA hybridization reactions on the surface of a self-assembled DNA origami rectangle. The localization design for our DNA nanodevices does not rely on the diffusion of DNA strands for each step, thus providing faster reaction kinetics. The locality also provides considerable increased scalability, since localized components of the devices can be reused in other locations. A variety of techniques, including atomic force microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence, and ensemble fluorescence spectroscopy, are used to confirm the occurrence of localized DNA hybridization reactions on the surface of DNA origami. There are many potential biological applications for our localized DNA nanodevices, and the localization design is extensible to applications involving DNA nanodevices operating on other molecular surfaces, such as those of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Bui
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- National Research Council , 500 Fifth Street NW, Keck 576, Washington, DC 20001, United States
| | - Shalin Shah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Reem Mokhtar
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tianqi Song
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sudhanshu Garg
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - John Reif
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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24
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Yu W, Tang L, Qiu JH, Zhang Z, Zhou LL, Li JL, Xie GM. Systematic comparison between toehold exchange and toehold displacement: exploration for highly specific and sensitive DNA detection. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of nucleic acid variations with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for the good practice of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Lan Tang
- The Public Health Center
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Ju-Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
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