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Li Y, Zhu L, Wu X, Zhang Z, Pu R, Zheng Y, Zhang Z. Paper-in-Tip Bipolar Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for Real-Time Chemical Reaction Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202318169. [PMID: 38717236 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Capturing short-lived intermediates at the molecular level is key to understanding the mechanism and dynamics of chemical reactions. Here, we have developed a paper-in-tip bipolar electrolytic electrospray mass spectrometry platform, in which a piece of triangular conductive paper incorporated into a plastic pipette tip serves not only as an electrospray emitter but also as a bipolar electrode (BPE), thus triggering both electrospray and electrolysis simultaneously upon application of a high voltage. The bipolar electrolysis induces a pair of redox reactions on both sides of BPE, enabling both electro-oxidation and electro-reduction processes regardless of the positive or negative ion mode, thus facilitating access to complementary structural information for mechanism elucidation. Our method enables real-time monitoring of transient intermediates (such as N,N-dimethylaniline radical cation, dopamine o-quinone (DAQ) and sulfenic acid with half-lives ranging from microseconds to minutes) and transient processes (such as DAQ cyclization with a rate constant of 0.15 s-1). This platform also provides key insights into electrocatalytic reactions such as Fe (III)-catalyzed dopamine oxidation to quinone species at physiological pH for neuromelanin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Lixuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ruijin Pu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
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2
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Xu Z, Wei J, Abid A, Liu Z, Wu Y, Gu J, Ma D, Zheng M. Formation and toxicity contribution of chlorinated and dechlorinated halobenzoquinones from dichlorophenols after ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169860. [PMID: 38199341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are a class of disinfection byproducts with high cytotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity, which have been widely detected in chlorination of drinking water and swimming pool water. However, to date, the formation of HBQs upon ozonation and the HBQ precursors have been overlooked. This study investigated the formation of chlorinated and dechlorinated HBQs from six dichlorophenol (DCP) isomers. The monomeric and dimeric HBQs were identified in all the ozonation effluents, exhibiting 1-100 times higher toxicity levels than their precursors. The sum of detected HBQs intensity had a satisfactory linear relation with the maximum toxic unit (R2 = 0.9657), indicating the primary toxicity contribution to the increased overall toxicity of effluents. Based on density functional theory calculations, when ozone attacks the para carbon to the hydroxyl group of 2,3-DCP, the probability of producing chlorinated HBQs is 80.41 %, indicating that the para carbon attack mainly resulted in the formation of monomeric HBQs. 2,3-dichlorophenoxy radicals were successfully detected in ozonated 2,3-DCP effluent through electron paramagnetic resonance and further validated using theoretical calculation, revealing the formation pathway of dimeric HBQs. The results indicate that chlorinated phenols, regardless of the positions of chlorine substitution, can potentially serve as precursors for both chlorinated and dechlorinated HBQs formation during ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aroob Abid
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yasen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wei J, Wang S, Tang W, Xu Z, Ma D, Zheng M, Li J. Redox-directed identification of toxic transformation products during ozonation of aromatics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165929. [PMID: 37532054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity assessment of transformation products (TPs) formed in oxidative water treatment is crucial but challenging because of their low concentration, structural diversity, and mixture complexity. Here, this study developed a novel redox-directed approach for identification of toxic TPs without the individual toxicity and concentration information. This approach based on sodium borohydride reduction comprised an integrated process of toxicological evaluation, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization, high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, followed by ecological toxicity assessment of identified TPs. The redox-directed identification of primary causative toxicants was experimentally