1
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Nava E, Singh A, Williams LO, Arango JC, Nagubandi KA, Pintro CJ, Claridge SA. Sub-10 μm Soft Interlayers Integrating Patterned Multivalent Biomolecular Binding Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44152-44163. [PMID: 39133196 PMCID: PMC11346468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Designing surfaces that enable controlled presentation of multivalent ligand clusters (e.g., for rapid screening of biomolecular binding constants or design of artificial extracellular matrices) is a cross-cutting challenge in materials and interfacial chemistry. Existing approaches frequently rely on complex building blocks or scaffolds and are often specific to individual substrate chemistries. Thus, an interlayer chemistry that enabled efficient nanometer-scale patterning on a transferrable layer and subsequent integration with other classes of materials could substantially broaden the scope of surfaces available for sensors and wearable electronics. Recently, we have shown that it is possible to assemble nanometer-resolution chemical patterns on substrates including graphite, use diacetylene polymerization to lock the molecular pattern together, and then covalently transfer the pattern to amorphous materials (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), which would not natively enable high degrees of control over ligand presentation. Here, we develop a low-viscosity PDMS formulation that generates very thin films (<10 μm) with dense cross-linking, enabling high-efficiency surface functionalization with polydiacetylene arrays displaying carbohydrates and other functional groups (up to 10-fold greater than other soft materials we have used previously) on very thin films that can be integrated with other materials (e.g., glass and soft materials) to enable a highly controlled multivalent ligand display. We use swelling and other characterization methods to relate surface functionalization efficiency to the average distance between cross-links in the PDMS, developing design principles that can be used to create even thinner transfer layers. In the context of this work, we apply this approach using precision glycopolymers presenting structured arrays of N-acetyl glucosamine ligands for lectin binding assays. More broadly, this interlayer approach lays groundwork for designing surface layers for the presentation of ligand clusters on soft materials for applications including wearable electronics and artificial extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel
K. Nava
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Laura O. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Juan C. Arango
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | | | - Chris J. Pintro
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Shelley A. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
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2
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Bergendal E, Rutland MW. Unveiling Texture and Topography of Fatty Acid Langmuir Films: Domain Stability and Isotherm Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10468-10476. [PMID: 38713000 PMCID: PMC11112731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
3D texturing by self-assembly at the air-water interface has recently been proposed. The hypothesis of this work is that, if this is true, such domain formation should be inferable directly from pressure-area isotherms and be thermodynamically stable. Monolayers of branched fatty acid mixtures with straight chain analogues and their stability are thus studied using a combination of pressure-area isotherms, thermodynamic analysis, in situ Brewster angle microscopy, and atomic force microscopy of both LB-deposited and drop-cast films on silicon wafers. Isotherms reflecting the behavior of monodisperse 3D domains are shown to be independent of compression rate and display long-term stability. Gibbs analysis further confirms the thermodynamic rather than kinetic origin of such novel species by revealing that deviations from ideal mixing can be explained only a priori by differences in the topography of the water surface, thus also indirectly confirming the self-assembly deformation of the water interface. The intrinsic self-assembly curvature and miscibility of the two fatty acids is confirmed by drop-casting, which also provides a rapid, tunable thin-film preparation approach. Finally, the longevity of the nanostructured films is extraordinary, the long-range order of the deposited films increases with equilibration time at the water interface, and the integrity of the nanopatterns remains intact on the scale of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bergendal
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Mark W. Rutland
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Box 5607, Stockholm SE-114 86, Sweden
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Laboratoire
de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, École Centrale de Lyon, Ecully Cedex 69134, France
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3
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Zhang Y, Su H, Wang W, Dong M, Han X. Phospholipid Epitaxial Assembly Behavior on a Hydrophobic Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1439-1446. [PMID: 38163753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are excellent models of cell membranes. However, most SLBs exist in the form of phospholipid molecules standing on a substrate, making it difficult to have a side view of the phospholipid membranes. In this study, the phospholipid striped lamella with the arrangement of their alkane tails lying on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was constructed by a spin coating method. Atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to study the self-assembly of phospholipids on HOPG. Results show that various phospholipids with different packing parameters and electrical property are able to epitaxially adsorb on HOPG. 0.1 mg/mL Plasm PC (0.1 mg/mL) could form a striped monolayer with a width of 5.93 ± 0.21 nm and form relatively stable four striped layers with the concentration increasing to 1 mg/mL. The width of the DOPS multilayer is more than that of electroneutral lipids due to the static electrical repulsion force. This universal strategy sheds light on direct observation of the membrane structure from the side view and modification of 2D materials with amphiphilic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark
| | - Hui Su
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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4
