Supramolecular assembly affording a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe for quantitative detection and bioimaging

Responsive β-Diketonate-europium(III) Complex-Based Probe for Time-Gated Luminescence Detection and Imaging of Hydrogen Sulfide In Vitro and In Vivo

As a crucial biological gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in many pathological and physiological processes. Highly selective and sensitive detection of H2S is significant for the precise diagnosis and evaluation of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, challenges remain in view of the interference of autofluorescence in organisms and the stronger reactivity of H2S itself. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel H2S-responsive β-diketonate-europium(III) complex-based probe, [Eu(DNB-Npketo)3(terpy)], for background-free time-gated luminescence (TGL) detection and imaging of H2S in autofluorescence-rich biological samples. The probe, consisting of a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNB) group coupled to a β-diketonate-europium(III) complex, shows almost no luminescence owing to the existence of intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. The cleavage of the DNB group by a H2S-triggered reaction results in the recovery of the long-lived luminescence of the Eu3+ complex, allowing the detection of H2S in complicated biological samples to be performed in TGL mode. The probe showed a fast response, high specificity, and high sensitivity toward H2S, which enabled it to be successfully used for the quantitative TGL detection of H2S in tissue homogenates of mouse organs. Additionally, the low cytotoxicity of the probe allowed it to be further used for the TGL imaging of H2S in living cells and mice under different stimuli. All of the results suggested the potential of the probe for the investigation and diagnosis of H2S-related diseases.

Monofluorophore-based Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Quantitative Imaging of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in Live Neurons and Mouse Brain Tissues

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a crucial role in the metabolism of the endocannabinoid system by hydrolyzing a series of bioactive amides, whose abnormal levels are associated with neuronal disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to the lack of suitable quantitative sensing tools, real-time and accurate monitoring of the activity of FAAH in living systems remains unresolved. Herein, a novel enzyme-activated near-infrared two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (CANP) based on a naphthylvinylpyridine monofluorophore is successfully developed, in which the electron-withdrawing amide moiety is prone to be hydrolyzed to an electron-donating amine group under the catalysis of FAAH, leading to the activation of the intramolecular charge transfer process and the emergence of a new 80 nm red-shifted emission, thereby achieving a ratiometric luminescence response. Benefiting from the high selectivity, high sensitivity, and ratiometric response to FAAH, the probe CANP is successfully used to quantitatively monitor and image the FAAH levels in living neurons, by which an amyloid β (Aβ)-induced upregulation of endogenous FAAH activity is observed. Similar increases in FAAH activity are found in various brain regions of AD model mice, indicating a potential fatty acid amide metabolite-involved pathway for the pathological deterioration of AD. Moreover, our quantitative FAAH inhibition experiments further demonstrate the great value of CANP as an efficient visual probe for in situ and precise assessment of FAAH inhibitors in complex living systems, assisting the discovery of FAAH-related therapeutic agents.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cancer Tissue Based on 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide-MXene-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Electrode

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a signaling molecule that has the capacity to control a variety of biological processes in organisms. Cancer cells release more H2O2 during abnormal tumor growth. There has been a considerable amount of interest in utilizing H2O2 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of cancer tissue. In this study, an electrochemical sensor for H2O2 was constructed based on 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO), MXene (Ti3C2), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite. Three-dimensional (3D) rGO-Ti3C2-MWCNTs sensor showed good linearity for H2O2 in the ranges of 1-60 μM and 60 μM-9.77 mM at a working potential of -0.25 V, with sensitivities of 235.2 µA mM-1 cm-2 and 103.8 µA mM-1 cm-2, respectively, and a detection limit of 0.3 µM (S/N = 3). The sensor exhibited long-term stability, good repeatability, and outstanding immunity to interference. In addition, the modified electrode was employed to detect real-time H2O2 release from cancer cells and cancer tissue ex vivo.

