1
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Kotera N, Montellano P, Catalán AC, Carrasco-Ruiz A, Cervantes R, Tiburcio J. Correlated translational motions in pseudo-rotaxane complexes controlled by a single chemical stimulus. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1135-1140. [PMID: 38047705 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated motions are essential in the operation of molecular machines. This feature can be achieved by landscaping the energy surface along the movement coordinates. Herein, we present an approach of using a single stimulus to modify the free energy curve describing the threading and shuttling of a ring along a linear molecule. This approach has been realized by locating two identical ring-binding sites near the axle termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kotera
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Pilar Montellano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Aldo C Catalán
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Anayeli Carrasco-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apizaco 90341, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Ruy Cervantes
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Tiburcio
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
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2
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Bunchuay T, Khianjinda T, Srisawat P, Tse YC, Gateley C, Beer PD. Enhanced anion recognition by ammonium [2]catenane functionalisation of a halogen bonding acyclic receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13615-13618. [PMID: 37901989 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium-dibenzo[24]crown-8 [2]catenane functionalisation of a 3,5-bis-iodotriazole-pyridine motif produces a potent halogen bonding (XB) receptor capable of binding anions in aqueous-acetone solvent mixtures of up to 20% water. Exploiting the kinetically inert nature of the mechanically bonded cationic ammonium [2]catenane substituents, the XB receptor is demonstrated to exhibit superior anion recognition behaviour in comparison to labile sodium cation complexed bis-benzo[15]crown-5 XB and HB triazole-pyridine heteroditopic receptor analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapat Khianjinda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pasit Srisawat
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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3
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Dhara A, Dmitrienko A, Hussein RN, Sotomayor A, Wilson BH, Loeb SJ. A translationally active ligand based on a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle with a 2,2'-bipyridyl core. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7215-7220. [PMID: 37416700 PMCID: PMC10321530 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01346d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A rigid H-shaped, [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle comprised of an axle containing two benzimidazole recognition sites and a central 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) group interlocked with a 24-crown-8 (24C8) wheel was synthesized using a threading followed by stoppering protocol. The central bipy chelating unit was shown to act as a speed bump that raised the barrier to shuttling for the [2]rotaxane. Coordination of a PtCl2 moiety to the bipy unit in a square planar geometry created an insurmountable steric barrier to shuttling. Addition of one equivalent of NaB(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 removed one of the chloride ligands allowing for translation of the crown ether along the axle into the coordination sphere of the Pt(ii) centre but full shuttling of the crown ether could not be activated. In contrast, addition of Zn(ii) ions in a coordinating solvent (DMF) allowed shuttling to occur using a ligand exchange mechanism. DFT calculations showed this likely occurs via coordination of the 24C8 macrocycle to the Zn(ii) centre bound to the bipy chelate. This interplay of the rotaxane axle and wheel components is an example of a translationally active ligand that utilises the large amplitude displacement of a macrocycle along an axle in a molecular shuttle to access ligand coordination modes not possible with conventional ligand designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Rahaf N Hussein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Ariel Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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4
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Leanza L, Perego C, Pesce L, Salvalaglio M, von Delius M, Pavan GM. Into the dynamics of rotaxanes at atomistic resolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6716-6729. [PMID: 37350834 PMCID: PMC10283497 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically-interlocked molecules (MIMs) are at the basis of artificial molecular machines and are attracting increasing interest for various applications, from catalysis to drug delivery and nanoelectronics. MIMs are composed of mechanically-interconnected molecular sub-parts that can move with respect to each other, imparting these systems innately dynamical behaviors and interesting stimuli-responsive properties. The rational design of MIMs with desired functionalities requires studying their dynamics at sub-molecular resolution and on relevant timescales, which is challenging experimentally and computationally. Here, we combine molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations to reconstruct the thermodynamics and kinetics of different types of MIMs at atomistic resolution under different conditions. As representative case studies, we use rotaxanes and molecular shuttles substantially differing in structure, architecture, and dynamical behavior. Our computational approach provides results in agreement with the available experimental evidence and a direct demonstration of the critical effect of the solvent on the dynamics of the MIMs. At the same time, our simulations unveil key factors controlling the dynamics of these systems, providing submolecular-level insights into the mechanisms and kinetics of shuttling. Reconstruction of the free-energy profiles from the simulations reveals details of the conformations of macrocycles on the binding site that are difficult to access via routine experiments and precious for understanding the MIMs' behavior, while their decomposition in enthalpic and entropic contributions unveils the mechanisms and key transitions ruling the intermolecular movements between metastable states within them. The computational framework presented herein is flexible and can be used, in principle, to study a variety of mechanically-interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Leanza