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Shi A, Singh A, Williams LO, Arango JC, Claridge SA. Nanometer-Scale Precision Polymer Patterning of PDMS: Multiscale Insights into Patterning Efficiency Using Alkyldiynamines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22634-22642. [PMID: 35512386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most high-resolution interfacial patterning approaches are restricted to crystalline inorganic interfaces. Recently, we have shown that it is possible to generate 1 nm resolution functional patterns on soft materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), by creating highly structured striped patterns of functional alkyldiacetylenes on a hard crystalline surface, photopolymerizing to set the molecular pattern as a striped-phase polydiacetylene (sPDA), and then covalently transferring the sPDAs to PDMS. Transfer depends on the diacetylene polymerization, making it important to understand design principles for efficient sPDA polymerization and cross-linking to PDMS. Here, we combine single-molecule and fluorescence-based metrics for sPDA polymerization and transfer, first to characterize sPDA polymerization of amine striped phases, and then to develop a probabilistic model that describes the transfer process in terms of sPDA-PDMS cross-linking reaction efficiency and number of reactions required for transfer. We illustrate that transferred patterns of alkylamines can be used to direct both adsorption of CdSe nanocrystals with alkyl ligand shells and covalent reactions with fluorescent dyes, highlighting the utility of functional patterning of the PDMS surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Laura O Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juan C Arango
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Zhang J, Jiang D, Wang D, Yu Q, Bai Y, Cai M, Weng L, Zhou F, Liu W. MoS 2 Lubricating Film Meets Supramolecular Gel: A Novel Composite Lubricating System for Space Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58036-58047. [PMID: 34841845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the field of space mechanical lubrication, to improve the reliability and life of space lubrication, solid lubricating film-liquid lubricant composite lubrication has been used in recent years. This lubrication method can improve the durability of sliding friction mating surfaces, reduce equipment wear, and extend the service life of motion mechanisms. However, due to unstable factors such as volatilization and creeping of liquid lubricants in microgravity and ultra-high-vacuum environments, the solid lubricating film wears out after long-term use and produces wear debris and other unfavorable factors. To solve the above problems, this study proposes a novel composite lubrication system constituting a MoS2 film in combination with a supramolecular gel. The tribological performance of this lubrication system establishes an extended service life with a lower wear rate compared to the MoS2 film, regardless of functioning in vacuum or atmospheric conditions. More importantly, the results of the irradiation experiment demonstrate that MoS2-gel exhibits better anticreep performance as compared to MoS2-oil when exposed to atomic oxygen and ultraviolet light for 4 h. The analysis of this composite lubrication mechanism also reveals the formation of a continuous transfer film on the surface of the friction pairs by virtue of the outstanding synergistic effect between the MoS2 film and the gel. MoS2 debris is present in the gel as an additive, and the gel is capable of replenishing automatically once the MoS2 film is depleted. Moreover, the strong anticreep properties of the gel are attributable to the multialkylated cyclopentane oil being trapped by the intricate reassembling of the gelator network. It is firmly believed that this novel MoS2-gel composite lubrication system may have good prospective applications in space and special machinery domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiangliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meirong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Zhao Y, Gobbi M, Hueso LE, Samorì P. Molecular Approach to Engineer Two-Dimensional Devices for CMOS and beyond-CMOS Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:50-131. [PMID: 34816723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades. Their unique optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties make 2DMs key building blocks for the fabrication of novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS devices. Major advances in device functionality and performance have been made by the covalent or noncovalent functionalization of 2DMs with molecules: while the molecular coating of metal electrodes and dielectrics allows for more efficient charge injection and transport through the 2DMs, the combination of dynamic molecular systems, capable to respond to external stimuli, with 2DMs makes it possible to generate hybrid systems possessing new properties by realizing stimuli-responsive functional devices and thereby enabling functional diversification in More-than-Moore technologies. In this review, we first introduce emerging 2DMs, various classes of (macro)molecules, and molecular switches and discuss their relevant properties. We then turn to 2DM/molecule hybrid systems and the various physical and chemical strategies used to synthesize them. Next, we discuss the use of molecules and assemblies thereof to boost the performance of 2D transistors for CMOS applications and to impart diverse functionalities in beyond-CMOS devices. Finally, we present the challenges, opportunities, and long-term perspectives in this technologically promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhao
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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7
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Shi A, Villarreal TA, Singh A, Hayes TR, Davis TC, Brooks JT, Claridge SA. Plenty of Room at the Top: A Multi‐Scale Understanding of nm‐Resolution Polymer Patterning on 2D Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | | | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Tyler R. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Tyson C. Davis
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Jacob T. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Shelley A. Claridge
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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8
