1
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Dore MD, Rafique MG, Yang TP, Zorman M, Platnich CM, Xu P, Trinh T, Rizzuto FJ, Cosa G, Li J, Guarné A, Sleiman HF. Heat-activated growth of metastable and length-defined DNA fibers expands traditional polymer assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4384. [PMID: 38782917 PMCID: PMC11116425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers such as nucleic acids and proteins exhibit dynamic backbone folding, wherein site-specific intramolecular interactions determine overall structure. Proteins then hierarchically assemble into supramolecular polymers such as microtubules, that are robust yet dynamic, constantly growing or shortening to adjust to cellular needs. The combination of dynamic, energy-driven folding and growth with structural stiffness and length control is difficult to achieve in synthetic polymer self-assembly. Here we show that highly charged, monodisperse DNA-oligomers assemble via seeded growth into length-controlled supramolecular fibers during heating; when the temperature is lowered, these metastable fibers slowly disassemble. Furthermore, the specific molecular structures of oligomers that promote fiber formation contradict the typical theory of block copolymer self-assembly. Efficient curling and packing of the oligomers - or 'curlamers' - determine morphology, rather than hydrophobic to hydrophilic ratio. Addition of a small molecule stabilises the DNA fibers, enabling temporal control of polymer lifetime and underscoring their potential use in nucleic-acid delivery, stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dore
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada
| | | | - Tianxiao Peter Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marlo Zorman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Casey M Platnich
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada
| | - Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada
| | - Felix J Rizzuto
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Alba Guarné
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H3A 08B, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Schaudy E, Ibañez-Redín G, Parlar E, Somoza MM, Lietard J. Nonaqueous Oxidation in DNA Microarray Synthesis Improves the Oligonucleotide Quality and Preserves Surface Integrity on Gold and Indium Tin Oxide Substrates. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2378-2386. [PMID: 38285499 PMCID: PMC10867803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids attached to electrically conductive surfaces are very frequently used platforms for sensing and analyte detection as well as for imaging. Synthesizing DNA on these uncommon substrates and preserving the conductive layer is challenging as this coating tends to be damaged by the repeated use of iodine and water, which is the standard oxidizing medium following phosphoramidite coupling. Here, we thoroughly investigate the use of camphorsulfonyl oxaziridine (CSO), a nonaqueous alternative to I2/H2O, for the synthesis of DNA microarrays in situ. We find that CSO performs equally well in producing high hybridization signals on glass microscope slides, and CSO also protects the conductive layer on gold and indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated slides. DNA synthesis on conductive substrates with CSO oxidation yields microarrays of quality approaching that of conventional glass with intact physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Schaudy
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gisela Ibañez-Redín
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Etkin Parlar
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, Freising 85354, Germany
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jory Lietard
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
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3
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Kaviani S, Fakih HH, Asohan J, Katolik A, Damha MJ, Sleiman HF. Sequence-Controlled Spherical Nucleic Acids: Gene Silencing, Encapsulation, and Cellular Uptake. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:265-276. [PMID: 37196168 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can predictably alter RNA processing and control protein expression; however, challenges in the delivery of these therapeutics to specific tissues, poor cellular uptake, and endosomal escape have impeded progress in translating these agents into the clinic. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanoparticles with a DNA external shell and a hydrophobic core that arise from the self-assembly of ASO strands conjugated to hydrophobic polymers. SNAs have recently shown significant promise as vehicles for improving the efficacy of ASO cellular uptake and gene silencing. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of the hydrophobic polymer sequence on the biological properties of SNAs. In this study, we created a library of ASO conjugates by covalently attaching polymers with linear or branched [dodecanediol phosphate] units and systematically varying polymer sequence and composition. We show that these parameters can significantly impact encapsulation efficiency, gene silencing activity, SNA stability, and cellular uptake, thus outlining optimized polymer architectures for gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kaviani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hassan H Fakih
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jathavan Asohan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adam Katolik
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Masad J Damha
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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4
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Rafique MG, Remington JM, Clark F, Bai H, Toader V, Perepichka DF, Li J, Sleiman HF. Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymerization of DNA Amphiphiles is Driven by Sequence-Dependent DNA-Chromophore Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217814. [PMID: 36939824 PMCID: PMC10239398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) assemblies of water-soluble block copolymers have been limited by a dearth of systematic studies that relate polymer structure to pathway mechanism and supramolecular morphology. Here, we employ sequence-defined triblock DNA amphiphiles for the supramolecular polymerization of free-standing DNA nanosheets in water. Our systematic modulation of amphiphile sequence shows the alkyl chain core forming a cell membrane-like structure and the distal π-stacking chromophore block folding back to interact with the hydrophilic DNA block on the nanosheet surface. This interaction is crucial to sheet formation, marked by a chiral "signature", and sensitive to DNA sequence, where nanosheets form with a mixed sequence, but not with a homogeneous poly(thymine) sequence. This work opens the possibility of forming well-ordered, bilayer-like assemblies using a single DNA amphiphile for applications in cell sensing, nucleic acid therapeutic delivery and enzyme arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob M. Remington
