1
|
Ohno H, Sasaki E, Yamada S, Hanaoka K. Recent advances in Si-rhodamine-based fluorescent probes for live-cell imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3099-3108. [PMID: 38444309 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique for visualizing biological events in living samples with high temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescent probes emitting far-red to near infrared (NIR) fluorescence are particularly advantageous for in vivo imaging due to their high tissue permeability and low autofluorescence, as well as their suitability for multicolor imaging. Among the far-red to NIR fluorophores, Si-rhodamine is one of the most practical fluorophores for the development of tailor-made NIR fluorescent probes because of the relative ease of synthesis of various derivatives, the unique intramolecular spirocyclization behavior, and the relatively high water solubility and high photostability of the probes. This review summarizes these features of Si-rhodamines and presents recent advances in the synthesis and applications of far-red to NIR fluorescent probes based on Si-rhodamines, focusing on live-cell imaging applications such as fluorogenic probes, super-resolution imaging and dye-protein hybrid-based indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Sota Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanaoka K, Ikeno T, Iwaki S, Deguchi S, Takayama K, Mizuguchi H, Tao F, Kojima N, Ohno H, Sasaki E, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Urano Y. A general fluorescence off/on strategy for fluorogenic probes: Steric repulsion-induced twisted intramolecular charge transfer (sr-TICT). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi8847. [PMID: 38363840 PMCID: PMC10871538 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Various control strategies are available for building fluorogenic probes to visualize biological events in terms of a fluorescence change. Here, we performed the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computational analysis of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process in rhodamine dyes. On the basis of the results, we designed and synthesized a series of rhodamine dyes and established a fluorescence quenching strategy that we call steric repulsion-induced TICT (sr-TICT), in which the fluorescence quenching process is greatly accelerated by simple intramolecular twisting. As proof of concept of this design strategy, we used it to develop a fluorogenic probe, 2-Me PeER (pentyloxyethylrhodamine), for the N-dealkylation activity of CYP3A4. We applied 2-Me PeER for CYP3A4 activity-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), providing access to homogeneous, highly functional human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that sr-TICT represents a general fluorescence control method for fluorogenic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minoto-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shimpei Iwaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tao
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minoto-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minoto-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumada R, Sakama A, Shindo Y, Kuronuma Y, Iwasawa N, Citterio D, Oka K, Hiruta Y. Development of Phosphinate Ligand-Based Low-Affinity Ca 2+ Fluorescent Probes and Application to Intracellular Ca 2+ Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16683-16691. [PMID: 37922450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Divalent metal cations such as calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) are indispensable to the regulation of various cellular activities. In this research, we developed the KLCA series utilizing o-aminophenol-N,N-diacetate-O-methylene-methylphosphinate (APDAP) as a target binding site, which was reported recently as a highly free Mg2+-selective ligand. KLCA-301 with orange fluorescence based on a rhodamine fluorophore and KLCA-501 with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence based on a Si-rhodamine fluorophore were synthesized, intended for application to multicolor imaging. The evaluation of the fluorescence response to Ca2+ and Mg2+ of the KLCA series indicated the applicability as low-affinity Ca2+ probes. While KLCA-301 mainly localized in the cytosol in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, KLCA-501 localized to the cytosol and granular organelles in neurons. Comparison of the fluorescence response of KLCA-301 and the high-affinity Ca2+ probe Fluo-4 upon stimulation by glutamate in stained neurons revealed that KLCA-301 could reflect the secondary large rise of intracellular Ca2+, which Fluo-4 could not detect. In addition, KLCA-501 showed a fluorescence response similar to the low-affinity Ca2+ probe Fluo-5N upon stimulation by glutamate in stained neurons, concluding that KLCA-301 and KLCA-501 could be used as low-affinity Ca2+ probes. The KLCA series offers new options for low-affinity Ca2+ probes. Moreover, KLCA-501 achieved simultaneous visualization of the change in Ca2+ and ATP concentrations and also in mitochondrial inner membrane potential in neurons. KLCA-501 is expected to be a strong tool that enables simultaneous multicolor imaging of multiple targets and elucidation of their relationship in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kumada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Kuronuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai M, Yang YJ, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Strategies to convert organic fluorophores into red/near-infrared emitting analogues and their utilization in bioimaging probes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6344-6358. [PMID: 37608780 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores aided by current microscopy imaging modalities are essential for studying biological systems. Recently, red/near-infrared emitting fluorophores have attracted great research efforts, as they enable bioimaging applications with reduced autofluorescence interference and light scattering, two significant obstacles for deep-tissue imaging, as well as reduced photodamage and photobleaching. Herein, we analyzed the current strategies to convert key organic fluorophores bearing xanthene, coumarin, and naphthalene cores into longer wavelength-emitting derivatives by focussing on their effectiveness and limitations. Together, we introduced typical examples of how such fluorophores can be used to develop molecular probes for biological analytes, along with key sensing features. Finally, we listed several critical issues to be considered in developing new fluorophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
- CEDAR, Knight Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA.
| | - Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen YJ, Zhang H, Liu YZ, Shi L, Xiang FF, Lin RD, Liu YH, Chen SY, Yu XQ, Li K. Rational Design of pH-Independent and High-Fidelity Near-Infrared Tunable Fluorescent Probes for Tracking Leucine Aminopeptidase In Vivo. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2359-2367. [PMID: 37265237 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of target analytes and generation of high-fidelity fluorescence signals are particularly critical in life sciences and clinical diagnostics. However, the majority of current NIR-I fluorescent probes are vulnerable to pH effects resulting in signal distortion. In this work, a series of fluorescence-tunable and pH-independent probes are reported by combining optically tunable groups of unsymmetric Si-rhodamines and introducing the methoxy instead of the spiro ring on the benzene ring at position 9. To validate the concept, the leucine aminopeptidase response site was introduced into Si-2,6OMe-NH2 with the best optical properties to synthesize Si-LAP for monitoring the intrahepatic LAP in vivo. Therefore, the design approach may provide a new and practical strategy for designing innovative functional fluorescent probes and generating high-stability and high-fidelity fluorescent signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ru-De Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A general highly efficient synthesis of biocompatible rhodamine dyes and probes for live-cell multicolor nanoscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1306. [PMID: 36894547 PMCID: PMC9998615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of live-cell fluorescence nanoscopy is powered by the availability of suitable fluorescent probes. Rhodamines are among the best fluorophores for labeling intracellular structures. Isomeric tuning is a powerful method for optimizing the biocompatibility of rhodamine-containing probes without affecting their spectral properties. An efficient synthesis pathway for 4-carboxyrhodamines is still lacking. We present a facile protecting-group-free 4-carboxyrhodamines' synthesis based on the nucleophilic addition of lithium dicarboxybenzenide to the corresponding xanthone. This approach drastically reduces the number of synthesis steps, expands the achievable structural diversity, increases overall yields and permits gram-scale synthesis of the dyes. We synthesize a wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 4-carboxyrhodamines covering the whole visible spectrum and target them to multiple structures in living cells - microtubules, DNA, actin, mitochondria, lysosomes, Halo-tagged and SNAP-tagged proteins. The enhanced permeability fluorescent probes operate at submicromolar concentrations, allowing high-contrast STED and confocal microscopy of living cells and tissues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor EL, Abounorinejad F, Jacobo EP, Dixon ADC, Lam KT, Brozik JA. Photophysical Rate Constants and Oxygen Dependence for Si and Ge Rhodamine Zwitterions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:851-860. [PMID: 36689273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The family of group XIV rhodamine zwitterions are fluorescence probes with carbon, silicon, germanium, or tin substituted in the 10-position of the xanthene ring. Because of their inherent near-infrared fluorescence, photostability and high quantum yields in aqueous solutions, the Si and Ge containing fluorophores in this class have become increasingly important for fluorescent labeling of proteins and biological molecules. This study fully characterizes photophysical rates derived from a model consisting of a singlet ground state, the lowest singlet excited state, and the lowest triplet excited state for two exemplar group XIV rhodamine zwitterions, one containing Si and the other Ge. Within a simple Jablonski diagram, all radiative and non-radiative rates, including intersystem crossing and triplet depopulation rates, were measured as a function of oxygen concentration. It was shown that the triplet depopulation rates are intrinsically fast in comparison with traditional xanthene containing fluorophores, probably due to the increased spin-obit coupling from the Si and Ge substitution in the xanthene ring. Dissolved oxygen increases both the intersystem crossing and triplet depopulation rates. Stern-Volmer analysis was conducted to estimate rates of quenching by oxygen. The experimental data was used to estimate the initial rates for reactive oxygen production by Si and Ge containing fluorophores in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved O2. These estimates showed a significantly slower initial rate of reactive oxygen production in comparison with rhodamine 6G. This goes a long way to explaining their inherent photostability. Spectroscopic experiments were also conducted in 77 K viscous aqueous glasses where it was observed that the fluorescence spectra remained unchanged, and the quantum yields increased from 0.53 to 0.84 and from 0.52 to 0.89 for the Si and Ge containing fluorophores respectively; no phosphorescence was observed. All intersystem crossing and triplet depopulation rates were measured using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and analyzed using a new method that extrapolated the power dependence of the FCS curves to optical saturation. This method was verified using published data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Taylor