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Shi A, Villarreal TA, Singh A, Hayes TR, Davis TC, Brooks JT, Claridge SA. Plenty of Room at the Top: A Multi-Scale Understanding of nm-Resolution Polymer Patterning on 2D Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25436-25444. [PMID: 34549520 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lamellar phases of alkyldiacetylenes in which the alkyl chains lie parallel to the substrate represent a straightforward means for scalable 1-nm-resolution interfacial patterning. This capability has the potential for substantial impacts in nanoscale electronics, energy conversion, and biomaterials design. Polymerization is required to set the 1-nm functional patterns embedded in the monolayer, making it important to understand structure-function relationships for these on-surface reactions. Polymerization can be observed for certain monomers at the single-polymer scale using scanning probe microscopy. However, substantial restrictions on the systems that can be effectively characterized have limited utility. Here, using a new multi-scale approach, we identify a large, previously unreported difference in polymerization efficiency between the two most widely used commercial diynoic acids. We further identify a core design principle for maximizing polymerization efficiency in these on-surface reactions, generating a new monomer that also exhibits enhanced polymerization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tyler R Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tyson C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacob T Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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9
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Abstract
The evolution of lipids in nanoscience exemplifies the powerful coupling of advances in science and technology. Here, we describe two waves of discovery and innovation in lipid materials: one historical and one still building. The first wave leveraged the relatively simple capability for lipids to orient at interfaces, building layers of functional groups. This simple form of building with atoms yielded a stunning range of technologies: lubricant additives that dramatically extended machine lifetimes, molecules that enabled selective ore extraction in mining, and soaps that improved human health. It also set the stage for many areas of modern nanoscience. The second wave of lipid materials, still growing, uses the more complex toolkits lipids offer for building with atoms, including controlling atomic environment to control function (e.g., pKa tuning) and the generation of more arbitrary two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, including lipid nanoparticles for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Zhang S, Chen J, Liu J, Pyles H, Baker D, Chen CL, De Yoreo JJ. Engineering Biomolecular Self-Assembly at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1905784. [PMID: 32627885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular self-assembly is a key process used by life to build functional materials from the "bottom up." In the last few decades, bioengineering and bionanotechnology have borrowed this strategy to design and synthesize numerous biomolecular and hybrid materials with diverse architectures and properties. However, engineering biomolecular self-assembly at solid-liquid interfaces into predesigned architectures lags the progress made in bulk solution both in practice and theory. Here, recent achievements in programming self-assembly of peptides, proteins, and peptoids at solid-liquid interfaces are summarized and corresponding applications are described. Recent advances in the physical understandings of self-assembly pathways obtained using in situ atomic force microscopy are also discussed. These advances will lead to novel strategies for designing biomaterials organized at and interfaced with inorganic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jianli Liu
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523830, China
| | - Harley Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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11
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Davis TC, Bechtold JO, Shi A, Lang EN, Singh A, Claridge SA. One Nanometer Wide Functional Patterns with a Sub-10 Nanometer Pitch Transferred to an Amorphous Elastomeric Material. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1426-1435. [PMID: 33410675 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Decades of work in surface science have established the ability to functionalize clean inorganic surfaces with sub-nm precision, but for many applications, it would be useful to provide similar control over the surface chemistry of amorphous materials such as elastomers. Here, we show that striped monolayers of diyne amphiphiles, assembled on graphite and photopolymerized, can be covalently transferred to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an elastomer common in applications including microfluidics, soft robotics, wearable electronics, and cell culture. This process creates precision polymer films <1 nm thick, with 1 nm wide functional patterns, which control interfacial wetting and reactivity, and template adsorption of flexible, ultranarrow Au nanowires. The polydiacetylenes exhibit polarized fluorescence emission, revealing polymer location, orientation, and environment, and resist engulfment, a common problem in PDMS functionalization. These findings illustrate a route for patterning surface chemistry below the length scale of heterogeneity in an amorphous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeremiah O Bechtold
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Erin N Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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Hayes TR, Lang EN, Shi A, Claridge SA. Large-Scale Noncovalent Functionalization of 2D Materials through Thermally Controlled Rotary Langmuir-Schaefer Conversion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10577-10586. [PMID: 32852207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As two-dimensional (2D) materials are more broadly utilized as components of hybrid materials, controlling their surface chemistry over large areas through noncovalent functionalization becomes increasingly important. Here, we demonstrate a thermally controlled rotary transfer stage that allows areas of a 2D material to be continuously cycled into contact with a Langmuir film. This approach enables functionalization of large areas of the 2D material and simultaneously improves long-range ordering, achieving ordered domain areas up to nearly 10 000 μm2. To highlight the layer-by-layer processing capability of the rotary transfer stage, large-area noncovalently adsorbed monolayer films from an initial rotary cycle were used as templates to assemble ultranarrow gold nanowires from solution. The process we demonstrate would be readily extensible to roll-to-roll processing, addressing a longstanding challenge in scaling Langmuir-Schaefer transfer for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Erin N Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anni Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shelley A Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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