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Shikole E, Gjorgoski I, Glavas Dodov M, Kocheva N, Trojachanec J, Zafirov D. The effect of Coenzyme Q10 in Cisplatin induced myelosuppression in rats. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Shikole
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Icko Gjorgoski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova St. 5, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nedica Kocheva
- Center of Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jasmina Trojachanec
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dimche Zafirov
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 50th Divizija No. 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Stenberg S, Li J, Gjuvsland AB, Persson K, Demitz-Helin E, González Peña C, Yue JX, Gilchrist C, Ärengård T, Ghiaci P, Larsson-Berghund L, Zackrisson M, Smits S, Hallin J, Höög JL, Molin M, Liti G, Omholt SW, Warringer J. Genetically controlled mtDNA deletions prevent ROS damage by arresting oxidative phosphorylation. eLife 2022; 11:76095. [PMID: 35801695 PMCID: PMC9427111 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes is currently attributed to rare accidental events associated with mitochondrial replication or repair of double-strand breaks. We report the discovery that yeast cells arrest harmful intramitochondrial superoxide production by shutting down respiration through genetically controlled deletion of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes. We show that this process critically involves the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 and two-way mitochondrial-nuclear communication through Rtg2 and Rtg3. While mitochondrial DNA homeostasis is rapidly restored after cessation of a short-term superoxide stress, long-term stress causes maladaptive persistence of the deletion process, leading to complete annihilation of the cellular pool of intact mitochondrial genomes and irrevocable loss of respiratory ability. This shows that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairment may be under strict regulatory control. If the results extend to human cells, the results may prove to be of etiological as well as therapeutic importance with regard to age-related mitochondrial impairment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arne B Gjuvsland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Karl Persson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Demitz-Helin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, erikdemitzhelin, Sweden
| | - Carles González Peña
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Argentona, Spain
| | - Jia-Xing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciaran Gilchrist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timmy Ärengård
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Payam Ghiaci
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Larsson-Berghund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Zackrisson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silvana Smits
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Hallin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna L Höög
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gianni Liti
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | - Stig W Omholt
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jonas Warringer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Qi ZH, Yan XJ, Liu YY, Hou X, Zhao Z, Zhu YY, He YJ, Wang ZJ, Yang HJ, Na ZY, Zhao YL, Luo XD. The Protective Effect of Sweet Potato Root Tuber on Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200126. [PMID: 35712860 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the leading crops worldwide, containing high nutritional components such as fiber and polyphenols. Root tuber of Simon 1 (SIMON), a cultivar of sweet potato, is a folk food in China with a hemostasis function but lacking experimental data support. METHODS AND RESULTS Now the protective effect of SIMON on chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT), a serious complication of cancer treatment, is investigated for the first time by a CIT mouse model induced by intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin. As a result, SIMON raises the number of peripheral platelets, white blood cells, and bone marrow nucleated cells in CIT mice significantly. Besides, carboplatin-induced atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and disordered metabolism of the inflammatory immune system and glycerophospholipids are also reversed by SIMON. Phytochemical analysis of SIMON indicates 16 compounds including eight phenolic derivatives, which might be associated with its anti-CIT bioactivity. CONCLUSION Sweet potato (SIMON) may be an efficient function food in the prevention of bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xia Hou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Yunnan Institute for Ecological Agriculture, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Na
- Yunnan Institute for Ecological Agriculture, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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Zhai JX, Song ZH, Chang H, Wang YW, Han N, Liu ZH, Yin J. He-Wei Granule enhances anti-tumor activity of cyclophosphamide by changing tumor microenvironment. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:79-89. [PMID: 36120121 PMCID: PMC9476702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective He-Wei Granule (HWKL) is a modern product derived from the modified formulation of traditional Chinese medicine Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD), which remarkedly enhanced the anti-proliferation activity of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on HepG2 and SGC-7901 cell lines in vitro in our previous research. The aim of the study was to investigate the synergistic effects of HWKL and CTX using a transplanted H22 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Methods The CTX-toxic-reducing efficacy of HWKL was evaluated by hematology indexes, organ indexes and marrow DNA detection. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, histopathology test, immunohistochemistry test and TUNEL staining were conducted. The efficacy of HWKL on the micro-vessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue was also evaluated by measuring CD34 level. Results High dose HWKL (6.75 g/kg) markedly attenuated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression while significantly enhanced CTX anticancer efficacy in vivo. Further mechanism investigation suggested that high dose HWKL significantly increased cleaved Caspase 3 level and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissue by up-regulating Bax expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 and FasL expressions. Compared with CTX alone group, the decrease in LC-3B and Beclin 1 levels suggested that the autophagy in H22 carcinoma was significantly inhibited with addition of high dose HWKL. ELISA assay results indicated that the autophagy inhibition was achieved by decreasing p53 expression, blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and recovering Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. In addition, CD34 and EGFR immunohistochemistry assay suggest that high dose HWKL could significantly decrease micro-vessel density (MVD) and inhibit angiogenesis in H22 carcinoma. Conclusion It can be concluded that high-dose HWKL enhanced CTX efficacy by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis in tumor tissue while significantly alleviated CTX-induced toxicity, and could be applied along with CTX in clinical treatment as a supplement agent.