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-2711, United States
| | - Faraz Abounorinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-4630, United States
| | - Eric P Jacobo
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-4630, United States
| | - Alexandre D C Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-4630, United States
| | - Kui Ting Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-4630, United States
| | - James A Brozik
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-4630, United States.,Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington99163-2711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wallabregue AD, Bolland H, Faulkner S, Hammond EM, Conway SJ. Two Color Imaging of Different Hypoxia Levels in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2572-2583. [PMID: 36656915 PMCID: PMC9896549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) occurs in a range of biological contexts, including plants, bacterial biofilms, and solid tumors; it elicits responses from these biological systems that impact their survival. For example, conditions of low oxygen make treating tumors more difficult and have a negative impact on patient prognosis. Therefore, chemical probes that enable the study of biological hypoxia are valuable tools to increase the understanding of disease-related conditions that involve low oxygen levels, ultimately leading to improved diagnosis and treatment. While small-molecule hypoxia-sensing probes exist, the majority of these image only very severe hypoxia (<1% O2) and therefore do not give a full picture of heterogeneous biological hypoxia. Commonly used antibody-based imaging tools for hypoxia are less convenient than small molecules, as secondary detection steps involving immunostaining are required. Here, we report the synthesis, electrochemical properties, photophysical analysis, and biological validation of a range of indolequinone-based bioreductive fluorescent probes. We show that these compounds image different levels of hypoxia in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The resorufin-based probe 2 was activated in conditions of 4% O2 and lower, while the Me-Tokyo Green-based probe 4 was only activated in severe hypoxia─0.5% O2 and less. Simultaneous application of these compounds in spheroids revealed that compound 2 images similar levels of hypoxia to pimonidazole, while compound 4 images more extreme hypoxia in a manner analogous to EF5. Compounds 2 and 4 are therefore useful tools to study hypoxia in a cellular setting and represent convenient alternatives to antibody-based imaging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine
L. D. Wallabregue
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Hannah Bolland
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoshino Y, Hanaoka K, Sakamoto K, Yasunaga M, Kojima T, Kotani D, Nomoto A, Sasaki E, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Takamaru H, Saito Y, Seto Y, Urano Y. Molecular design of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes targeting exo-peptidase and application for detection of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:859-867. [PMID: 35866167 PMCID: PMC9257614 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the activities of proteases in vivo is an important requirement in biological and medical research. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are particularly useful for in vivo fluorescence imaging, due to the high penetration of NIR and the low autofluorescence in tissue for this wavelength region, but most current NIR fluorescent probes for proteases are targeted to endopeptidase. Here, we describe a new molecular design for NIR fluorescent probes that target exopeptidase by utilizing the >110 nm blueshift of unsymmetrical Si–rhodamines upon amidation of the N atom of their xanthene moiety. Based on this molecular design, we developed Leu-SiR640 as a probe for leucine amino peptidase (LAP). Leu-SiR640 shows a one order of magnitude larger fluorescence increment (669-fold) upon reaction with LAP than existing NIR fluorescent probes. We similarly designed and synthesized EP-SiR640, a NIR fluorescent probe that targets dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). We show that this probe can monitor DPP-4 activity not only in living cells but also in mouse organs and tumors. This probe could also detect esophageal cancer in human clinical specimens, based on the overexpression of DPP-4 activity. We developed a new molecular design for NIR fluorescent probes that target exopeptidase by utilizing the >110 nm blueshift of unsymmetrical Si–rhodamines.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University 1-5-30 Shibakoen Minato-ku Tokyo 105-8512 Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8577 Japan