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Finley Clark
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Haochen Bai
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Violeta Toader
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmytro F. Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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5
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Fakih HH, Katolik A, Malek-Adamian E, Fakhoury JJ, Kaviani S, Damha MJ, Sleiman HF. Design and enhanced gene silencing activity of spherical 2'-fluoroarabinose nucleic acids (FANA-SNAs). Chem Sci 2021; 12:2993-3003. [PMID: 34164068 PMCID: PMC8179377 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery vectors for nucleic acid therapeutics (NATs) face significant barriers for translation into the clinic. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) – nanoparticles with an exterior shell made up of DNA strands and a hydrophobic interior – have recently shown great potential as vehicles to improve the biodistribution and efficacy of NATs. To date, SNA design has not taken advantage of the powerful chemical modifications available to NATs. Here, we modify SNAs with 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-d-arabinonucleic acid (FANA-SNA), and show increased stability, enhanced gene silencing potency and unaided uptake (gymnosis) as compared to free FANA. By varying the spacer region between the nucleic acid strand and the attached hydrophobic polymer, we show that a cleavable DNA based spacer is essential for maximum activity. This design feature will be important when implementing functionalized nucleic acids into nanostructures for gene silencing. The modularity of the FANA-SNA was demonstrated by silencing two different targets. Transfection-free delivery was superior for the modified SNA compared to the free FANA oligonucleotide. Optimizing FANA modified spherical nucleic acids (FANA-SNAs) for highly efficient delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Fakih
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Adam Katolik
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | | | - Johans J Fakhoury
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Sepideh Kaviani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Masad J Damha
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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6
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Li X, Feng K, Li L, Yang L, Pan X, Yazd HS, Cui C, Li J, Moroz L, Sun Y, Wang B, Li X, Huang T, Tan W. Lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates for bioapplications. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1933-1953. [PMID: 34691533 PMCID: PMC8290939 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates (LONs) are powerful molecular-engineering materials for various applications ranging from biosensors to biomedicine. Their unique amphiphilic structures enable the self-assembly and the conveyance of information with high fidelity. In particular, LONs present remarkable potential in measuring cellular mechanical forces and monitoring cell behaviors. LONs are also essential sensing tools for intracellular imaging and have been employed in developing cell-surface-anchored DNA nanostructures for biomimetic-engineering studies. When incorporating therapeutic oligonucleotides or small-molecule drugs, LONs hold promise for targeted therapy. Moreover, LONs mediate the controllable assembly and fusion of vesicles based on DNA-strand displacements, contributing to nanoreactor construction and macromolecule delivery. In this review, we will summarize the general synthesis strategies of LONs, provide some characterization analysis and emphasize recent advances in bioanalytical and biomedical applications. We will also consider the relevant challenges and suggest future directions for building better functional LONs in nanotechnology and materials-science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Kejun Feng
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Long Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Hoda Safari Yazd
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Cheng Cui
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Juan Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Leonid Moroz
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Yujia Sun
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bang Wang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Tong Huang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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7
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Xiao F, Chen Z, Wei Z, Tian L. Hydrophobic Interaction: A Promising Driving Force for the Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001048. [PMID: 32832360 PMCID: PMC7435255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive understanding and proper use of supramolecular interactions have become critical for the development of functional materials, and so is the biomedical application of nucleic acids (NAs). Relatively rare attention has been paid to hydrophobic interaction compared with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction of NAs. However, hydrophobic interaction shows some unique properties, such as high tunability for application interest, minimal effect on NA functionality, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Therefore, the widespread use of hydrophobic interaction has promoted the evolution of NA-based biomaterials in higher-order self-assembly, drug/gene-delivery systems, and stimuli-responsive systems. Herein, the recent progress of NA-based biomaterials whose fabrications or properties are highly determined by hydrophobic interactions is summarized. 1) The hydrophobic interaction of NA itself comes from the accumulation of base-stacking forces, by which the NAs with certain base compositions and chain lengths show properties similar to thermal-responsive polymers. 2) In conjugation with hydrophobic molecules, NA amphiphiles show interesting self-assembly structures with unique properties in many new biosensing and therapeutic strategies. 3) The working-mechanisms of some NA-based complex materials are also dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, in recent attempts, NA amphiphiles have been applied in organizing macroscopic self-assembly of DNA origami and controlling the cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyNangang DistrictHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and AgingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and AgingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