A Quencher-Based Blood-Autofluorescence-Suppression Strategy Enables the Quantification of Trace Analytes in Whole Blood

Precise quantification of trace components in whole blood via fluorescence is of great significance. However, the applicability of current fluorescent probes in whole blood is largely hindered by the strong blood autofluorescence. Here, we proposed a blood autofluorescence-suppressed sensing strategy to develop an activable fluorescent probe for quantification of trace analyte in whole blood. Based on inner filter effect, by screening fluorophores whose absorption overlapped with the emission of blood, a redshift BODIPY quencher with an absorption wavelength ranging from 600-700 nm was selected for its superior quenching efficiency and high brightness. Two 7-nitrobenzo[c] [1,2,5] oxadiazole ether groups were introduced onto the BODIPY skeleton for quenching its fluorescence and the response of H2 S, a gas signal molecule that can hardly be quantified because of its low concentration in whole blood. Such detection system shows a pretty low background signal and high signal-to-back ratio, the probe thus achieved the accurate quantification of endogenous H2 S in 20-fold dilution of whole blood samples, which is the first attempt of quantifying endogenous H2 S in whole blood. Moreover, this autofluorescence-suppressed sensing strategy could be expanded to other trace analytes detection in whole blood, which may accelerate the application of fluorescent probes in clinical blood test.

Elucidation of the key role of isomerization in the self-assembly and luminescence properties of AIEgens

Due to the hierarchical nature of the self-assembly process, it is effective to control assembled nanostructures by tuning the spatial configurations of the building blocks through Z-/E-isomerization. A pair of AIE stereoisomers termed (Z)-/(E)-TPE-UPy was reported with different self-assembly mechanisms, morphologies and luminescence properties. In this study, we present a multiscale modeling combining MD simulations, hybrid QM/MM calculations and the PCM model, to systematically clarify the molecular configuration-molecular assembly-photophysical property relationship of (Z)-/(E)-TPE-UPy. Our study shows that (Z)-TPE-UPy follows a concentration-dependent ring-chain polymerization mechanism. At low concentration, (Z)-TPE-UPy tends to form ring-like (Z)-close-dimers with all H-bond sites occupied, while at high concentration, the H-bond backbone in the chain-like structures is more planar and stronger, making the zig-zag chain-like conformations more favorable. For the (E)-isomer, the H-bond backbone is quite planar and rigid, which makes it linearly elongate one-by-one at the whole range of concentrations via the isodesmic polymerization mechanism. (Z)-TPE-UPy oligomers exhibit large flexibility and diverse conformations, leading to sharply enhanced viscosity at high concentration in experiments. Moreover, the fluorescence spectrum of (Z)-/(E)-TPE-UPy aggregate is conformation-dependent and the enhanced emission in the aggregated state is attributed to the restriction of the low-frequency intramolecular rotations of the phenyl rings and the distortion of the CC plane, as well as the reduction of electron-vibration couplings. Our work not only offers valuable insights into the key role of stereoisomerism in assembled morphologies and luminescence properties, but also provides a theoretical basis for the rational design of new building blocks based on stereoisomers.

Fluorophore-based host-guest assembly complexes for imaging and therapy

Recently, supramolecular chemistry with its unique properties has received considerable attention in many fields. Supramolecular fluorescent systems constructed on the basis of macrocyclic hosts are not only effective in overcoming the limitations of imaging and diagnostic reagents, but also in enhancing their performances. This paper summarizes the recent advances in supramolecular fluorescent systems based on host-guest interactions and their application in bioimaging and therapy as well as the challenges and prospects in developing novel supramolecular fluorescent systems.