| | - Ayumu Nomoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University 1-5-30 Shibakoen Minato-ku Tokyo 105-8512 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamaru
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan X, Ren T, Yang W, Zhang X, Yuan L. Activatable photoacoustic/fluorescent dual-modal probe for monitoring of drug-induced liver hypoxia in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8644-8647. [PMID: 34369955 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective monitoring of liver hypoxia status is crucial for the detection and treatment of drug-induced liver injury. Here, a novel photoacoustic and fluorescent dual-modal probe (NO2-CS) was rationally developed and applied to image isoniazid-induced liver hypoxia through detecting the over-expressed nitroreductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bailey MD, Jin GX, Carniato F, Botta M, Allen MJ. Rational Design of High-Relaxivity Eu II -Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Low-Oxygen Environments. Chemistry 2021; 27:3114-3118. [PMID: 33226696 PMCID: PMC7902434 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging present a promising avenue to image hypoxia. EuII -based contrast agents have a unique biologically relevant redox couple, EuII/III , that distinguishes this metal for use in hypoxia imaging. To that end, we investigated a strategy to enhance the contrast-enhancing capabilities of EuII -based cryptates in magnetic resonance imaging by controlling the rotational dynamics. Two dimetallic, EuII -containing cryptates were synthesized to test the efficacy of rigid versus flexible coupling strategies. A flexible strategy to dimerization led to a modest (114 %) increase in contrast enhancement per Eu ion (60 MHz, 298 K), but a rigid linking strategy led to an excellent (186 %) increase in contrast enhancement despite this compound's having the smaller molecular mass of the two dimetallic complexes. We envision the rigid linking strategy to be useful in the future design of potent EuII -based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Guo-Xia Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Mukaimine A, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H. Asymmetric bismuth-rhodamines as an activatable fluorogenic photosensitizer. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3611-3619. [PMID: 33506853 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth-rhodamine compounds stand out for their unique excitable photosensitizing properties and concomitant fluorescence; however, further knowledge of the structure-property relationship is required to expand the scope of their practical application. With this aim, this study describes the first examples of asymmetric bismuth-incorporated rhodamines, BiRNH and BiRAc, including their synthesis, photophysical properties, and photosensitizing abilities. Upon red light excitation, BiRNH exhibits detectable emission and photosensitizing properties, while the N-acetylated derivative BiRAc shows a hypsochromic shift in the absorption wavelength and attenuation of emission and photosensitizing ability. These significantly different photophysical properties enabled us to design an activatable fluorogenic photosensitizer, BiRGlu, which bears a γ-glutamyl group instead of the acetyl group in BiRAc. The γ-glutamyl group can be cleaved by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) to produce BiRNH, which acts as a red-light-excitable fluorophore and photosensitizer. A cell study revealed that the phototoxicity and fluorescence of BiRGlu could be simultaneously and selectively activated in the cells with high GGT activity. Thus, we established that BiRNH could be envisaged as a versatile scaffold for activatable fluorogenic photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akari Mukaimine
