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Wei L, Pan Z, Shi X, Esan OC, Li G, Qi H, Wu Q, An L. Solar-driven thermochemical conversion of H 2O and CO 2 into sustainable fuels. iScience 2023; 26:108127. [PMID: 37876816 PMCID: PMC10590985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven thermochemical conversion of H2O and CO2 into sustainable fuels, based on redox cycle, provides a promising path for alternative energy, as it employs the solar energy as high-temperature heat supply and adopts H2O and CO2 as initial feedstock. This review describes the sustainable fuels production system, including a series of physical and chemical processes for converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of sustainable fuels. Detailed working principles, redox materials, and key devices are reviewed and discussed to provide systematic and in-depth understanding of thermochemical fuels production with the aid of concentrated solar power technology. In addition, limiting factors affecting the solar-to-fuel efficiency are analyzed; meanwhile, the improvement technologies (heat recovery concepts and designs) are summarized. This study therefore sets a pathway for future research works based on the current status and demand for further development of such technologies on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhefei Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingyi Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oladapo Christopher Esan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guojun Li
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hong Qi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qixing Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liang An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abanades S. A Review of Oxygen Carrier Materials and Related Thermochemical Redox Processes for Concentrating Solar Thermal Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093582. [PMID: 37176464 PMCID: PMC10180145 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Redox materials have been investigated for various thermochemical processing applications including solar fuel production (hydrogen, syngas), ammonia synthesis, thermochemical energy storage, and air separation/oxygen pumping, while involving concentrated solar energy as the high-temperature process heat source for solid-gas reactions. Accordingly, these materials can be processed in two-step redox cycles for thermochemical fuel production from H2O and CO2 splitting. In such cycles, the metal oxide is first thermally reduced when heated under concentrated solar energy. Then, the reduced material is re-oxidized with either H2O or CO2 to produce H2 or CO. The mixture forms syngas that can be used for the synthesis of various hydrocarbon fuels. An alternative process involves redox systems of metal oxides/nitrides for ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2O based on chemical looping cycles. A metal nitride reacts with steam to form ammonia and the corresponding metal oxide. The latter is then recycled in a nitridation reaction with N2 and a reducer. In another process, redox systems can be processed in reversible endothermal/exothermal reactions for solar thermochemical energy storage at high temperature. The reduction corresponds to the heat charge while the reverse oxidation with air leads to the heat discharge for supplying process heat to a downstream process. Similar reversible redox reactions can finally be used for oxygen separation from air, which results in separate flows of O2 and N2 that can be both valorized, or thermochemical oxygen pumping to absorb residual oxygen. This review deals with the different redox materials involving stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric materials applied to solar fuel production (H2, syngas, ammonia), thermochemical energy storage, and thermochemical air separation or gas purification. The most relevant chemical looping reactions and the best performing materials acting as the oxygen carriers are identified and described, as well as the chemical reactors suitable for solar energy absorption, conversion, and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Abanades
- Processes, Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via, France
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Exploring the Stability of Fe–Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Exsolved from Double-Layered Perovskites for Dry Reforming of Methane. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exsolution is emerging as a promising route for the creation of nanoparticles that remain anchored to the oxide support, imparting remarkable stability in high temperature chemical processes such as dry reforming of methane. This process takes place at temperatures around 850 °C, which causes sintering-related issues in catalysts prepared using conventional impregnation methods, which could be overcome by using exsolution functionalized oxides. In this work, FeNi3 alloy nanoparticles exsolved from Sr2FexNi1-xMoO6-δ double-layered perovskites were evaluated as a dry reforming catalyst, paying special attention to structure–activity relationships. Our results indicate that increasing the Ni content favors the nanoparticle dispersion, eventually leading to increased CO2 and CH4 conversions. The exsolved nanoparticles presented remarkable nanoparticle size (ca. 30 nm) stability after the 10 h treatment, although the formation of some phase segregations over the course of the reaction caused a minor decrease in the nanoparticle population. Overall, the results presented here serve as materials processing guidelines that could find further potential use in the design of more efficient (electro)catalysts in other fuel production or energy conversion technologies.