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Zhou Z, Chen X. Precise engineering of Cisplatin prodrug into supramolecular nanoparticles: Enhanced on in vitro antiproliferative activity and treatment and care of in vivo renal injury. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Liu K, Li J, Liao J, Ma L. Engineering of hybrid anticancer drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles delivery system for the treatment and care of lung cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1539-1547. [PMID: 34282705 PMCID: PMC8293970 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1934187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy with combination drugs has become one of the most commonly used cancer prevention treatments, with positive clinical results. The goal of this study was to develop compostable polymeric nanomaterials (NMs) for the delivery of puerarin (PRN) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU), as well as to investigate the anticancer activity of the drug delivery system (PRN-5FU NMs) against in vitro and in vivo lung cancer cells. Since double antitumor drugs PRN and 5FU are insufficiently compressed in polymer-based bio-degradable nanoparticles, encapsulation of PRN and 5FU antitumor drugs were co-encapsulated with polyethylene glycol and polylactidecoglycolide nanoparticles (NMs) is efficient. The arrangement of PRN NMs, 5FU NMs, and PRN-5FU NMs, as well as the nanoparticles shape and scale, were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 5FU-PRN NMs triggered apoptosis in lung carcinoma cell lines such as HEL-299 and A549 in vitro. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and nuclear damaging staining techniques were used to observe morphologies and cell death. The mechanistic analysis of apoptosis was also confirmed by flow cytometry analysis using dual staining. When compared to free anticancer products, the hemolysis analysis findings of the 5FU-PRN NMs showed excellent biocompatibility. Taken together the advantages, this combination drug conveyance strategy exposed that 5FU-PRN NMs could have a significant promising to improve the effectiveness of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Third ward of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juan Liao
- Third ward of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Maatouk M, Abed B, Bouhlel I, Krifa M, Khlifi R, Ioannou I, Ghedira K, Ghedira LC. Heat treatment and protective potentials of luteolin-7-O-glucoside against cisplatin genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13417-13427. [PMID: 32026362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that has pronounced adverse effects. Using flavonoids is currently eliciting considerable interest. During extraction and conditioning, they usually undergo several physical treatments such as heat treatment, although it is not known whether thermal treatment might influence the pharmacological effects of flavonoids such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (L7G). This study was undertaken to explore the protective role of native and heated L7G against DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by cisplatin. Balb/c mice were administered L7G before a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after treatment with drugs. The geno-protective role of native and heated L7G was evaluated by comet assay. In addition to monitoring the activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assessed in the liver, kidney, brain, and spleen tissues. The results of the present study demonstrate that both heated and native L7G, at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w, were able to reduce the genotoxicity of cisplatin. They attenuate the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, GPx, SOD, and GSH) and tissue damage (creatinine, IFNγ). Heat treatment did not alter the antigenotoxic effect observed for native L7G and showed similar effects to those of native L7G for all of the evaluated parameters. Our study reveals that L7G attenuates the side effects of anticancer drug and heat treatment did not alter his antigenotoxic and antioxidant the potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Maatouk
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Besma Abed
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouhlel
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Institut supérieur des sciences appliquées et de technologie de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, Zrig Eddakhlania, 6029, Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Krifa
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Khlifi
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Irina Ioannou
- ENSAIA-INPL, Laboratoire d'ingénierie des Biomolécules, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-, 54505, Nancy, France
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir Ghedira
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Unité des Substances Naturells Bioactives et Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, U17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Yao S, Wei B, Yu M, Meng X, He M, Yao R. Design, synthesis and evaluation of PD176252 analogues for ameliorating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:757-763. [PMID: 31191866 PMCID: PMC6533884 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a clinical chemotherapy drug for cancers; however, its remarkably high kidney toxicity and other toxicities pose a danger to patients. As the small molecule inhibitor of GRPR, PD176252 can inhibit the growth and proliferation of various cancer cells, but the characteristics of high toxicity and poor water solubility has limited its use as a drug. When we studied PD176252 for the reduction of toxicity of cisplatin, we modified its structure to synthesize 16 analogues. Surprisingly, the analogues showed reduced cisplatin-induced renal toxicity, and unlike PD176252, the analogues 5d and 5m were almost non-toxic to the normal HK2 cells. Furthermore, the analogue 5d and PD176252 were subjected to cisplatin-induced inflammatory response in vitro. The results showed that 5d was able to better prevent this condition by effectively inhibiting its inflammatory response. Thus, this study will help in clinically reducing the side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , 230032 , China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , 230032 , China
| | - Meng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Risheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess , Ministry of Education , PRC , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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Song Z, Chang H, Han N, Liu Z, Wang Z, Gao H, Yin J. He-Wei granules inhibit chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CINV) in rats by reducing oxidative stress and regulating 5-HT, substance P, ghrelin and obestatin. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common side effect of a variety of chemotherapy drugs, CINV severely limits the clinical use of chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehai Song
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Hang Chang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Hao Gao
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica 48#
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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