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
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5
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Takiguchi N, Yamazaki S, Murata M, Kawano S, Shizuma M, Muraoka M. Controlling the Molecular Shuttling of pH‐Responsive [2]Rotaxanes with Two Different Stations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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6
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Dynamic network of intermolecular interactions in metal-organic frameworks functionalized by molecular machines. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4426. [PMID: 35776789 PMCID: PMC10883363 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines enable external control of structural and dynamic phenomena at the atomic level. To efficiently transfer their tunable properties into designated functionalities, a detailed understanding of the impact of molecular embedding is needed. In particular, a comprehensive insight is fundamental to design hierarchical multifunctional systems that are inspired by biological cells. Here, we applied an on-the-fly trained force field to perform atomistic simulations of a systematically modified rotaxane functionalized metal-organic framework. Our atomistic studies reveal a symmetric and asymmetric interplay of the mechanically bonded rings (MBRs) within the framework depending on the local environment. As a result, their translational motion is modulated ranging from fast oscillatory behavior to cooperative and potentially directed shuttling. The derived picture of competitive interactions, which influence the operation mechanism of the MBRs embedded in these soft porous materials, promotes the development of responsive functional materials, which is a key step toward intelligent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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Woźny M, Trzybiński D, Dąbrowa K, Narodowiec J, Woźniak K. Monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 and its properties. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5308-5318. [PMID: 35730366 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method for preparing a monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 ether, SDB24C8, by direct sulfonation of the parent crown (DB24C8). Since neutral DB24C8 readily interacts with cationic guests, permanently charged SDB24C8 is an advantageous candidate for future supramolecular applications. SDB24C8 can be isolated as a sulfonic acid to be used as it is or converted to a salt of choice. The crystallographic analysis provides the first known host-guest assembly with a DB24C8-based scaffold complexing hydronium and potassium cations. Supramolecular investigations of the interactions of this anionic macrocycle with alkali cations were also performed. According to the expectations, the introduction of the sulfonic group into the DB24C8 scaffold increases the affinities of the receptor. An unusual selectivity of SDB24C8 towards a sodium cation was also observed and further investigated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woźny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - D Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - K Dąbrowa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Narodowiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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8
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Fadler RE, Flood AH. Rigidity and Flexibility in Rotaxanes and Their Relatives; On Being Stubborn and Easy-Going. Front Chem 2022; 10:856173. [PMID: 35464214 PMCID: PMC9022846 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.856173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are an emerging class of molecules composed of two building blocks: macrocycles and threads. Rotaxanes, and their pseudorotaxane and polyrotaxane relatives, serve as prototypes for molecular-level switches and machines and as components in materials like elastic polymers and 3D printing inks. The rigidity and flexibility of these molecules is a characteristic feature of their design. However, the mechanical properties of the assembled rotaxane and its components are rarely examined directly, and the translation of these properties from molecules to bulk materials is understudied. In this Review, we consider the mechanical properties of rotaxanes by making use of concepts borrowed from physical organic chemistry. Rigid molecules have fewer accessible conformations with higher energy barriers while flexible molecules have more accessible conformations and lower energy barriers. The macrocycles and threads become rigidified when threaded together as rotaxanes in which the formation of intermolecular interactions and increased steric contacts collectively reduce the conformational space and raise barriers. Conversely, rotational and translational isomerism in rotaxanes adds novel modes of flexibility. We find that rigidification in rotaxanes is almost universal, but novel degrees of flexibility can be introduced. Both have roles to play in the function of rotaxanes.