Dynamic nanosurface reconfiguration by host-guest supramolecular interactions

The dynamic functionalization of the nanoparticle surface with biocompatible coatings is a critical step towards the development of functional nano-sized systems. While covalent approaches have been broadly exploited in the stabilization of nanoparticle colloidal systems, these strategies hinder the dynamic nanosurface chemical reconfiguration. Supramolecular strategies based on specific host-guest interactions hold promise due to their intrinsic reversibility, self-healing capabilities and modularity. Host/guest couples have recently been implemented in nanoparticle platforms for the exchange and release of effector molecules. However, the direct exchange of biocompatible hydrophilic oligomers (e.g. peptides) for the modulation of the surface charge and chemical properties of nanoparticles still remains a challenge. Here, we show the intracellular reconfiguration of nanoparticles by a host/guest mechanism with biocompatible oligomeric competitors. The surface of gold nanoparticles was functionalized with cyclodextrin hosts and the guest exchange was studied with biocompatible mono and divalent adamantyl competitors. The systematic characterization of the size and surface potential of the host/guest nanoparticles allowed the optimization of the binding and the stabilization properties of these supramolecular systems. The in cellulo host/guest-mediated direct reconfiguration of the peptide layer at the surface of nanoparticles is achieved by controlling the valence of adamantane-equipped peptides. This work demonstrates that host/guest supramolecular systems can be exploited for the direct exchange of pendants at the surface of nanoparticles and the intracellular dynamic chemical reconfiguration of biocompatible colloidal systems.

Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe Design for Visualizing Hepatic Hydrogen Sulfide in the Pathological Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), emerging as an important gaseous signal, has attracted more and more attention for its key role in chronic fatty liver diseases. However, lacking tools for H₂S-specific in situ detection, the changes of endogenous hepatic H₂S levels in the pathological progression of chronic liver diseases are still unclear. To this end, we adopted a strategy of combining molecular probe design and nanofunctionalization to develop a highly selective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, which allows in vivo real-time monitoring of hepatic H₂S levels in the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As a proof of strategy demonstration, we first designed NIR molecular probes for H₂S sensing through chemical design and probe screening and then loaded molecular probes into mesoporous silicon nanomaterials (MSNs) with surface encapsulation using poly(ethylene glycol) to construct a highly selective probe MSN@CSN@PEG, with significantly improved selectivity and photostability. Moreover, MSN@CSN@PEG exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for endogenous H₂S in cells and tumors in vivo, eliminating the interference of a high concentration of biothiols and sulfhydryl proteins. Furthermore, the probe was applied to in situ intravital imaging and systematic assessment of hepatic H₂S levels in different stages of NAFLD for the first time, which may offer a promising tool for the future study of fatty liver diseases and other chronic liver diseases.

Recent progress and future challenges in the supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers

The self-assembly of discrete molecular entities into functional nanomaterials has become a major research area in the past decades. The library of investigated compounds has diversified significantly, while the field as a whole has matured. The incorporation of metal ions in the molecular design of the (supra-)molecular building blocks greatly expands the potential applications, while also offering a promising approach to control molecular recognition and attractive and/or repulsive intermolecular binding events. Hence, supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers has emerged as a major research focus in the field. In this perspective article, we highlight recent significant advances in supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers and discuss their implications for future research. Additionally, we also outline some major challenges that metallosupramolecular chemists (will) have to face to produce metallosupramolecular polymers (MSPs) with advanced applications and functionalities.

Dye-sensitized core-shell NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Yb,Nd upconversion nanoprobe for determination of H2S

The core-shell NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄:Yb,Nd upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were successfully obtained with the method of co-precipitation, and the water-solubility of UCNPs was improved by the ligand exchange reaction between nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate (NOBF₄) and nanoparticles. The IR-783 dye with negative charge and NOBF₄-UCNPs with positive charge can bind together by electrostatic action to sensitize UCNPs through the energy transfer from IR-783 to UCNPs. However, with the presence of Na₂S (a commonly used H₂S donor), a highly selective reaction between H₂S and IR-783, which destoried the structure of IR-783 and blocked the energy transfer, thus led to the quenching of luminescent intensity. Based on this, a sensing system for determination of H₂S has been constructed successfully. The linear range of H₂S detection by this system is 0.5-15 μM, and the detection limit is 34.17 nM. Furthermore, the dye-sensitized core-shell NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄:Yb,Nd upconversion nanoprobe was applied to real sample analysis with satisfactory results.

