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Emam MH, Elezaby RS, Swidan SA, Hathout RM. Nanofiberous facemasks as protectives against pandemic respiratory viruses. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:127-143. [PMID: 38753449 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2356601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wearing protective face masks and respirators has been a necessity to reduce the transmission rate of respiratory viruses since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Nevertheless, the outbreak has revealed the need to develop efficient air filter materials and innovative anti-microbial protectives. Nanofibrous facemasks, either loaded with antiviral nanoparticles or not, are very promising personal protective equipment (PPE) against pandemic respiratory viruses. AREAS COVERED In this review, multiple types of face masks and respirators are discussed as well as filtration mechanisms of particulates. In this regard, the limitations of traditional face masks were summarized and the advancement of nanotechnology in developing nanofibrous masks and air filters was discussed. Different methods of preparing nanofibers were explained. The various approaches used for enhancing nanofibrous face masks were covered. EXPERT OPINION Although wearing conventional face masks can limit viral infection spread to some extent, the world is in great need for more protective face masks. Nanofibers can block viral particles efficiently and can be incorporated into face masks in order to enhance their filtration efficiency. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of antiviral nanoparticles can significantly increase the protection power of facemasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna H Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham S Elezaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady A Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Pan W, Liang Q, Gao Q. Preparation of hydroxypropyl starch/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers films and improvement of hydrophobic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1297-1307. [PMID: 36395934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Starch-derived edible films have great potential as biodegradable food packaging and biomedical materials, in this study, we adopted a green method to prepare starch-based composite electrospun nanofibers films. The hydroxypropyl starches (HPS) were prepared to improve native starch solubility and properties, and a series of blend solutions were prepared with different HPS/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) weight ratios. The comparison of the properties of HPS/PVA (HPA) nanofibers with different amylose contents were evaluated, and the fibers fabricated from hydroxypropyl high amylose starch (HP-HAS) had more continuous and homogeneous morphologies compared to the other starch fibers, it was also found that the addition of HP-HAS in the film has better mechanical properties than pure PVA film. Thus, to improve the hydrophobicity of the film, the HP-HAS/PVA (HPA(H)) nanofiber was selected for the hydrophobic study by the citric acid (CA) treatment. The hydrophobic surface was formed on the HPA(H) film by CA self-assembled coating with a water contact angle changed from 30.95° up to 100.74°. This study successfully prepared the modified starch/PVA composite nanofibers and established a simple method of self-assembled hydrophobic modification to improve water stability. Therefore, this green strategy is an alternative candidate in further study for food packaging and relative areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Pan
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qian Liang
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qunyu Gao
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Electrospun-Based Membranes as a Key Tool to Prevent Respiratory Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183787. [PMID: 36145931 PMCID: PMC9504510 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electrospun meshes has been proposed as highly efficient protective equipment to prevent respiratory infections. Those infections can result from the activity of micro-organisms and other small dust particles, such as those resulting from air pollution, that impair the respiratory tract, induce cellular damage and compromise breathing capacity. Therefore, electrospun meshes can contribute to promoting air-breathing quality and controlling the spread of such epidemic-disrupting agents due to their intrinsic characteristics, namely, low pore size, and high porosity and surface area. In this review, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of several stressors of the respiratory system are covered as well as the strategies adopted to inhibit their action. The main goal is to discuss the performance of antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers by comparing the results already reported in the literature. Further, the main aspects of the certification of filtering systems are highlighted, and the expected technology developments in the industry are also discussed.
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Zhou J, Li X, Hou T, Zhang X, Yang B. Biodegradable, biomimetic, and nanonet-engineered membranes enable high-flux and highly-efficient oil/water separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128858. [PMID: 35405607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes with fascinating super-wettable surface and tunable porous architecture for oil-water separation have been developed rapidly, however, the serious secondary marine pollution caused by the non-degradable defectiveness of membranes themselves is still a thorny problem. Herein, we create an eco-friendly membrane with biomimetic cobweb-like nanostructure via assembling two-dimensional bacterial cellulose nanonets on the starch nanofibrous membrane on a large scale. The obtained novel composite membranes exhibit integrated properties of sub-micron pore size, ultrahigh porosity, superhydrophilicity, and underwater superoleophobicity, stemming from the synergistic effect of the hydrated nanonet-skin-layer and porous starch matrix. By virtue of the narrow-distributed sub-micron pores, ultrahigh porosity, and ultrathin thickness, the resulting membrane shows outstanding performance of excellent separation efficiency (up to 99.996%), high percolation flux (maximum of 15968 L m-2 h-1), well surpassing the conventional microfiltration membranes. More significantly, with the advantage of biodegradability and anti-oil-fouling property, the membrane could serve as the robust platform for long-term wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, China
| | - Teng Hou
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, China
| | - Xianggui Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, China.
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Review on Spinning of Biopolymer Fibers from Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071121. [PMID: 33915955 PMCID: PMC8036305 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing interest in bio-based polymers and fibers has led to the development of several alternatives to conventional plastics and fibers made of these materials. Biopolymer fibers can be made from renewable, environmentally friendly resources and can be fully biodegradable. Biogenic resources with a high content of carbohydrates such as starch-containing plants have huge potentials to substitute conventional synthetic plastics in a number of applications. Much literature is available on the production and modification of starch-based fibers and blends of starch with other polymers. Chemistry and structure–property relationships of starch show that it can be used as an attractive source of raw material which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value bio-based products. In this review, possible spinning techniques for the development of virgin starch or starch/polymer blend fibers and their products are discussed. Beneficiation of starch for the development of bio-based fibers can result in the sustainable replacement of oil-based high-value materials with cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and abundant products.
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Rodríguez-Tobías H, Morales G, Grande D. Comprehensive review on electrospinning techniques as versatile approaches toward antimicrobial biopolymeric composite fibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:306-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ashraf R, Sofi HS, Malik A, Beigh MA, Hamid R, Sheikh FA. Recent Trends in the Fabrication of Starch Nanofibers: Electrospinning and Non-electrospinning Routes and Their Applications in Biotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:47-74. [PMID: 29882194 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning a versatile and the most preferred technique for the fabrication of nanofibers has revolutionized by opening unlimited avenues in biomedical fields. Presently, the simultaneous functionalization and/or post-modification of as-spun nanofibers with biomolecules has been explored, to serve the distinct goals in the aforementioned field. Starch is one of the most abundant biopolymers on the earth. Besides, being biocompatible and biodegradable in nature, it has unprecedented properties of gelatinization and retrogradation. Therefore, starch has been used in numerous ways for wide range of applications. Keeping these properties in consideration, the present article summarizes the recent expansion in the fabrication of the pristine/modified starch-based composite scaffolds by electrospinning along with their possible applications. Apart from electrospinning technique, this review will also provide the comprehensive information on various other techniques employed in the fabrication of the starch-based nanofibers. Furthermore, we conclude with the challenges to be overcome in the fabrication of nanofibers by the electrospinning technique and future prospects of starch-based fabricated scaffolds for exploration of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roqia Ashraf
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Hasham S Sofi
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Aijaz Malik
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Hamid
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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