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Shrestha P, Nair MM, Mahinpey N. Isothermal redox cycling of A‐ and B‐site substituted manganite‐based perovskites for
CO
2
conversion. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Shrestha
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Mahesh M. Nair
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Nader Mahinpey
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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Wang L, Ma T, Dai S, Ren T, Chang Z, Fu M, Li X, Li Y. Solar thermochemical CO 2 splitting with doped perovskite LaCo 0.7Zr 0.3O 3: thermodynamic performance and solar-to-fuel efficiency. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35740-35752. [PMID: 35517063 PMCID: PMC9056929 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The research of thermochemical CO2 splitting based on perovskites is a promising approach to green energy development. Performance evaluation was performed towards the doped perovskite LaCo0.7Zr0.3O3 (LCZ-73) based two-step thermochemical CO2 splitting process thermodynamically based on the experimentally derived parameters for the first time. The impacts of vacuum pump and inert gas purge to reduce oxygen partial pressure and CO2 heating on the performance parameter η solar-to-fuel have been analyzed. The results showed that at the P O2 of 10-5 bar, non-stoichiometric oxygen δ increased by more than 3 times as the reduction temperature varied from 1000 °C to 1300 °C, however, no significant deviation of δ was observed between 1300 °C and 1400 °C. The reaction enthalpy ranged from 60 to 130 kJ mol-1 corresponding to δ = 0.05-0.40. Comparing the abovementioned two ways to reduce the oxygen partial pressure, the η solar-to-fuel of 0.39% and 0.1% can be achieved with 75% and without heat recovery with the CO2 flow rate of 40 sccm under experimental conditions, respectively. The energy cost for CO2 heating during the thermodynamic process as the n CO2 /n LCZ-73 increases was obtained from the perspective of energy analysis. The ratio of n CO2 /n LCZ-73 at lower temperature required more demanding conditions for the aim of commercialization. Finally, the ability of perovskite to split CO2 and thermochemical performance were tested under different CO2 flow rates. The results showed that high CO2 flow rate was conducive to the production of CO, but at the cost of low η solar-to-fuel. The maximum solar-to-fuel efficiency of 1.36% was achieved experimentally at a CO2 flow rate of 10 sccm in the oxidation step and 75% heat recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tianzeng Ma
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaomeng Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ting Ren
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zheshao Chang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Mingkai Fu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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Abstract
CO2 emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels are continuously increasing, thus impacting Earth’s climate. In this context, intensive research efforts are being dedicated to develop materials that can effectively reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere and convert CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels, thus contributing to sustainable energy and meeting the increase in energy demand. The development of clean energy by conversion technologies is of high priority to circumvent these challenges. Among the various methods that include photoelectrochemical, high-temperature conversion, electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and organocatalytic reactions, photocatalytic CO2 reduction has received great attention because of its potential to efficiently reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere by converting it into fuels and value-added chemicals. Among the reported CO2 conversion catalysts, perovskite oxides catalyze redox reactions and exhibit high catalytic activity, stability, long charge diffusion lengths, compositional flexibility, and tunable band gap and band edge. This review focuses on recent advances and future prospects in the design and performance of perovskites for CO2 conversion, particularly emphasizing on the structure of the catalysts, defect engineering and interface tuning at the nanoscale, and conversion technologies and rational approaches for enhancing CO2 transformation to value-added chemicals and chemical feedstocks.
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Ezbiri M, Reinhart A, Huber B, Allen KM, Steinfeld A, Bulfin B, Michalsky R. High redox performance of Y0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ for thermochemical oxygen production and separation. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient production and separation of oxygen is essential for numerous energy-intensive industrial applications in the fuel and mineral processing sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ezbiri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - A. Reinhart
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - B. Huber
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - K. M. Allen
- Solar Technology Laboratory
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | - A. Steinfeld
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - B. Bulfin
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - R. Michalsky
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
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Tountas AA, Peng X, Tavasoli AV, Duchesne PN, Dingle TL, Dong Y, Hurtado L, Mohan A, Sun W, Ulmer U, Wang L, Wood TE, Maravelias CT, Sain MM, Ozin GA. Towards Solar Methanol: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801903. [PMID: 31016111 PMCID: PMC6468977 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to provide an overview of producing value-added products affordably and sustainably from greenhouse gases (GHGs). Methanol (MeOH) is one such product, and is one of the most widely used chemicals, employed as a feedstock for ≈30% of industrial chemicals. The starting materials are analogous to those feeding natural processes: water, CO2, and light. Innovative technologies from this effort have global significance, as they allow GHG recycling, while providing society with a renewable carbon feedstock. Light, in the form of solar energy, assists the production process in some capacity. Various solar strategies of continually increasing technology readiness levels are compared to the commercial MeOH process, which uses a syngas feed derived from natural gas. These strategies include several key technologies, including solar-thermochemical, photochemical, and photovoltaic-electrochemical. Other solar-assisted technologies that are not yet commercial-ready are also discussed. The commercial-ready technologies are compared using a technoeconomic analysis, and the scalability of solar reactors is also discussed in the context of light-incorporating catalyst architectures and designs. Finally, how MeOH compares against other prospective products is briefly discussed, as well as the viability of the most promising solar MeOH strategy in an international context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios A. Tountas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Alexandra V. Tavasoli
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Toronto184 College StTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada
| | - Paul N. Duchesne
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Thomas L. Dingle
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Toronto184 College StTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada
| | - Yuchan Dong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Lourdes Hurtado
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Abhinav Mohan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Ulrich Ulmer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Thomas E. Wood
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Mohini M. Sain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3E5Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
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9
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Yu N, Nair MM, Mahinpey N. Structure and phase evolution of CaMnO
3
perovskite during isothermal redox cycles. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Yu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | | | - Nader Mahinpey
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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10
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Wu XY, Ghoniem AF. Hydrogen-assisted Carbon Dioxide Thermochemical Reduction on La 0.9 Ca 0.1 FeO 3-δ Membranes: A Kinetics Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:483-493. [PMID: 29105373 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics data for CO2 thermochemical reduction in an isothermal membrane reactor is required to identify the rate-limiting steps. A detailed reaction kinetics study on this process supported by an La0.9 Ca0.1 FeO3-δ (LCF-91) membrane is thus reported. The dependence of CO2 reduction rate on various operating conditions is examined, such as CO2 concentration on the feed side, fuel concentrations on the sweep side, and temperatures. The CO2 reduction rate is proportional to the oxygen flux across the membrane, and the measured maximum fluxes are 0.191 and 0.164 μmol cm-2 s-1 with 9.5 mol% H2 and 11.6 mol% CO on the sweep side at 990 °C, respectively. Fuel is used to maintain the chemical potential gradient across the membrane and CO is used to derive the surface reaction kinetics. This membrane also exhibits stable performances for 106 h. A resistance-network model is developed to describe the oxygen transport process and the kinetics data are parameterized using the experimental values. The model shows a transition of the rate limiting step between the surface reactions on the feed side and the sweep side depending on the operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ahmed F Ghoniem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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