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8
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Jin JO, Kim G, Hwang J, Han KH, Kwak M, Lee PCW. Nucleic acid nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188377. [PMID: 32418899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prevalent potentially lethal diseases. With the increase in the number of investigations into the uses of nanotechnology, many nucleic acid (NA)-based nanostructures such as small interfering RNA, microRNA, aptamers, and immune adjuvant NA have been applied to treat cancer. Here, we discuss studies on the applications of NA in cancer treatment, recent research trends, and the limitations and prospects of specific NA-mediated gene therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. The NA structures used for cancer therapy consist only of NA or hybrids comprising organic or inorganic substances integrated with functional NA. We also discuss delivery vehicles for therapeutic NA and anti-cancer agents, and recent trends in NA-based gene therapy and immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
| | - Gyurin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea; DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany.
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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9
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Xiao F, Wei Z, Wang M, Hoff A, Bao Y, Tian L. Oligonucleotide-Polymer Conjugates: From Molecular Basics to Practical Application. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:24. [PMID: 32064539 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA exhibits many attractive properties, such as programmability, precise self-assembly, sequence-coded biomedical functions, and good biocompatibility; therefore, DNA has been used extensively as a building block to construct novel nanomaterials. Recently, studies on oligonucleotide-polymer conjugates (OPCs) have attracted increasing attention. As hybrid molecules, OPCs exhibit novel properties, e.g., sophisticated self-assembly behaviors, which are distinct from the simple combination of the functions of DNA and polymer, making OPCs interesting and useful. The synthesis and applications of OPCs are highly dependent on the choice of the polymer block, but a systematic summary of OPCs based on their molecular structures is still lacking. In order to design OPCs for further applications, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the structure-function relationship of OPCs. In this review, we carefully categorize recently developed OPCs by the structures of the polymer blocks, and discuss the synthesis, purification, and applications for each category. Finally, we will comment on future prospects for OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Alexandra Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA.
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Valsangkar VA, Chandrasekaran AR, Zhuo L, Mao S, Lee GW, Kizer M, Wang X, Halvorsen K, Sheng J. Click and photo-release dual-functional nucleic acid nanostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9709-9712. [PMID: 31353371 PMCID: PMC6687541 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We functionalize nucleic acid nanostructures with click chemistry (for attachment of cargos) and a photocleavable linker (for release). We demonstrate cargo attachment using a fluorescein dye and release using UV trigger from an RNA three-way junction, a DNA star motif and a DNA tetrahedron. Such multifunctional nucleic acid nanostructures have potential in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhav A Valsangkar
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | | | - Lifeng Zhuo
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Song Mao
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Goh Woon Lee
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Megan Kizer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ken Halvorsen
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Jia Sheng
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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11
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Fakih HH, Fakhoury JJ, Bousmail D, Sleiman HF. Minimalist Design of a Stimuli-Responsive Spherical Nucleic Acid for Conditional Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13912-13920. [PMID: 30720262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a component-minimal spherical nucleic acid (SNA) from monodisperse DNA-polymer conjugates that can load and release nucleic acid therapeutics in a stimuli-responsive manner. We show that this vehicle assembles from only four strands, and conditional release of its antisense therapeutic cargo can be induced upon recognition of specific oligonucleotide triggers via strand displacement. The latter (triggers) may be a microRNA that offers additional synergistic therapy, in addition to the previously shown ability of the SNA to load hydrophobic drugs. The SNA is easy to prepare, has dynamic character, releases its cargo only upon the presence of both triggers, and can survive biological conditions while protecting its cargo. The gene silencing potency of the cargo was tested in live cells and shown to be suppressed when loaded in the SNA, and its activity was restored only upon release with the two triggers. This vehicle has the essential characteristics of versatility, ease of synthesis, low cost, highly responsive behavior, and ability to support combination therapies, making it a promising candidate for cell-selective drug delivery and clinical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Fakih
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Johans J Fakhoury
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Danny Bousmail
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
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