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Mandal S, Mallik S, Bhoumick A, Bhattacharya A, Sen P. Synthesis of Amino Acid-Based Cationic Lipids and Study of the Role of the Cationic Head Group for Enhanced Drug and Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300834. [PMID: 38284327 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging liposomes for drug and nucleic acid delivery, though promising due to reduced toxicity and ease of preparation, faces challenges in stability and efficiency. To address this, we synthesized cationic amphiphiles from amino acids (arginine, lysine, and histidine). Histidine emerged as the superior candidate, leading to the development of three histidine-rich cationic amphiphiles for liposomes. Using the hydration method, we have prepared the liposomes and determined the optimal N/P ratios for lipoplex formation via gel electrophoresis. In vitro transfection assays compared the efficacy of our lipids to Fugene, while MTT assays gauged biocompatibility across cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7). The histidine-based lipid demonstrated marked potential in enhancing drug and nucleic acid delivery. This improvement stemmed from increased zeta potential, enhancing electrostatic interactions with nucleic acids and cellular uptake. Our findings underscore histidine's crucial role over lysine and arginine for effective delivery, revealing a significant correlation between histidine abundance and optimal performance. This study paves the way for histidine-enriched lipids as promising candidates for efficient drug and nucleic acid delivery, addressing key challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Mandal
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Biological Sciences, 2 A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032
| | - Suman Mallik
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Biological Sciences, 2 A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032
| | - Avinandan Bhoumick
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Biological Sciences, 2 A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032
| | | | - Prosenjit Sen
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Biological Sciences, 2 A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032
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2
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Arnett LP, Forbes MW, Keunen R, Winnik MA. Scratching the Surface (Modification): Developing a Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Investigation of PEGylated and Non-PEGylated Lipid Mixtures on Lipid-Coated Lanthanide Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14605-14613. [PMID: 34879202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We are interested in developing lanthanide nanoparticles (LnNPs) of the general formula NaLnF4 as high-sensitivity reagents for mass cytometry. These LnNPs must be coated to provide colloidal stability in aqueous buffer and functionality for detecting cellular biomarkers. Lipid bilayer coatings are a promising approach, but one requires an analytical technique to enable characterization of the NP coating composition as opposed to the composition of the lipid formulation used in the coating process. However, quantification of the lipid composition of lipid coatings on polymer and inorganic NPs is not common practice in the field. Here we describe a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) for separations and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instrumentation for detection and show that it can quantify complex lipid mixtures using small (<1 μg) amounts of sample. Our lipid formulation consisted of a mixture of egg sphingomyelin, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane, cholesterol-PEG600, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[biotinyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000]. We were able to extract the coating from lipid-coated 35 nm diameter LnNPs, quantify the lipid/NP ratio, and show that the coating composition differed from the composition of the lipid formulation for several of the species. Knowledge of the actual composition of the lipid coating for lipid-coated NPs is critical for designing and optimizing application of these materials. Our results establish the value of LC-MS/MS characterization of lipid-coated NPs, thus providing an important new addition to the toolbox available for characterizing these types of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Matthew W Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Rachel Keunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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3
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Wang C, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Study on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and elimination of rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110951. [PMID: 32678752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has caused increasing concern about their biosafety. Here, to understand the toxicity of UCNPs and their mechanism in HepG2 cells, we systematically study the cytotoxicity, uptake and elimination behaviors of three types of UCNPs combined multiple cytotoxicity evaluation means with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. Sodium yttrium fluoride, doped with 18% (molar ratio) ytterbium and 2% erbium (NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) was selected as the model UCNPs with two sizes (35 and 55 nm), and the poly(acrylic acid) and polyethylenimine were selected as the representatives of negative and positive surface coating of UCNPs, respectively. UCNPs were found to induce cytotoxicity in time- and dose-dependent manners, which might be mediated by reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress. Apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolic process were enhanced after cells exposed to 200 mg/L UCNPs for 48 h. Increase in the protein levels of cleaved caspased-9, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 suggested that the mitochondria mediated pathway was involved in UCNP-induced apoptosis. With the aid of ICP-MS, it demonstrated that the cytotoxicity was associated with internalized amount of UCNPs, which largely relied on their surface properties rather than size in the tested range. By comparing UCNPs with Y3+ ions, it demonstrated that NPs properties played a nonnegligible role in the cytotoxicity of UCNPs. These findings provide new insights for fundamental understanding of cytotoxicity of UCNPs and may contribute to more rational use of these materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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4
