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Suzuki S, Tanaka R, Shu R, Naota T. Stimuli-Induced Controls of Magnetic and Photophysical Properties Using Liquescent Open-Shell Ionic Molecular Systems. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400132. [PMID: 38548656 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the remarkable properties of liquescent open-shell ionic molecular systems, emphasizing the magnetic and photophysical characteristics arising from their associated structures in the condensed state under various conditions. Well-investigated open-shell molecules, namely, phenothiazine, dihydrophenazine, and tetrathiafulvalene radical cations, and bis(malononitriledithiolato)nickel(III) anionic complexes were examined, and the concept of liquescent open-shell ionic molecular systems was devised. Transformations in their associated structures are induced by external stimuli, resulting in significant variations in their physical properties. These experimental findings open new avenues for exploring and applying stimuli-responsive molecule-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ritsuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ruifeng Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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Suzuki S, Sakai T, Takagi S, Naota T. On-Demand Control of Short-Wave Infrared Light Transparency Based on Stimuli-Responsive Association of Tetrathiafulvalene Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308570. [PMID: 37436067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The light-transmissive properties of a solid-state tetrathiafulvalene radical cation-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-C5 ⋅+ ⋅ NTf2 - , underwent instantaneous changes in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region (1000-2500 nm) upon exposure to solvent vapor or the application of mechanostress at room temperature. The initial solid state of 1-C5 ⋅+ ⋅ NTf2 - exhibited strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR; 700-1000 nm) and SWIR regions, whereas the absorption in the SWIR region was significantly diminished in the stimulated state induced by dichloromethane vapor. Upon cessation of vapor stimulation, the solid state spontaneously and promptly reverted to its original state, characterized by absorption bands in the NIR/SWIR region. Moreover, the SWIR absorption was absent upon the application of mechanical stress using a steel spatula. The reversal was fast and occurred within 10 s. These changes were visualized using a SWIR imaging camera under 1450-nm light irradiation. Experimental investigations demonstrated that the transparency to the SWIR light in the solid states was modulated through significant structural transformations of the associated radical cations, with transitions between columnar and isolated π-dimer structures under ambient and stimulated conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sota Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Wright IA, Etherington MK, Batsanov AS, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Oxidation State Tuning of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide Dimers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300428. [PMID: 36916635 PMCID: PMC10946842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic dimers consisting of combinations of butterfly-shaped phenothiazine (PTZ) and its chemically oxidized form phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (PTZ(SO2 )) have been synthesized. A twist is imposed across the dimers by ortho-substituents including methyl ethers, sulfides and sulfones. X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and optical spectroscopy, underpinned by computational studies, have been employed to study the interplay between the oxidation state, conformational restriction, and emission mechanisms including thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). While the PTZ(SO2 ) dimers are simple fluorophores, the presence of PTZ induces triplet-mediated emission with a mixed PTZ-PTZ(SO2 ) dimer displaying concentration dependent hallmarks of both TADF and RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Wright
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Marc K. Etherington
- Department of PhysicsDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityEllison PlaceNewcastle upon TyneNE1 8STUK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Naota T. Intriguing Properties and Functionalities of Extremely Stable Radical Cation Species. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | | | - Takeshi Naota
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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Kataoka S, Suzuki S, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Matsumoto T, Asano MS, Yoshihara T, Kitamura C, Kato SI. S,C,C- and O,C,C-Bridged Triarylamines and Their Persistent Radical Cations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12559-12568. [PMID: 34465083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis, crystal structures, and electronic properties of structurally constrained S,C,C- and O,C,C-bridged triarylamine derivatives and their persistent radical cations. O,C,C-Bridged triphenylamines and a dinaphthylphenylamine were obtained through a straightforward synthetic protocol. Similar to a previously reported S,C,C-bridged triphenylamine, the O,C,C-bridged triarylamines were easily oxidized to afford the corresponding radical cations, which were obtained as hexachloroantimonate salts. X-ray crystallographic analyses showed almost planar structures for these O,C,C-bridged triarylamine radical cations, which represent new members of the family of planar triarylamine radical cations without substituents on the aryl rings. Detailed investigations of the electronic properties of the S,C,C- and O,C,C-bridged triarylamine radical cations demonstrated that the spin and positive charge are sufficiently delocalized over the planar triarylamine scaffolds. The results provide the following insights into the effects of the bridging unit (sulfur vs oxygen) and the dibenzo-annulation on the spin delocalization in the bridged triarylamine radical cations: (1) An effective decrease of the spin density on the nitrogen atom is observed for the sulfur bridge relative to the oxygen bridge; and (2) a moderate decrease of the spin density on the oxygen atom rather than the nitrogen atom is induced by the dibenzo-annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Kataoka
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsumoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Motoko S Asano
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Kitamura
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
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Sailani R. Spectrophotometric Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Chlorpromazine Radical Cation with Hexachloroiridate (IV) in Catalyzed Aqueous Acid Medium. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sailani
- Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 INDIA
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Suzuki S, Yamaguchi D, Uchida Y, Naota T. Hysteretic Control of Near‐infrared Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8284-8288. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Daiki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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8
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Suzuki S, Yamaguchi D, Uchida Y, Naota T. Hysteretic Control of Near‐infrared Transparency Using a Liquescent Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Daiki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Okada K. Structures and Electronic Properties of Diisopropylaminoborane Substituted with Highly Electron-Rich π-Conjugated Systems and Their Oxidized States. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Tahara T, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Shiomi D, Sugisaki K, Sato K, Takui T, Miyake Y, Hosokoshi Y, Nojiri H, Okada K. Triplet Diradical-Cation Salts Consisting of the Phenothiazine Radical Cation and a Nitronyl Nitroxide. Chemistry 2019; 25:7201-7209. [PMID: 30924188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The spin-spin and magnetic properties of two (nitronyl nitroxide)-(di-p-anisylamine-phenothiazine) diradical cation salts, (DAA-PTZ)+ -NN⋅MBr4 - (M=Ga, Fe), have been investigated. These diradical-cation species were prepared by the cross-coupling of iodophenothiazine DAA-PTZ-I with NN-AuPPh3 followed by oxidation with the thianthrenium radical cation (TA+ ⋅MBr4 - ). These salts were found to be highly stable under aerobic conditions. For the GaBr4 salt, large ferromagnetic intramolecular and small antiferromagnetic intermolecular interactions (J1 /kB =+320 K and J2 /kB =-2 K, respectively) were observed. The magnetic property of the Fe3+ salt was analyzed by using a six-spin model assuming identical intramolecular exchange interaction (J3 /kB =+320 K) and the other exchange interactions (J4 /kB =-7 K and J5 /kB =-4 K). A significant color change was observed in the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra upon electrochemical oxidation of the doublet DAA-PTZ-NN to the triplet (DAA-PTZ)+ -NN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tahara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Present address: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yota Miyake
- Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosokoshi
- Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nojiri
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute, for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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