tested for the increased nonspecific toxicity observations in the ozonated effluents of model aromatics. Reduction reaction caused a remarkable decrease in toxicity and increase in fluorescence intensity, obtaining a good linear relation between them. More than ten monomeric or dimeric p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) TPs were identified in the ozonated effluents. The occurrence of the p-BQ TPs was further verified through parallel sodium sulfite reduction and actual wastewater ozonation experiments. In vitro bioassays of luminescent bacteria, as well as in silico genotoxicity and cytotoxicity predictions, indicate that the toxicity of p-BQ TPs is significantly higher than that of their precursors and other TPs. These together demonstrated that the identified p-BQ TPs are primary toxicity contributors. The redox-directed approach facilitated the revelation of primary toxicity contribution, illustrating emerging p-BQs are a concern for aquatic ecosystem safety in the oxidative treatment of aromatics-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weixu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ahn YY, Kim J, Kim K. Frozen Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrite Solution: The Acceleration of Benzoic Acid Oxidation via the Decreased pH in Ice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2323-2333. [PMID: 34904827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated benzoic acid oxidation via the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite (NO2-). The oxidation of benzoic acid by reactive nitrous acid (HONO) was negligible, and the reactivity of the H2O2/NO2- system decreased with a decrease in temperature under aqueous conditions. However, freezing markedly accelerated the chemical reaction. Based on Raman microscope measurements, concentrated species were confirmed in certain regions of the ice. We proposed that the change in nitrite speciation (accordingly, a decrease in the pH below pKa), derived from the freezing concentration effect, was the reason for the accelerated reactions. The oxidation characteristics of the system were monitored under varying conditions, such as initial pH, dosage ratio, benzoic acid concentration, and reaction with various benzene derivatives. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI/MS) measurement showed that peroxynitrous acid (HOONO)-mediated oxidation generated hydroxylated and nitrated byproducts. Additionally, decarboxylated products were detected, indicating direct electron transfer from the organic compounds to HOONO. As freezing is a global phenomenon, and H2O2 and NO2- are ubiquitous in the environment, the transformation of aromatic compounds with H2O2/NO2- in cold environments must be considered in environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yoon Ahn
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science of Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ling C, Shi Q, Wei Z, Zhang J, Hu J, Pei J. Rapid analysis of quinones in complex matrices by derivatization-based wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 237:122912. [PMID: 34736649 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinones are important components participating in various biological processes as well as hazardous substances to human health. Rapid determination of quinones in environmental samples and biofluids is the basis for assessing their health effect. Here, we presented a rapid, straightforward, highly sensitive and environmental-friendly wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method for the determination of quinones in PM2.5, urine and serum. An amine group "tag" was introduced to the quinone structure through in situ derivatization with cysteamine to improve ionization efficiency of quinones in wooden-tip ESI-MS. The toothpicks were treated by sharpening and acidification with HNO3. Experimental parameters, including sample volume, spray voltage, and spray solvent composition were optimized to be 1 μL, 3.5 kV, and ACN/CH3COOC2H5 (v/v, 9:1), respectively. The limits of detection for the determination of 1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in ACN under the optimal conditions were 1.00, 0.96, 0.13, 0.16 ng (1.00, 0.96, 0.13, 0.16 μg/mL, sample volume, 1 μL), respectively. This approach was successfully applied to the determination of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in complex matrices, including PM2.5, urine and serum without or with minimal sample preparation (LOD range: 0.22-1.48 ng).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Wei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China
| | - Junjie Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China
| | - Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China.