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Li T, Huang L, Yang M. Lipid-based Vehicles for siRNA Delivery in Biomedical Field. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:3-22. [PMID: 31549951 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190924164152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic drugs have aroused much attention in the past twenty years. RNA interference (RNAi) offers novel insights into discovering potential gene functions and therapies targeting genetic diseases. Small interference RNA (siRNA), typically 21-23 nucleotides in length, can specifically degrade complementary mRNA. However, targeted delivery and controlled release of siRNA remain a great challenge. METHODS Different types of lipid-based delivery vehicles have been synthesized, such as liposomes, lipidoids, micelles, lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles. These carriers commonly have a core-shell structure. For active targeting, ligands may be conjugated to the surface of lipid particles. RESULTS Lipid-based drug delivery vehicles can be utilized in anti-viral or anti-tumor therapies. They can also be used to tackle genetic diseases or discover novel druggable genes. CONCLUSION In this review, the structures of lipid-based vehicles and possible surface modifications are described, and applications of delivery vehicles in biomedical field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linfeng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Parashar D, Rajendran V, Shukla R, Sistla R. Lipid-based nanocarriers for delivery of small interfering RNA for therapeutic use. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Gupta M, Adnan M, Nagarajan R, Vijaya Prakash G. Color-Tunable Upconversion in Er 3+/Yb 3+-Codoped KLaF 4 Nanophosphors by Incorporation of Tm 3+ Ions for Biological Applications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2275-2282. [PMID: 31459470 PMCID: PMC6648747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavily doped nanocrystals of host KLaF4 with rare earth (RE3+ = Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+) ions prepared by a simple one-step template-free wet-chemical route have been reported. Prepared KLaF4 nanocrystals reveal phase-pure cubic structures (lattice constant a = 5.931Å) with space group Fm3m. Precisely defined molar ratios of heavily dopant RE3+ ions allow us to achieve wide color upconversion (UC) emission tunability (blue, green to yellow-orange-red) and white light, without any morphology and structure changes. The enhanced red emission by a factor of ∼120 has been achieved in 20% Yb3+ and 5% Tm3+ ions in KLaF4:1% Er3+ nanocrystals, which is due to an efficient sensitizer-acceptor (Yb3+ to Er3+ and Tm3+ ions) energy transfer and interexchange energy process between acceptors. For the first time, the key role of sensitizer (Yb3+) for UC emission energy transfer to Er3+ and/or Tm3+ is experimentally demonstrated. The evidence of upconversion photoluminescence excitation spectra reveals a broad safe biological excitation window (690-1040 nm), which can be well demonstrated by low-cost NIR diode lasers/LEDs. The applicability of these cubic nanophosphors is demonstrated as light-emitting polymer composite coatings and blocks for LEDs and solar cell panels. These well-dispersed UC nanocrystals can also be found to have greater use in bioimaging and spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Gupta
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajamani Nagarajan
- Materials
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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7
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Nsubuga A, Zarschler K, Sgarzi M, Graham B, Stephan H, Joshi T. Towards Utilising Photocrosslinking of Polydiacetylenes for the Preparation of “Stealth” Upconverting Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16036-16040. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nsubuga
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Massimo Sgarzi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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8
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Towards Utilising Photocrosslinking of Polydiacetylenes for the Preparation of “Stealth” Upconverting Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Zhou H, Yang J, Du Y, Fu S, Song C, Zhi D, Zhao Y, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhang S. Novel carbamate-linked quaternary ammonium lipids containing unsaturated hydrophobic chains for gene delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3535-3540. [PMID: 29801966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, two novel carbamate-linked quaternary ammonium lipids (MU18: a lipid with a mono-ammonium head; GU18: a lipid with a Gemini-ammonium head) containing unsaturated hydrophobic chains were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthetic lipids were characterized by infrared spectrum, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC. For investigating the effect of unsaturation on gene delivery, the previous reported saturated cationic liposomes (MS18 and GS18) were used as comparison. Cationic liposomes were prepared by using these cationic lipids and neutral lipid DOPE at the molar ratio of 1:1. Particle sizes and zeta potentials of the cationic liposomes were studied to show that they were suitable for gene transfection. The binding abilities of the cationic liposomes were investigated by gel electrophoresis at various N/P ratios from 0.5/1 to 8/1. The results indicated that the binding ability of GU18 was much better than MU18 and the saturated cationic liposomes (MS18 and GS18). DNA transfection of these liposomes comparable to commercially available reagent (DOTAP) was achieved in vitro against Hela, HepG-2 and NCI-H460 cell lines. GU18 showed higher transfection at the N/P ratio of 3/1 than other cationic liposomes and the positive control, DOTAP. All of the liposomes presented a relatively low cytotoxicity, which was measured by MTT. Therefore, the synthetic lipids bearing unsaturated hydrophobic chains and Gemini-head could be promising candidates for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China; SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jian Yang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
| | - Defu Zhi
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Duong HV, Chau TTL, Dang NTT, Vanterpool F, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Lizundia E, Tran HT, Nguyen LV, Nguyen TD. Biocompatible Chitosan-Functionalized Upconverting Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:86-95. [PMID: 30023767 PMCID: PMC6044559 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous integration of photon emission and biocompatibility into nanoparticles is an interesting strategy to develop applications of advanced optical materials. In this work, we present the synthesis of biocompatible optical nanocomposites from the combination of near-infrared luminescent lanthanide nanoparticles and water-soluble chitosan. NaYF4:Yb,Er upconverting nanocrystal guests and water-soluble chitosan hosts are prepared and integrated together into biofunctional optical composites. The control of aqueous dissolution, gelation, assembly, and drying of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocolloids and chitosan liquids allowed us to design novel optical structures of spongelike aerogels and beadlike microspheres. Well-defined shape and near-infrared response lead upconverting nanocrystals to serve as photon converters to couple with plasmonic gold (Au) nanoparticles. Biocompatible chitosan-stabilized Au/NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocomposites are prepared to show their potential use in biomedicine as we find them exhibiting a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.58 mg mL-1 for chitosan-stabilized Au/NaYF4:Yb,Er nanorods versus 0.24 mg mL-1 for chitosan-stabilized NaYF4:Yb,Er after 24 h. As a result of their low cytotoxicity and upconverting response, these novel materials hold promise to be interesting for biomedicine, analytical sensing, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau Van Duong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, 102 Phung Hung, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Trang The Lieu Chau
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nhan Thi Thanh Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le
Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Frankie Vanterpool
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Department
of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Hoa Thai Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Long Viet Nguyen
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group and Faculty of Applied
Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Dinh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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