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Kumar VB. Design and development of molten metal nanomaterials using sonochemistry for multiple applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102934. [PMID: 37301065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molten metals have prospective applications as soft fluids with unique physical and chemical properties, yet materials based on them are still in their infancy and have great potential. Ultrasonic irradiation of molten metals in liquid media induces acoustic cavitation and dispersion of the liquid metal into micrometric and nanometric spheres. This review focuses on the synthesis of mmetallic materials via sonochemistry from molten metals with low melting point (< 420 ᴼC): Ga, Hg, In, Sn, Bi, Pb, and Zn, which can be melted in organic or inorganic media or water and of aqueous solutions of metallic ions to form two immiscible liquid phases. Organic molecule entrapment, polymer solubilization, chiral imprinting, and catalyst incorporation within metals or metallic particles were recently developed to provide novel hybrid nanomaterials for several applications including catalysis, fuel cells, and biomass-to-biofuel conversion. In all cases where molten metal was sonicated in an organic solvent, in addition to a solid precipitant, an interesting supernatant was obtained that contained metal-doped carbon dots (M@C-dots). Some of these M@C-dots were found to exhibit highly effective antimicrobial activity, promote neuronal tissue growth, or have utility in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The economic feasibility and commercial scalability of molten metal sonochemistry attract fundamental interest in the reaction mechanisms, as the versatility and controllability of the structure and material properties invite exploration of various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhooshan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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Pinsky D, Ralbag N, Singh RK, Mann-Lahav M, Shter GE, Dekel DR, Grader GS, Avnir D. Metal nanoparticles entrapped in metal matrices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4597-4612. [PMID: 36133476 PMCID: PMC9419212 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed synthetic methods for the doping of metals (M) with metallic nanoparticles (NPs). To the best of our knowledge - unlike oxides, polymers and carbon-based supports - metals were not used so far as supporting matrices for metallic NPs. The composites (denoted M1-NPs@M2) comprise two separate phases: the metallic NPs (the dopant) and the entrapping 3D porous metallic matrix, within which the NPs are intimately held and well dispersed. Two different general synthetic strategies were developed, each resulting in a group of materials with characteristic structure and properties. The first strategy uses pre-prepared NPs and these are entrapped during reductive formation of the metallic matrix from its cation. The second strategy is in situ growth of the doped metallic NPs within the pre-prepared entrapping metallic matrix. These two methods were developed for two types of entrapping metallic matrices with different morphologies: porous aggregated metallic matrices and metallic foams. The leading case in this study was the use of Pt as the NP dopant and Ag as the entrapping matrix, using all of the four combinations - entrapment or growth within aggregated Ag or Ag foam matrices. Full physical and chemical properties analysis of these novel types of materials was carried out, using a wide variety of analytical methods. The generality of the methods developed for these bi-metallic composites was investigated and demonstrated on additional metallic pairs: Au NPs within Ag matrices, Pd NPs within Ni matrices and Ir-NPs within a Rh matrix. As the main application of metallic NPs is in catalysis, the catalytic activity of M1-NPs@M2 is demonstrated successfully for entrapped Pt within Ag for reductive catalytic reactions, and for Pd within Ni for the electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Pinsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Noam Ralbag
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Ramesh Kumar Singh
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Meirav Mann-Lahav
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Gennady E Shter
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Gideon S Grader
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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Tang X, Kwon HJ, Hong J, Ye H, Wang R, Yun DJ, Park CE, Jeong YJ, Lee HS, Kim SH. Direct Printing of Asymmetric Electrodes for Improving Charge Injection/Extraction in Organic Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33999-34010. [PMID: 32633116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the energy levels of organic conducting materials can be useful for developing high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), whose electrodes must be well controlled to facilitate easy charge carrier transport from the source to drain through an active channel. However, symmetric source and drain electrodes that have the same energy levels are inevitably unfavorable for either charge injection or charge extraction. In this study, asymmetric source and drain electrodes are simply prepared using the electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-jet printing technique after the careful work function engineering of organic conducting material composites. Two types of additives effectively tune the energy levels of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate-based composites. These solutions are alternately patterned using the EHD-jet printing process, where the use of an electric field makes fine jet control that enables to directly print asymmetric electrodes. The asymmetric combination of EHD-printed electrodes helps in obtaining advanced charge transport properties in p-type and n-type OFETs, as well as their organic complementary inverters. This strategy is believed to provide useful guidelines for the facile patterning of asymmetric electrodes, enabling the desirable properties of charge injection and extraction to be achieved in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Tang
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heqing Ye
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Rixuan Wang
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Yun