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao Y, Qian X. Substitution of oxygen with silicon: A big step forward for fluorescent dyes in life science. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Feng X, Wang Y, Feng W, Peng Y. Development of BINOL-Si complexes with large stokes shifts and their application as chemodosimeters for nerve agent. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Deng F, Liu L, Huang W, Huang C, Qiao Q, Xu Z. Systematic study of synthesizing various heteroatom-substituted rhodamines from diaryl ether analogues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118466. [PMID: 32521444 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dye rhodamine, as the most popular scaffold to construct fluorescent labels and probes, has been explored extensively on its structure-fluorescence relationships. Particularly, the replacement of the oxygen atom in the 10th position with heteroatoms obtained various new rhodamines with improved photophysical properties, such as brightness, photostability, red-shifted emission and fluorogenicity. However, the applications of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines have been hindered by difficult synthetic routes. Herein, we explored the condensation strategy of diaryl ether analogues and o-tolualdehyde to synthesize various heteroatom-substituted rhodamines. We found that the electron property and steric effect in the rhodamine 10th position determined the synthetic yield. It's concluded that this condensation method was more suitable for the synthesis of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines with small or electron-donating groups like rhodamine, S-rhodamine and Si-rhodamine. We hope these results will benefit the design and synthesis of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Chunfang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bachman JL, Pavlich CI, Boley AJ, Marcotte EM, Anslyn EV. Synthesis of Carboxy ATTO 647N Using Redox Cycling for Xanthone Access. Org Lett 2020; 22:381-385. [PMID: 31825225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of the carbopyronine dye Carboxy ATTO 647N from simple materials is reported. This route proceeds in 11 forward steps from 3-bromoaniline with the key xanthone intermediate formed using a new oxidation methodology. The step utilizes an oxidation cycle with base, water, iodine, and more than doubles the yield of the standard permanganate oxidation methodology, accessing gram-scale quantities of this late-stage product. From this, Carboxy ATTO 647N was prepared in only four additional steps. This facile route to a complex fluorophore is expected to enable further studies in fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Bachman
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Cyprian I Pavlich
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Alexander J Boley
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao M, Guo YS, Xu WN, Zhao YF, Xie HY, Li HJ, Chen XF, Zhao RS, Guo DS. Far-red to near-infrared fluorescent probes based on silicon-substituted xanthene dyes for sensing and imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
19
|
Kanagasundaram T, Timmermann A, Kramer CS, Kopka K. A new approach to silicon rhodamines by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling - scope and limitations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2569-2576. [PMID: 31728171 PMCID: PMC6839552 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Silicon rhodamines are of particular interest because of their advantageous dye properties (fluorescence- and biostability, quantum efficiency, tolerance to photobleaching). Therefore, silicon rhodamines find frequent application in STED (stimulated emission depletion) microscopy, as sensor molecules for, e.g., ions and as fluorophores for the optical imaging of tumors. Different strategies were already employed for their synthesis. Because of just three known literature examples in which Suzuki–Miyaura cross couplings gave access to silicon rhodamines in poor to moderate yields, we wanted to improve these first valuable experimental results. Results: The preparation of the xanthene triflate was enhanced and several boron sources were screened to find the optimal coupling partner. After optimization of the palladium catalyst, different substituted boroxines were assessed to explore the scope of the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Conclusions: A number of silicon rhodamines were synthesized under the optimized conditions in up to 91% yield without the necessity of HPLC purification. Moreover, silicon rhodamines functionalized with free acid moieties are directly accessible in contrast to previously described methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thines Kanagasundaram
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Timmermann
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten S Kramer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mitochondria-targeting NIR fluorescent probe for rapid, highly sensitive and selective visualization of nitroxyl in live cells, tissues and mice. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
21
|