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9
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Chen S, Su D, Jia C, Li Y, Li X, Guo X, Leigh DA, Zhang L. Real-time observation of the dynamics of an individual rotaxane molecular shuttle using a single-molecule junction. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. On-the-Fly Training of Atomistic Potentials for Flexible and Mechanically Interlocked Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7010-7020. [PMID: 34613742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have gained significant attention because of their unique ability to perform well-defined motions originating from their entanglement, which is important for the design of artificial molecular machines. Atomistic simulations based on force fields (FFs) provide detailed insights into such architectures at the molecular level enabling one to predict the resulting functionalities. However, the development of reliable FFs is still challenging and time-consuming, in particular for highly dynamic and interlocked structures such as rotaxanes, which exhibit a large number of different conformers. In the present work, we present an on-the-fly training (OTFT) algorithm. By a guided and nonguided phase space sampling, relevant reference data are automatically and continuously generated and included for the on-the-fly parametrization of the FF based on a population swapping genetic algorithm (psGA). The OTFT approach provides a fast and automated FF parametrization scheme and tackles problems caused by missing phase space information or the need for big data. We demonstrate the high accuracy of the developed FF for flexible molecules with respect to equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium properties. Finally, by applying the ab initio parametrized FF, molecular dynamic simulations were performed up to experimentally relevant time scales (ca. 1 μs) enabling capture in detail of the structural evaluation and mapping out of the free-energy topology. The on-the-fly training approach thus provides a strong foundation toward automated FF developments and large-scale investigations of phenomena in and out of thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Wilson BH, Abdulla LM, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Translational dynamics of a non-degenerate molecular shuttle imbedded in a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3944-3951. [PMID: 34163664 PMCID: PMC8179482 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle linker based on the binding of a 24-crown-8 ether macrocycle at a benzimidazole recognition site was synthesised. The shuttling dynamics of the linker were studied in solution and the structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A multivariate Zr(iv) MOF, UWDM-11, containing the new MIM linker and primary linker tetramethylterphenyldicarboxylate was synthesised and the translational motion of the molecular shuttle studied in the solid state. The use of a 13C enriched MIM linker allowed the dynamics of both activated and mesitylene-solvated UWDM-11 to be elucidated by VT 13C CPMAS SSNMR. The incorporation of mesitylene into the pores of UWDM-11 resulted in a significant increase in the barrier for thermally driven translation of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Louae M Abdulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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12
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Gaedke M, Hupatz H, Schröder HV, Suhr S, Hoffmann KF, Valkonen A, Sarkar B, Riedel S, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Dual-stimuli pseudorotaxane switches under kinetic control. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dual-stimuli pseudorotaxane switches: Threaded complexes dissociate upon deprotonation or oxidation. A mechanical bond changes the influence of a ‘speed bump’ on the outcome of a switching event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Henrik Hupatz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Simon Suhr
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Kurt F. Hoffmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
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13
