1
|
Wu L, Yuan R, Wen T, Qin Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Liu JW. Recent advances in functional nucleic acid decorated nanomaterials for cancer imaging and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116546. [PMID: 38603885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials possess unusual physicochemical properties including unique optical, magnetic, electronic properties, and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, nanomaterials face some challenges when they were applied in the field of biomedicine. For example, some nanomaterials suffer from the limitations such as poor selectivity and biocompatibility, low stability, and solubility. To address the above-mentioned obstacles, functional nucleic acid has been widely served as a powerful and versatile ligand for modifying nanomaterials because of their unique characteristics, such as ease of modification, excellent biocompatibility, high stability, predictable intermolecular interaction and recognition ability. The functionally integrating functional nucleic acid with nanomaterials has produced various kinds of nanocomposites and recent advances in applications of functional nucleic acid decorated nanomaterials for cancer imaging and therapy were summarized in this review. Further, we offer an insight into the future challenges and perspectives of functional nucleic acid decorated nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ruitao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yingfeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jin-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhu L, Dong Y, Xu W. A ratiometric dual-fluorescent paper-based synthetic biosensor for visual detection of tetracycline on-site. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133647. [PMID: 38335608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The excessive use of tetracycline poses a threat to human health, making it essential to monitor and regulate its usage. While whole-cell biosensors offer a simple and cost-effective method, their utility is constrained by limitations in sensitivity, portability, and robustness, hindering real-time measurements within complex environmental contexts. In this study, a ratiometric i/cTetR synthetic biosensing test strip with an engineered modified dual-fluorescence reporting was developed for detecting Tet antibiotics in water and food. First, the standardized unidirectional promoter PtetR by tailoring and screening TetR transcription factor binding sites and verified by molecular docking, shortening the detection time. Secondly, decoupling the sensing and reporting modules enhances the biosensor's performance, eliminating genetic background leakage and tripling the output signal. Thirdly, a ratiometric dual fluorescence signal i/cTetR biosensing test strip was designed. Under the light box LED/UV light source, the dual signal output method significantly reduced false negative results and enhanced the anti-interference capability of the biosensor. The i/cTetR strips can detect Tet in tap water (5-1280 μg/mL) and milk (50-3200 μg/kg) within 45 min in high volume on-site without separation and purification. This study provides a standardized and universal sensing method for the field detection of antibiotic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanger Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Y, Jiang S, Wang PY, Hu J, Zhang CY. Autonomous enzymatic synthesis of functional nucleic acids for sensitive measurement of long noncoding RNA in human lung tissues. Talanta 2024; 274:126030. [PMID: 38574540 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression is linked to varied pathological processes and malignant tumors, and lncRNA can serve as potential disease biomarkers. Herein, we demonstrate the autonomous enzymatic synthesis of functional nucleic acids for sensitive measurement of lncRNA in human lung tissues on the basis of multiple primer generation-mediated rolling circle amplification (mPG-RCA). This assay involves two padlock probes that act as both a detection probe for recognizing target lncRNA and a domain for producing complementary DNAzyme. Two padlock probes can hybridize with target lncRNA at different sites, followed by ligation to form a circular template with the aid of RNA ligase. The circular template can initiate mPG-RCA to generate abundant Mg2+-dependent DNAzymes that can specifically cleave signal probes to induce the recovery of Cy3 fluorescence. The inherent characteristics of ligase-based ligation reaction and DNAzymes endow this assay with excellent specificity, and the introduction of multiple padlock probes endows this assay with high sensitivity. This strategy can rapidly and sensitively measure lncRNA with a wide linear range of 1 fM - 1 nM and a detection limit of 678 aM within 1.5 h, and it shows distinct advantages of simplicity and immobilization-free without the need of precise temperature control and tedious procedures of nanomaterial preparation. Moreover, it enables accurate measurement of lncRNA level in normal cells and malignant tumor cells as well as differentiation of lncRNA expressions in tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and normal individuals, with promising applications in biomedical studies and disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Juan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou J, Wang TY, Lan Z, Yang HJ, Ye XJ, Min R, Wang ZH, Huang Q, Cao J, Gao YE, Wang WL, Sun XL, Zhang Y. Strategy of functional nucleic acids-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of foodborne microbial contaminants: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113286. [PMID: 37803599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne microbial contamination (FMC) is the leading cause of food poisoning and foodborne illness. The foodborne microbial detection methods based on isothermal amplification have high sensitivity and short detection time, and functional nucleic acids (FNAs) could