Sensing and Bioimaging of the Gaseous Signaling Molecule Hydrogen Sulfide by Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes

A fluorescent probe for the monitoring of H₂S levels in living cells and organisms is highly desirable. In this regard, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have emerged as a promising tool. NIR-I and NIR-II probes have many significant advantages; for instance, NIR light penetrates deeper into tissue than light at visible wavelengths, and it causes less photodamage during biosample analysis and less autofluorescence, enabling higher signal-to-background ratios. Therefore, it is expected that fluorescent probes having emission in the NIR region are more suitable for in vivo imaging. Consequently, a considerable increase in reports of new H₂S-responsive NIR fluorescent probes appeared in the literature. This review highlights the advances made in developing new NIR fluorescent probes aimed at the sensitive and selective detection of H₂S in biological samples. Their applications in real-time monitoring of H₂S in cells and in vivo for bioimaging of living cells/animals are emphasized. The selection of suitable dyes for designing NIR fluorescent probes, along with the principles and mechanisms involved for the sensing of H₂S in the NIR region, are described. The discussions are focused on small-molecule and nanomaterials-based NIR probes.

Linear Alternating Supramolecular Photosensitizer for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

Supramolecular polymers with facile and versatile architectures via noncovalent connection present great potential in biological fields. Herein, a linear alternating supramolecular polymer is constructed via host-guest inclusion interaction between cyclodextrin dimer (CD₂) and bifunctional adamantane-conjugated porphyrin (TPP-Ad₂). The supramolecular alternating structure of CD/TPP could not only suppress the aggregation of PSs to improve the photophysical properties because of the steric hindrance but also enhance the water solubility of PSs induced from cyclodextrin moieties. The nanoplatform obtained by this linear alternating supramolecular polymer (TPP-Ad₂/CD₂) presents significantly enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, providing a promising path for PDT.

Single-wavelength phototheranostics for colon cancer via the thiolytic reaction

It's a huge challenge to develop effective nanosystems that combine the capabilities of diagnoses and therapies together for colon cancer in the clinic. Herein, we constructed a far-red absorbing phototheranostic nanosystem (FR-H2S) based on the thiolytic reaction of a dinitrophenyl modified phototheranostic prodrug and over-expressed H2S in colon cancer sites for precise imaging-guided phototherapy. FR-H2S with a BODIPY core not only could work as an imaging probe for diagnosis but also act as a phototherapeutic agent for cancer treatment under a single FR laser source (650 nm). FR-H2S exhibited a gradually enhanced fluorescence emission for precise diagnosis of H2S-rich colon tumor sites. After entering tumor cells, FR-H2S could generate abundant 1O2 and heat for phototherapies timely by using the same laser source (650 nm). We believe that this precise imaging-guided phototheranostic nanosystem could provide a promising approach to colon cancer with minimal damage.

A two-photon fluorescence self-reporting black phosphorus nanoprobe for the in situ monitoring of therapy response

We developed a black phosphorus based two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe (TPBP) for the in situ and real-time reporting of the therapeutic response of black phosphorus.

A versatile luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET)-based ratiometric upconversion nanoprobe for intracellular miRNA biosensing

A versatile LRET-based ratiometric (LBRU) nanoprobe of NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄@NH₂–mSiO₂/rhodamine B/C-DNA sandwich-structured nanocomposites has been developed for intracellular miRNA biosensing.

Tumor-acidity activated surface charge conversion of two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted imaging of intracellular hydrogen peroxide