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Wilson BH, Vojvodin CS, Gholami G, Abdulla LM, O’Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Precise Spatial Arrangement and Interaction between Two Different Mobile Components in a Metal-Organic Framework. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Gholami G, Wilson BH, Zhu K, O'Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Exploring the dynamics of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks containing mechanically interlocked molecular shuttles. Faraday Discuss 2020; 225:358-370. [PMID: 33089860 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zr(iv) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-68 and PCN-57, containing triphenylene dicarboxylate (TPDC) and tetramethyl-triphenylene dicarboxylate (TTDC) linkers, respectively, were doped with an H-shaped tetracarboxylate linker that contains a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle. The new MOFs, UWDM-8 and UWDM-9, contain a [2]rotaxane crossbar spanning the tetrahedral cavities of the fcu topology while the octahedral cavities remain empty. 13C solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra and solution 1H NMR spectra verified that the [2]rotaxanes were included as designed. Variable-temperature (VT) cross polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) 13C SSNMR was used to explore the translational motion of the macrocyclic ring in both MOFs. The SSNMR results clearly show that the structure of the linker (TPDCvs.TTDC) affects the shuttling rate of the macrocyclic ring, although questions remain as to how rotation of the central phenylene unit of the strut might also affect the motion of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Gholami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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15
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Douarre M, Martí-Centelles V, Rossy C, Tron A, Pianet I, McClenaghan ND. Macrocyclic Hamilton receptor-shuttling dynamics in [2]rotaxanes. Supramol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2020.1834560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Douarre
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS (UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux , Talence, France
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS (UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux , Talence, France
| | - Cybille Rossy
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS (UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux , Talence, France
| | - Arnaud Tron
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS (UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux , Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Pianet
- IRAMAT (UMR 5060), Maison De l’Archéologie, Université Bordeaux Montaigne , Pessac, France
| | - Nathan D. McClenaghan
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS (UMR 5255), University of Bordeaux , Talence, France
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16
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17
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Guo Y, Fu H, Shao X, Cai W. Unveiling the Hidden Movements in the Shuttling of Rotaxanes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Ye J, Zhang R, Yang W, Han Y, Guo H, Xie J, Yan C, Yao Y. Pillar[5]arene-based [3]rotaxanes: Convenient construction via multicomponent reaction and pH responsive self-assembly in water. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Santra S, Ghosh P. Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes: post-synthetic functionalization, conformational fluxionality and metal ion chelation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes form an exciplex upon interpenetration and the exciplex signals are used to monitor the chelation properties of the interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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20
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Kumpulainen T, Panman MR, Bakker BH, Hilbers M, Woutersen S, Brouwer AM. Accelerating the Shuttling in Hydrogen-Bonded Rotaxanes: Active Role of the Axle and the End Station. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19118-19129. [PMID: 31697078 PMCID: PMC6923795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
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The relation between the chemical structure and the mechanical
behavior of molecular machines is of paramount importance for a rational
design of superior nanomachines. Here, we report on a mechanistic
study of a nanometer scale translational movement in two bistable
rotaxanes. Both rotaxanes consist of a tetra-amide macrocycle interlocked
onto a polyether axle. The macrocycle can shuttle between an initial
succinamide station and a 3,6-dihydroxy- or 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide end stations. Translocation of the macrocycle
is controlled by a hydrogen-bonding equilibrium between the stations.