Matthias J, Kanagasundaram T, Kopka K, Kramer CS. Synthesis of a dihalogenated pyridinyl silicon rhodamine for mitochondrial imaging by a halogen dance rearrangement. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2333-2343. [PMID: 31666868 PMCID: PMC6808212 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since their first synthesis, silicon xanthenes and the subsequently developed silicon rhodamines (SiR) gained a lot of attention as attractive fluorescence dyes offering a broad field of application. We aimed for the synthesis of a fluorinable pyridinyl silicon rhodamine for the use in multimodal (PET/OI) medical imaging of mitochondria in cancerous cells. Results: A dihalogenated fluorinatable pyridinyl rhodamine could be successfully synthesized with the high yield of 85% by application of a halogen dance (HD) rearrangement. The near-infrared dye shows a quantum yield of 0.34, comparable to other organelle targeting SiR derivatives and absorbs at 665 nm (εmax = 34 000 M−1cm−1) and emits at 681 nm (τ = 1.9 ns). Using colocalization experiments with MitoTracker® Green FM, we could prove the intrinsic targeting ability to mitochondria in two human cell lines (Pearson coefficient >0.8). The dye is suitable for live cell STED nanoscopy imaging and shows a nontoxic profile which makes it an appropriate candidate for medical imaging. Conclusions: We present a biocompatible, nontoxic, small molecule near-infrared dye with the option of subsequent radiolabelling and excellent optical properties for medical and bioimaging. As a compound with intrinsic mitochondria targeting ability, the radiolabelled analogue can be applied in multimodal (PET/OI) imaging of mitochondria for diagnostic and therapeutic use in, e.g., cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Matthias
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz International Graduate School, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thines Kanagasundaram
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten S Kramer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang J, Wu Y, Zeng F, Wu S. An Activatable Near-Infrared Chromophore for Multispectral Optoacoustic Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia and for Tumor Inhibition. Theranostics 2019; 9:7313-7324. [PMID: 31695770 PMCID: PMC6831286 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key hallmark of solid tumors and tumor hypoxia usually contributes to cancer progression, therapeutic resistance and poor outcome. Accurately detecting and imaging tumor hypoxia with high spatial resolution would be conducive to formulating optimized treatment plan and thus achieving better patient outcome. Methods: Tumor hypoxia can cleave the azo linker and release a NIR fluorophore (NR-NH2) and release the active drug as well. NR-NH2 shows a strong absorption band at around 680 nm and a strong fluorescence band at 710 nm, allowing for both multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging (MSOT) and fluorescent imaging of tumor hypoxia in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Results: Liposome encapsulated with the activatable chromophore (NR-azo) for detecting/imaging tumor hypoxia and for tumor inhibition was demonstrated. For this chromophore, a xanthene-based NIR fluorophore acts as the optoacoustic and fluorescent reporter, an azo linker serves as the hypoxia-responsive moiety and a nitrogen mustard as the therapeutic drug. NR-azo shows an absorption at around 575 nm but exhibits negligible fluorescence due to the existence of the strong electron-withdrawing azo linker. Conclusion: We demonstrated an optoacoustic and fluorescent system for not only imaging tumor hypoxia in vivo but also achieving tumor inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, College of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, College of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Long Z, Chen L, Dang Y, Chen D, Lou X, Xia F. An ultralow concentration of two-photon fluorescent probe for rapid and selective detection of lysosomal cysteine in living cells. Talanta 2019; 204:762-768. [PMID: 31357363 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we reported a two-photon (TP) fluorescence "turn-on" probe MNPO, exhibiting high selectivity and sensitivity towards intracellular cysteine (Cys) with excellent lysosomal localization. The probe displayed fast response towards Cys over homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH), and other various analytes under physiological conditions. Low cytotoxicity made it successful for TP imaging of Cys in HeLa cells with an ultralow probe concentration of 250 nM, and a rapid response of only 10 min. Simultaneously, colocalization experiments in lysosome demonstrated its ability for specific in situ detection of lysosomal Cys in living cells, which shed light on its potential applications in biomedical applications. Beyond that MNPO was successfully applied for TP imaging of Cys in mice organ tissues such as heart, liver, and spleen, and the penetration depth of mice heart tissue was up to 184 μm, which disclosed the predominant TP characteristic. We believe that this study will provide some useful information toward diagnosis and treatment of pathogenesis associated with Cys or lysosomes in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Long
