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Blázquez-Moraleja A, Moya P, Marin ML, Bosca F. Synthesis of Novel Heterogeneous Photocatalysts based on Rose Bengal for effective Wastewater Disinfection and Decontamination. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Torres-Martínez A, Bedrina B, Falomir E, Marín MJ, Angulo-Pachón CA, Galindo F, Miravet JF. Non-Polymeric Nanogels as Versatile Nanocarriers: Intracellular Transport of the Photosensitizers Rose Bengal and Hypericin for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3658-3669. [PMID: 35014451 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers for intracellular transport of actives has been extensively studied in recent years and represents a central area of nanomedicine. The main novelty of this paper lies on the use of nanogels formed by a low-molecular-weight gelator (1). Here, non-polymeric, molecular nanogels are successfully used for intracellular transport of two photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, Rose Bengal (RB) and hypericin (HYP). The two photosensitizers (PSs) exhibit different drawbacks for their use in clinical applications. HYP is poorly water-soluble, while the cellular uptake of RB is hindered due to its dianionic character at physiological pH values. Additionally, both PSs tend to aggregate precluding an effective PDT. Despite the different nature of these PSs, nanogels from gelator 1 provide, in both cases, an efficient intracellular transport into human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and a notably improved PDT efficiency, as assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. Furthermore, no significant dark toxicity of the nanogels is observed, supporting the biocompatibility of the delivery system. The developed nanogels are highly reproducible due to their non-polymeric nature, and their synthesis is easily scaled up. The results presented here thus confirm the potential of molecular nanogels as valuable nanocarriers, capable of entrapping both hydrophobic and hydrophilic actives, for PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Begoña Bedrina
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - César A Angulo-Pachón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Juan F Miravet
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
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López-López N, Muñoz Resta I, de Llanos R, Miravet JF, Mikhaylov M, Sokolov MN, Ballesta S, García-Luque I, Galindo F. Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6995-7003. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-López
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Muñoz Resta
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- Unidad Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Maxim Mikhaylov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sofía Ballesta
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-Luque
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Thomson CG, Lee AL, Vilela F. Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1495-1549. [PMID: 32647551 PMCID: PMC7323633 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements. This reduces their long-term viability, especially at an industrial scale. Heterogeneous photocatalysts (HPCats) are an attractive alternative, as the requirement for the separation and purification is largely removed, but typically at the cost of efficiency. Flow chemical reactors can, to a large extent, mitigate the loss in efficiency through reactor designs that enhance mass transport and irradiation. Herein, we review some important developments of heterogeneous photocatalytic materials and their application in flow reactors for sustainable organic synthesis. Further, the application of continuous flow heterogeneous photocatalysis in environmental remediation is briefly discussed to present some interesting reactor designs that could be implemented to enhance organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
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Valverde D, Porcar R, Izquierdo D, Burguete MI, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Rose Bengal Immobilized on Supported Ionic-Liquid-like Phases: An Efficient Photocatalyst for Batch and Flow Processes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3996-4004. [PMID: 31282609 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of Rose Bengal (RB) immobilized on supported ionic liquid (IL)-like phases was evaluated as a polymer-supported photocatalyst. In these systems, the polymer was designed to play a pivotal role. The polymeric backbone adequately modified with IL-like moieties (supported IL-like phases, SILLPs) was not just an inert support for the dye but controlled the accessibility of reagents/substrates to the active sites and provided specific microenvironments for the reaction. The structure of SILLPs could be finetuned to adjust the catalytic efficiency of the RB-SILLP composites, achieving systems that were more active and stable than the related systems in the absence of IL-like units.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Valverde
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
| | - Raul Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
| | - Diana Izquierdo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
| | - M Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellon. 1, Spain
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Arnau del Valle C, Felip-León C, Angulo-Pachón CA, Mikhailov M, Sokolov MN, Miravet JF, Galindo F. Photoactive Hexanuclear Molybdenum Nanoclusters Embedded in Molecular Organogels. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8900-8905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Arnau del Valle
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Carles Felip-León
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - César A. Angulo-Pachón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Maxim Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Prospekt Akademika Lavrent’yeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Prospekt Akademika Lavrent’yeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain
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Reddy KR, Reddy CV, Nadagouda MN, Shetti NP, Jaesool S, Aminabhavi TM. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-based semiconducting nanostructured materials: Synthesis methods, properties and photocatalytic applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:25-40. [PMID: 30844543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various facile and low-cost methods have been developed for the synthesis of advanced nanostructured photocatalytic materials. These catalysts are required to mitigate the energy crisis, environmental deterioration, including water and air pollution. Among the various semiconductors explored, recently novel classes of polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterogeneous photocatalysts have established much greater importance because of their unique physiochemical properties, large surface area, low price, and long service life, ease of synthesis, product scalability, controllable band gap properties, low toxicity, and high photocatalytic activity. The present comprehensive review focuses on recent achievements in a number of facile chemical synthesis methods for semiconducting polymeric carbon nitrides and their heterogeneous nanohybrids with various dopants, nanostructured metals, metal oxides, and nanocarbons, as well as the parameters influencing their physiochemical properties and photocatalytic efficiency, which are discussed with reference to various catalytic applications such as air (NOx) purification, wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, CO2 reduction, and chemical transformation. The mechanisms for the superior photocatalytic activity of polymeric g-C3N4-based heterogeneous photocatalysts are also discussed. Finally, the challenges, prospects, and future directions for photocatalytic polymeric g-C3N4-based semiconducting materials are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45324, United States
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Gokul, Hubballi, 580030, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Karnataka, India
| | - Shim Jaesool
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea.
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Petrizza L, Le Bechec M, Decompte E, El Hadri H, Lacombe S, Save M. Tuning photosensitized singlet oxygen production from microgels synthesized by polymerization in aqueous dispersed media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate, N-vinylcaprolactam, vinyl benzyl Rose Bengal and divinyl adipate to synthesize switchable photosensitizer-grafted polymer colloids for interfacial photooxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrizza
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Emile Decompte
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Hind El Hadri
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Sylvie Lacombe
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA
- IPREM
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux
- PAU cedex 9
- France
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Felip-León C, Martínez-Arroyo O, Díaz-Oltra S, Miravet JF, Apostolova N, Galindo F. Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and biological evaluation of acridine derivatives: The role of aggregation on the photodynamic efficiency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:869-874. [PMID: 29456110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two new photoactive compounds (1 and 2) derived from the 9-amidoacridine chromophore have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their abilities to produce singlet oxygen upon irradiation have been compared. The synthesized compounds show very different self-aggregating properties since only 1 present a strong tendency to aggregate in water. Biological assays were conducted with two cell types: hepatoma cells (Hep3B) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies carried out with Hep3B cells showed that non-aggregating compound 2 showed photoxicity, ascribed to the production of singlet oxygen, being aggregating compound 1 photochemically inactive. On the other hand suspensions of 1, characterized as nano-sized aggregates, have notable antiproliferative activity towards this cell line in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Felip-León
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Arroyo
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; Universitat de València, Departamento de Farmacología, Avda. Blasco Ibañez n.15-17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain; Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Educación, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan F Miravet
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Universitat de València, Departamento de Farmacología, Avda. Blasco Ibañez n.15-17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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