The equilibrium can be perturbed photochemically by either intermolecular
proton or electron transfer depending on the system. To the best of
our knowledge, utilization of proton transfer from a conventional
photoacid for the operation of a molecular machine is demonstrated
for the first time. The shuttling dynamics are monitored by means
of UV–vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopies. The polyether
axle accelerates the shuttling by ∼70% compared to a structurally
similar rotaxane with an all-alkane thread of the same length. The
acceleration is attributed to a decrease in activation energy due
to an early transition state where the macrocycle partially hydrogen
bonds to the ether group of the axle. The dihydroxyrotaxane exhibits
the fastest shuttling speed over a nanometer distance (τshuttling ≈ 30 ns) reported to date. The shuttling in
this case is proposed to take place via a so-called harpooning mechanism
where the transition state involves a folded conformation due to the
hydrogen-bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the end
station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R Panman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bert H Bakker
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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21
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Baggi G, Casimiro L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A, Loeb SJ. Threading-gated photochromism in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5104-5113. [PMID: 31183062 PMCID: PMC6524668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid, Y-shaped imidazole compounds containing the bis(thienyl)ethene moiety were designed and synthesized. The 4,5-bis(benzothienyl)-2-phenylimidazolium cations were then used as axles for [2]pseudorotaxane formation with 24-membered crown ether wheels. It was demonstrated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies that this host-guest interaction results in significant changes in the photochromic properties of the imidazolium axles. This is a rare example of gated photochromism, which exploits the recognition event of an interpenetrated molecular system to tune the photochromic properties in one of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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22
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Credi A. A Molecular Cable Car for Transmembrane Ion Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4108-4110. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for light activated nanostructuresUniversità di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresUniversità di Bologna und Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italien
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24
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Klein HA, Kuhn H, Beer PD. Anion and pH dependent molecular motion by a halogen bonding [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9975-9978. [PMID: 31367706 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bistable [2]rotaxane containing a halogen bonding benzimidazole-iodotriazole station directly conjugated to a naphthalimide station axle component is demonstrated to undergo macrocycle shuttling translocation only upon both protonation and chloride anion recognition. A naked-eye detectable colour response results from the co-conformational change of the host structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Klein
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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25
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Langer P, Yang L, Pfeiffer CR, Lewis W, Champness NR. Restricting shuttling in bis(imidazolium)…pillar[5]arene rotaxanes using metal coordination. Dalton Trans 2018; 48:58-64. [PMID: 30403248 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal coordination to a series of bis (imidazolium)…pillar[5]arene [2]rotaxanes through the formation of metal-carbene bonds facilitates a new strategy to restrict the shuttling motion in [2]rotaxanes. Whereas the pillar[5]arene macrocycle rapidly shuttles along the full length of the bis (imidazolium) rod for the parent [2]rotaxane, Ag(i) coordination to the imidazolium groups through the formation of N-heterocyclic carbenes leads to restricted motion, effectively confining the shuttling motion of the [2]rotaxane. The Ag(i) coordinated [2]rotaxanes can be reacted further, either removing the Ag-carbene species to recreate the parent [2]rotaxane, or reaction with more bulky Pd(ii) species to further restrict the shuttling motion through steric inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Langer
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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26
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Ogoshi T, Kotera D, Nishida S, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Brouwer AM. Spacer Length-Independent Shuttling of the Pillar[5]arene Ring in Neutral [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2018; 24:6325-6329. [PMID: 29473232 PMCID: PMC5947626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For a series of neutral [2]rotaxanes consisting of a pillar[5]arene ring and axles possessing two stations separated by flexible spacers of different lengths, the free energies of activation for the ring shuttling between the stations were found to be independent of the spacer length. The constitution of the spacer affects the activation energies: replacement of CH2 groups by repulsive oxygen atoms in the axle increases the barrier. The explanation for the observed length‐independence lies in the presence of a barrier for re‐forming the stable co‐conformation, which makes the ring travel back and forth along the thread in an intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotera
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shungo Nishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Adlung M, Wickleder C, Schmittel M. Oscillating Emission of [2]Rotaxane Driven by Chemical Fuel. Org Lett 2018; 20:1046-1049. [PMID: 29384684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular shuttle consisting of a dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycle and an axle with two degenerate peripheral triazolium stations, a central dibenzyl ammonium station, and two anthracenes stoppers was exposed to 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid as a chemical fuel. Protonation/deprotonation of the amine reversibly switches the rotaxane from a static and little emissive to a dynamic fluorescent shuttling device, the latter exhibiting rapid motion (15 kHz at 25 °C). Four fuel cycles were run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Matthias Adlung
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Anorganische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Anorganische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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28
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Pastor A, Bautista D, Berna J. Light-driven exchange between extended and contracted lasso-like isomers of a bistable [1]rotaxane. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6980-6987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A photoactive hydrogen-bonded lasso having an amide-based [1]rotaxane structure has been constructed from acyclic precursors through a self-templating approach. The stability, structural integrity and switching are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | | | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
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