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Guo Y, Li S, Chen H, Wang Y, Cao S, Zhao Y. Gas-phase fragmentation of protonated 3-phenoxy imidazo[1,2-a] pyridines using tandem mass spectrometry and computational chemistry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4794. [PMID: 34881486 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine is one of the pharmaceutically important scaffolds and has been widely studied due to its extensive biological activities. In this work, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in positive mode was used to study the gas-phase fragmentation behavior of a series of 3-phenoxy imidazo[1,2-a] pyridines. Proposed fragmentation pathways were supported by ESI-MS/MS data and computational thermochemistry. Homolytic cleavage of the 3-phenoxy C-O bond was the characteristic fragmentation of 3-phenoxy imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines. The eliminations of the one substituted phenoxy radical and CO produced other diagnostic ions for 3-phenoxy imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines, which were useful to identify the 3-phenoxy group and imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine scaffold. The results contribute to the further understanding of the gas-phase fragmentation of 3-phenoxy imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines and the identification of other analogs using tandem mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Guo
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shigai Li
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuexiu Wang
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Cao
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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7
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Zhang D, Lu Y, Wang J, Gong C, Hou X, Zhang X, Chen J. Revisiting the Hitherto Elusive Cyclohexanehexone Molecule: Bulk Synthesis, Mass Spectrometry, and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9848-9852. [PMID: 34606260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cyclohexanehexone (C6O6) octahydrate molecule was claimed to be synthesized as early as 1862. However, the chemical in the 1862 study and the chemicals used in most of the existing studies and sold by most chemical vendors are actually dodecahydroxycyclohexane dihydrate (C6(OH)12·2H2O). Here we revisit our bulk synthesis method of C6O6 by the dehydration of the C6(OH)12·2H2O material, and report the mass spectrum of C6O6 that has been highly challenging to obtain owing to its high sensitivity toward ambient conditions. A new home-built electrospray ionization mass spectrometry setup in a glovebox is utilized to detect C6O6 in the form of C6O6H-. Tandem mass spectrometry MSn (n = 2-4) presents consecutive losses of CO molecules, further confirming the structure of C6O6. Theoretical calculations are performed to recover the chemical bonding of C6O6 and to rationalize the synthetic method. This work provides a benchmark understanding of the historically elusive C6O6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong Lu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chu Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuesen Hou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Freitas D, Chen X, Cheng H, Davis A, Fallon B, Yan X. Recent Advances of In-Source Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2021; 86:434-445. [PMID: 33689239 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenation of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool to study redox processes. Approaches that can achieve this hyphenation include integrating chromatography/electrophoresis between electroinduced redox reactions and detection of products, coupling an EC flow cell to a mass spectrometer, and performing electrochemical reactions inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The first two approaches have been well reviewed elsewhere. This Minireview highlights the inherent electrochemical properties of many mass spectrometry ion sources and their roles in the coupling of electrochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis. Development of modified ion sources that allow the compatibility of electrochemistry with ionization processes is also surveyed. Applications of different in-source electrochemical devices are provided including intermediate capturing, bioanalytical studies, nanoparticle formation, electrosynthesis, and electrode imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Blake Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Frank‐Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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10
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Wang Y, Sun J, Qiao J, Ouyang J, Na N. A "Soft" and "Hard" Ionization Method for Comprehensive Studies of Molecules. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14095-14099. [PMID: 30422630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry can be rapidly and directly effective for molecular studies, while there still seems to be a gap between two major groups of electrospray ionization (ESI)- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-related techniques, for detection of moderately polar to polar and low polar to nonpolar molecules in a relatively low mass range, respectively. Here, an extensively applicable "soft" and "hard" ionization method, spray-dependent plasma mass spectrometry (SDP MS), was established for detecting various molecules with diverse polarities or molecular weights. By SDP MS, both fragment ions and intact molecular ions can be obtained. Significantly, cluster ions of aggregates in high mass range formed by weak molecular interactions can also be well recorded, much softer than traditional ESI MS. By filling the gap between ESI-based and APCI-based ionization techniques, SDP MS would enhance MS performance for comprehensive molecular studies and be extensively applicable in fields of organic synthesis, biological chemistry, medical chemistry, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Pei J, Zhang R, Hsu C, Wang Y. Mass Spectrometry-Inspired Degradation of Disinfection By-Product, 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, in Drinking Water by Heating. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2018; 7:A0068. [PMID: 29977665 PMCID: PMC6018241 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), a highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product, was degraded during the electrospray process by elevating the source temperature. This unexpected finding inspired us to use heating to degrade DCBQs in drinking water. The results show that about 99% of DCBQs in the drinking water were degraded in one minute by heating to 100°C with room light irradiation. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that heating enables the degradation of DCBQs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
| | - Chengchih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
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