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Eon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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He J, Armstrong J, Cong P, Menagen B, Igaher L, Beale AM, Etgar L, Avnir D. Affecting an Ultra‐High Work Function of Silver. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS FacilityRutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Peixi Cong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College of London Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - Barak Menagen
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Lior Igaher
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College of London Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- Research Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0FA UK
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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He J, Armstrong J, Cong P, Menagen B, Igaher L, Beale AM, Etgar L, Avnir D. Affecting an Ultra-High Work Function of Silver. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4698-4704. [PMID: 31923344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-high increase in the WF of silver, from 4.26 to 7.42 eV, that is, an increase of up to circa 3.1 eV is reported. This is the highest WF increase on record for metals and is supported by recent computational studies which predict the potential ability to affect an increase of the WF of metals by more than 4 eV. We achieved the ultra-high increase by a new approach: Rather than using the common method of 2D adsorption of polar molecules layers on the metal surface, WF modifying components, l-cysteine and Zn(OH)2 , were incorporated within the metal, resulting in a 3D architecture. Detailed material characterization by a large array of analytical methods was carried out, the combination of which points to a WF enhancement mechanism which is based on directly affecting the charge transfer ability of the metal separately by cysteine and hydrolyzed zinc(II), and synergistically by the combination of the two through the known Zn-cysteine finger redox trap effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Jeff Armstrong
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peixi Cong
- Department of Chemistry, University College of London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Barak Menagen
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Lior Igaher
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College of London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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He J, Ji B, Koley S, Banin U, Avnir D. Metallic Conductive Luminescent Film. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10826-10834. [PMID: 31487452 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a solution for the challenge of having luminescence and metal conductivity from the same material. The fabrication of a hybrid metal-conductive luminescent film that manifests this dual property is described: the conductivity arising from a continuous gold thin film structure and luminescence originating from the embedded fluorescent emitters (nanoparticles of silica-coated CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QD/SiO2 NPs)). The embedding of the QD/SiO2 NPs is performed via a self-templating gold electroless process. The presence of the insulating silica layer on the QDs avoids quenching and enables luminescence, while still allowing plasmonic coupling of the QDs, as observed by luminescence lifetime analysis and by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The potential applications of this special dual functionality are demonstrated by its used as a temperature probe: Passing current (heating the gold thin film) affects the emission intensity and induces a spectral red-shift of the QD/SiO2 NPs. All properties of this metal-conductive luminescent film required the special embedding architecture and are not observed with simple adsorption of QD/SiO2 NPs on a continuous Au film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
| | - Botao Ji
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
| | - Somnath Koley
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401 , Israel
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Abstract
Platinum has been a widely used metal for a variety of implanted medical devices, because of its inertness, low corrosion rate, high biocompatibility, high electric conductivity, and good mechanical stability. A highly desirable property still in need to be addressed is the tailoring of drug-delivery ability to that metal. This is needed in order to treat infections due to the process of implanting, to treat postoperation pain, and to prevent blood clotting. Can Pt itself serve as a delivery matrix? A review on metallic implants (Lyndon, J. A.; Boyd, B. J.; Birbilis, N. Metallic implant drug/device combinations for controlled drug release in orthopaedic applications. J. Control. Release 2014, 179, 63-75) proposes that "Metals themselves can be used for delivering pharmaceutics" but adds that "there has been no current research into [that] possibility" despite its advantages. Here we present a solution to that challenge and show a new method of using an inert metal as a 3D matrix from within which entrapped drug molecules are released. This new type of drug-delivery system is fabricated by the methodolodgy of entrapment of molecules within metals, resulting in various drugs@Pt. Specifically the following drugs have been entrapped and released: the pain-killer and platelet-inhibitor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen and naproxen, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and the antiseptic chlorhexidine. The delivery profiles of all biocomposites were studied in two forms, powders and pressed discs, showing, in general, fast followed by slow first order release profiles. It is shown that the delivery kinetics can be tailored by changing the entrapment process, by applying different pressures in the disc preparation, and by changing the delivery temperature. The latter was also used to determine the activation energy for the release. Full characterization of the metallic biomaterials is provided, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface area/porosity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Menagen
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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