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Naik P, García-Lacuna J, O’Neill P, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Oxidation of Alcohols Using TEMPO/NaOCl for the Selective and Scalable Synthesis of Aldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:1587-1596. [PMID: 38783858 PMCID: PMC11110051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple and benign continuous flow oxidation protocol for the selective conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into their respective aldehyde and ketone products is reported. This approach makes use of catalytic amounts of TEMPO in combination with sodium bromide and sodium hypochlorite in a biphasic solvent system. A variety of substrates are tolerated including those containing heterocycles based on potentially sensitive nitrogen and sulfur moieties. The flow approach can be coupled with inline reactive extraction by formation of the carbonyl-bisulfite adduct which aids in separation of remaining substrate or other impurities. Process robustness is evaluated for the preparation of phenylpropanal at decagram scale, a trifluoromethylated oxazole building block as well as a late-stage intermediate for the anti-HIV drug maraviroc which demonstrates the potential value of this continuous oxidation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Naik
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Jorge García-Lacuna
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | | | - Marcus Baumann
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin,
Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E5, Ireland
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2
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Chu C, Liu C, Sun H, Qin C, Yang T, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Li Y, Jia ZR. A Facile Oxidation of Tertiary Amines to Lactams by Using Sodium Chlorite: Process Improvement by Precise pH Adjustment with CO2. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBy using cheap and innocuous sodium chlorite, a series of tertiary amines have been oxidized to the corresponding lactams with good selectivity and high yield. In this method, neither transition-metal catalyst nor oxidant was used. In the oxidation step, the pH of the sodium chlorite was precisely adjusted to pH around 6 using CO2, such pH is a compromise between oxidative properties, chemical stability, and unwanted precipitation. In addition, buffer salts are not necessary, which allows this oxidation reaction to be performed under safe and environmentally benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhu Chu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Haozhou Sun
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheng Qin
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Tiannuo Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yani Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
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3
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Chen J, Zhu M, Xiang F, Li J, Yang H, Mao Z. Research Progress on Microreactor Technology in Oxidation Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210319092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of the chemical industry has been moving in a
green, safe and efficient direction. Oxidation reactions are one of the most important types of
reactions and have key applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, and petrochemicals. However,
the occurrence of the oxidation reaction is accompanied by a strong exothermic phenomenon,
and improper control can easily lead to safety problems and even explosions. The
realization of an environmentally friendly oxidation reaction is a key industrial milestone.
The unique structural characteristics of microreactors result in good mass and heat transfer
performance, precise control of the reaction temperature, reduced risk of explosion, improved
safety production and selectivity of products. These unique advantages of the microreactor
determine its significant application value in oxidation reactions. In this paper, the research
progress of several typical oxidation reactions, including alkane oxidation, alcohol oxidation,
aldosterone oxidation, aromatics oxidation and olefin oxidation combined with microreactors,
is reviewed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Mengjing Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Fuwei Xiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Junfeng Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Zhipeng Mao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
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4
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Dixit RJ, Singh A, Ramani VK, Basu S. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of furfural paired with photoelectrochemical oxidation of water and furfural in batch and flow cells. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous formation of furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid was achieved from electrocatalytic hydrogenation and photoelectrochemical oxidation of furfural, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ji Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijay K. Ramani
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, Missouri, USA
| | - Suddhasatwa Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
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5
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Danahy KE, Styduhar ED, Fodness AM, Heckman LM, Jamison TF. On-Demand Generation and Use in Continuous Synthesis of the Ambiphilic Nitrogen Source Chloramine. Org Lett 2020; 22:8392-8395. [PMID: 33086788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the on-demand synthesis of chloramine from aqueous ammonia and sodium hypochlorite solutions, and its subsequent utilization as an ambiphilic nitrogen source in continuous-flow synthesis. Despite its advantages in cost and atom economy, chloramine has not seen widespread use in batch synthesis due to its unstable and hazardous nature. Continuous-flow chemistry, however, provides an excellent platform for generating and handling chloramine in a safe, reliable, and inexpensive manner. Unsaturated aldehydes are converted to valuable aziridines and nitriles, and thioethers are converted to sulfoxides, in moderate to good yields and exceedingly short reaction times. In this telescoped process, chloramine is generated in situ and immediately used, providing safe and efficient conditions for reaction scale-up while mitigating the issue of its decomposition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley E Danahy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Evan D Styduhar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Aria M Fodness
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Laurel M Heckman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
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Geng Z, Zhang HY, Yin G, Zhang Y, Zhao J. A one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles via aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with o-phenylenediamines catalyzed by [MIMPs]+Cl-/NaNO2/TEMPO. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820912163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium chloride ([MIMPs]+Cl-) in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as a catalytic system demonstrates high efficiency in the one-pot two-step aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with 1,2-phenylenediamines to give benzimidazoles. Various benzimidazoles are obtained in good to excellent yields by this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Geng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hong-yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Sofack Kreutzer J, Vanoye L, Guicheret B, Philippe R, Metay E, Duclos MC, Lemaire M, De Bellefon C, Fongarland P, Favre-Réguillon A. Continuous flow aerobic alcohol oxidation using a heterogeneous Ru 0 catalyst. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Stable Ru0 on γ-Al2O3 has been used for the selective aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in flow.
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Jolley KE, Chapman MR, Blacker AJ. A general and atom-efficient continuous-flow approach to prepare amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2220-2228. [PMID: 30202475 PMCID: PMC6122332 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloramines are an important class of reagents, providing a convenient source of chlorine or electrophilic nitrogen. However, the instability of these compounds is a problem which makes their isolation and handling difficult. To overcome these hazards, a continuous-flow approach is reported which generates and immediately reacts N-chloramines directly, avoiding purification and isolation steps. 2-Chloramines were produced from the reaction of styrenes with N-alkyl-N-sulfonyl-N-chloramines, whilst N-alkyl or N,N'-dialkyl-N-chloramines reacted with anisaldehyde in the presence of t-BuO2H oxidant to afford amides. Primary and secondary imines were produced under continuous conditions from the reaction of N-chloramines with base, with one example subsequently reduced under asymmetric conditions to produce a chiral amine in 94% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Jolley
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Chapman
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A John Blacker
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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