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yecheng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wen S, Zhang W, Ren T, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Shi L, Hu R, Zhang X, Yuan L. Donor and Ring‐Fusing Engineering for Far‐Red to Near‐Infrared Triphenylpyrylium Fluorophores with Enhanced Fluorescence Performance for Sensing and Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:6973-6979. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Yu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Tian‐Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Qian‐Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Ling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal FormulaAnhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei Anhui 230038 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hanaoka K. [Development of Novel Dark Quenchers and Their Application to Imaging Probes]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:277-283. [PMID: 30713240 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodamine dyes are among the most widely used fluorescent dyes for bioimaging due to their high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability. Recently, novel far-red to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes have been developed: Si-rhodamines (SiRs), in which the O atom of conventional rhodamine dyes at the 10 position of the xanthene moiety is replaced with a Si atom. These SiRs are excellent long-wavelength fluorophores for bioimaging, as they retain the advantageous photophysical properties of conventional rhodamine dyes. Further, we focused on the QSY dark quenchers, which contain the rhodamine scaffold bearing aromatic rings at the N atoms at the 3,6-positions of the xanthene moiety; these show no fluorescence, irrespective of solvent polarity and pH. NIR fluorescent probes based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism have various practical advantages, and their molecular design is generally based on the use of NIR dark quenchers as cleavable FRET acceptors. However, few NIR dark quenchers can quench fluorescence in the Cy7 region (over 780 nm). We successfully developed SiR-based NIR dark quenchers (SiNQs) which show broad absorption covering this region. To demonstrate their usefulness, we designed and synthesized a NIR fluorescence probe for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity using SiNQs. The developed probe was able to detect MMP activity in terms of NIR fluorescence, not only in vitro, but also in cultured cells and in a tumor-bearing mouse, in which the tumor was clearly visualized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang J, Chai X, He XP, Kim HJ, Yoon J, Tian H. Fluorogenic probes for disease-relevant enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:683-722. [PMID: 30520895 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional biochemical methods for enzyme detection are mainly based on antibody-based immunoassays, which lack the ability to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and, in particular, the in situ activity of enzymes in live cells and in vivo. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress that has been made in the development of small-molecule as well as material-based fluorogenic probes for sensitive detection of the activities of enzymes that are related to a number of human diseases. The principles utilized to design these probes as well as their applications are reviewed. Specific attention is given to fluorogenic probes that have been developed for analysis of the activities of enzymes including oxidases and reductases, those that act on biomacromolecules including DNAs, proteins/peptides/amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids, and those that are responsible for translational modifications. We envision that this review will serve as an ideal reference for practitioners as well as beginners in relevant research fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Chen Q, Wu J, Zhu W, Wu Y, Fan X, Zhang G, Li Y, Jiang G. A highly selective and light-up red emissive fluorescent probe for imaging of penicillin G amidase inBacillus cereus. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and red-emissive fluorescent probe (HCyNB) for penicillin G amidase (PGA) has been prepared and used for imaging of endogenousPGAin penicillinase-producingBacillus subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Romieu A, Dejouy G, Valverde IE. Quest for novel fluorogenic xanthene dyes: Synthesis, spectral properties and stability of 3-imino-3H-xanthen-6-amine (pyronin) and its silicon analog. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|