Elevated levels of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are closely related to the development of cancers. Specific imaging of H2O2 in tumor sites would be significant not only for cancer diagnosis but also for gaining a deep understanding of the role of H2O2 in cancer. However, traditional fluorescent probes based only on responses to overexpression levels of H2O2 in cancer cells are insufficient to distinguish cancer cells from other unhealthy or healthy cells in complex biological systems. Herein, we developed a smart, two-photon fluorescent GC-NABP nanoprobe with pH-dependent surface charge conversion for tumor-targeted imaging of H2O2. The nanoprobe was constructed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic GC-NABP, which was synthesized by grafting the hydrophobic, H2O2-responsive and two-photon fluorophore, NABP, onto hydrophilic biopolymer glycol chitosan (GC). Taking advantage of pH-titratable amino groups on GC, the nanoprobe had the capability of surface charge conversion from negative at physiologic pH to positive in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The positive charge of the nanoprobe promoted electrostatic interactions with cell membranes, leading to enhanced cellular uptake in acidic environment. Upon cellular uptake, the high level of H2O2 in tumor cells triggered boronate deprotections of the nanoprobe, generating a "turn-on" fluorescence emission for H2O2 imaging. The nanoprobe exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity to H2O2 with a detection limit down to 110 nM in vitro. The results from flow cytometry and two-photon fluorescence imaging of H2O2 in living cells and tissues evidenced the enhanced cellular uptake and targeted imaging of intracellular H2O2 in acidic environment. Compared to control nanoparticles that lack pH sensitivity, our nanoprobe showed enhanced accumulation in tumor sites and was applied to targeted imaging of H2O2 in a tumor-bearing mouse model. This work demonstrates that the nanoprobe GC-NABP holds great promise for tumor-specific imaging of cellular H2O2, providing a potential tool to explore the role of H2O2 in tumor sites.

Cobalt oxyhydroxide modified with poly-β-cyclodextrin and a cyanine dye as a nanoplatform for two-photon imaging of ascorbic acid in living cells and tissue

This article describes the development of several nanoconjugates composed of cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide and DEASPI/βCDP, where DEASPI stands for the dye trans-4-[p-(N,N-diethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium, and βCDP stands for β-cyclodextrin. The material enables sensitive fluorometric detection and 3D imaging of ascorbic acid (AA) in biological samples. A nanomicelle composed of DEASPI and βCDP was prepared to act as a two-photon absorbance (TPA) nanofluorophore with desirable two-photon-sensitized fluorescence, high penetration depth, and excellent cell-permeability). The CoOOH nanoflakes were placed on the surface of the nanomicelle to act as both a quencher of fluorescence and as the recognition unit for AA. In the presence of AA, the CoOOH nanoflakes are reduced to Co (II), and this triggers the recovery of fluorescence. This new nanoprobe exhibits amplified two-photon fluorescence (excitation at 840 nm; emission at 565 nm), high sensitivity, and good selectivity. In-vitro imaging of endogenous AA was demonstrated in living HeLa cells. It was also employed to 3D imaging of exogenous AA in tissue by two-photon excitation microscopy to a depth of up to 320 μm. In our perception, this nanoprobe represents a valuable tool for elucidating the roles of AA in biochemical and clinical studies. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of a novel Poly β-Cyclodextrin/TPdye conjugated with cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoplatform and its application for high sensitive and two-photon 3D imaging of ascorbic acid (AA) in living cells and deep tissues.

Crystal structures and luminescence properties of a D–A type CIEgen and its Zn(ii) complexes

A D–A type CIEgen with a near-planar molecular structure and its two Zn(ii) complexes with fluorescence selectivity for THF were obtained.

Two-photon semiconducting polymer nanoparticles as a new platform for imaging of intracellular pH variation

Intracellular pH (pHi) plays a crucial role in cell physiological and pathological processes. We herein report an efficient pH-sensitive sensor based on two-photon excitable semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (PFV/PSMA-DA NPs) for pHi sensing. PFV/PSMA NPs were functionalized with redox-active dopamine (DA) and the obtained PFV/PSMA-DA NPs showed sensitive and reversible pH response over the pH range of 5.0-9.0. Owning to the high biocompatibility and pH-responsive DA, PFV/PSMA-DA NPs show low cytotoxicity and the quantification and imaging of intracellular pH changes of HeLa cells were successfully realized. Moreover, the detection of intracellular pH fluctuation induced by redox species such as NAC (N-acetylcysteine) and H₂O₂ was also achieved by both one- and two-photon excitation of the PFV/PSMA-DA NPs probe. This work clearly shows that nanoprobe based on two-photon PFV/PSMA-DA NPs could serve as a promising platform for quantitatively monitoring the intracellular pH fluctuations.

Lighting-Up Tumor for Assisting Resection via Spraying NIR Fluorescent Probe of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidas

For the precision resection, development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe based on specificity identification tumor-associated enzyme for lighting-up the tumor area, is urgent in the field of diagnosis and treatment. Overexpression of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, one of the cell-membrane enzymes, known as a biomarker is concerned with the growth and progression of ovarian, liver, colon and breast cancer compared to normal tissue. In this work, a remarkable enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probe NIR-SN-GGT was proposed and synthesized including two moieties: a NIR dicyanoisophorone core as signal reporter unit; γ-glutamyl group as the specificity identification site. In the presence of γ-GGT, probe NIR-SN-GGT was transformed into NIR-SN-NH₂, the recovery of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), liberating the NIR fluorescence signal, which was firstly employed to distinguish tumor tissue and normal tissues via simple “spraying” manner, greatly promoting the possibility of precise excision. Furthermore, combined with magnetic resonance imaging by T2 weight mode, tumor transplanted BABL/c mice could be also lit up for first time by NIR fluorescence probe having a large stokes, which demonstrated that probe NIR-SN-GGT would be a useful tool for assisting surgeon to diagnose and remove tumor in clinical practice.

Ultrathin two-dimensional covalent organic framework nanoprobe for interference-resistant two-photon fluorescence bioimaging

A two-photon fluorescent covalent organic framework nanopore is designed for the first time for H₂S interference-resistant bioimaging.

The complex environment of living organisms significantly challenges the selectivity of classic small-molecule fluorescent probes for bioimaging. Due to their predesigned topological structure and engineered internal pore surface, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the ability to filter out coexisting interference components and help to achieve accurate biosensing. Herein, we propose an effective interference-resistant strategy by creating a COF-based hybrid probe that combines the respective advantages of COFs and small-molecule probes. As a proof of concept, a two-photon fluorescent COF nanoprobe, namely TpASH-NPHS, is developed for targeting hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) as a model analyte. TpASH-NPHS exhibits limited cytotoxicity, excellent photostability and long-term bioimaging capability. More importantly, compared with the small-molecule probe, TpASH-NPHS achieves accurate detection without the interference from intracellular enzymes. This allows us to monitor the levels of endogenous H₂S in a mouse model of cirrhosis.

Rationally designed upconversion nanoprobe for simultaneous highly sensitive ratiometric detection of fluoride ions and fluorosis theranostics

For many years, fluorosis has been known as a worldwide disease which seriously diminishes quality of life through skeletal embrittlement and hepatic damage. Aiming to develop novel drugs for simultaneous fluorosis diagnosis and therapy, in this work we explore the feasibility of a novel pyrogallic acid-titanium(iv) complex-modified upconversion nanoprobe (UCNP-PA-Ti) for F- capture and real-time quantification. Utilizing the strong interaction between Ti4+ and F-, the modified PA-Ti decomposes in F--containing solution, which not only weakens the FRET but results in upconversion luminescence (UCL) recovery. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate a highly sensitive F- UCL response and therapeutic efficiency, which was promising for successful UCL image monitoring and the therapeutic process. Long blood circulation time and low toxicity ensured their safe application for fluorosis theranostics. Our work provides a new possibility for F- concentration detection within fluorosis therapeutic periods and encourages the development of novel drugs for fluorosis theranostics.

Supramolecular glyco-poly-cyclodextrin functionalized thin-layer manganese dioxide for targeted stimulus-responsive bioimaging

We have developed a supramoleuclar imaging probe based on thin-layer manganese dioxide functionalized with a fluorescent, multivalent glyco-poly-cycolodextrin for the targeted, stimulus-responsive bioimaging of cancer cells.

Poly(β-cyclodextrin) enhanced fluorescence coupled with specific reaction for amplified detection of GSH and trypsin activity

Schematic illustration of the construction process of a specific-reaction assay coupled with βCDP-induced signal amplification platform.

Recent progresses in small-molecule enzymatic fluorescent probes for cancer imaging

An overview of recent advances in small-molecule enzymatic fluorescent probes for cancer imaging, including design strategies and cancer imaging applications.