extend the detectable object of isothermal amplification to mycotoxins. Therefore, the strategy of FNAs-mediated isothermal amplification has been emergingly applied in biosensors for foodborne microbial contaminants detection, making biosensors more sensitive with lower cost and less dependent on nanomaterials for signal output. Here, the mechanism of six isothermal amplification technologies and their application in detecting FMC is firstly introduced. Then the strategy of FNAs-mediated isothermal amplification is systematically discussed from perspectives of FNAs' versatility including recognition elements (Aptamer, DNAzyme), programming tools (DNA tweezer, DNA walker and CRISPR-Cas) and signal units (G-quadruplex, FNAs-based nanomaterials). Finally, challenges and prospects are presented in terms of addressing the issue of nonspecific amplification reaction, developing better FNAs-based sensing elements and eliminating food matrix effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Teng-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhi Lan
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Han-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing-Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rui Min
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu-E Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen C, Zhong L, Wan P, Jia H, Liu B. Enzyme-free dual amplification biosensor based on functional nucleic acid and CDs/CoOOH for detection of leukemia fusion gene. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341623. [PMID: 37573112 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a specific fusion gene target, PML/RARα fusion gene (PML/RARα), which is formed by the translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17. Detection of PML/RARα is the most reliable parameter for the diagnosis, treatment adjustment, efficacy evaluation, prognosis analysis and relapse prediction of APL. In this study, a novel biosensor was constructed for rapid enzyme-free detection of PML/RARα using DNAzyme and carbon dots/cobalt oxhydroxide nanosheet complexs (CDs/CoOOH). In the detection system, the separated DNAzymes could specifically recognize and bind together by the PML/RARα to form a complete DNAzyme for shearing hairpin probe (HP), then generated trigger, which was the first signal amplification. Then, trigger could hybridize with the capture probe (CP) anchored to streptavidin (SA) modified microplate as well as fluorescence quenching signal probe (SP@CDs/CoOOH). Finally, ascorbic acid (AA) was added to decompose CoOOH and the fluorescence of CDs was released, which was the second signal amplification. Through the dual signal amplification of DNAzyme and CDs/CoOOH, PML/RARα could be detected quickly and sensitively, which overcame the limitation of protein enzyme in traditional fluorescence methods, showing potential clinical application value in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hengke Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pandey R, Lu Y, McConnell EM, Osman E, Scott A, Gu J, Hoare T, Soleymani L, Li Y. Electrochemical DNAzyme-based biosensors for disease diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:114983. [PMID: 36640547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors provide exceptional analytical sensitivity and high target recognition specificity for disease diagnosis. This review provides a critical perspective on the fundamental and applied impact of incorporating DNAzymes in the field of electrochemical biosensing. Specifically, we highlight recent advances in creating DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosing infectious diseases, cancer and regulatory diseases. We also develop an understanding of challenges around translating the research in the field of DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors from labs to clinics, followed by a discussion on different strategies that can be applied to enhance the performance of the currently existing technologies to create truly point-of-care electrochemical DNAzyme biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin M McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Enas Osman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexander Scott
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Yingfu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin X, Li C, Xu S, Wang Z, Ma X. SERS-fluorescence dual-mode nanoprobe for the detection and imaging of Bax mRNA during apoptosis. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:130. [PMID: 36905455 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode nanoprobe was constructed to detect Bax messenger RNA (mRNA), consisting of gold nanotriangles (AuNTs), a Cy5-modified recognition sequence, and a thiol-modified DNA sequence. Bax mRNA is one of the key pro-apoptotic factors in the apoptosis pathway. Raman enhancement and fluorescence quenching of the signal group Cy5 were performed using AuNTs as substrates. The thiol-modified nucleic acid chain is partially complementary to the Cy5-modified nucleic acid chain to form a double strand and is linked to the AuNTs by the Au-S bond. When Bax mRNA is present, the Cy5-modified strand specifically binds to it to form a more stable duplex, making Cy5 far away from AuNTs, and SERS signal is weakened while fluorescence signal is enhanced. The nanoprobe can be used for the quantitative detection of Bax mRNA in vitro. Combined with the high sensitivity of SERS and the visualization of fluorescence, this method has good specificity and can be used for in situ imaging and dynamic monitoring of Bax mRNA during deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. DON plays a pathogenic role mainly by inducing cell apoptosis. The results confirmed that the proposed dual-mode nanoprobe has good versatility in various human cell lines.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao X, Chen C, Zhu Q. Biosensors based on functional nucleic acids and isothermal amplification techniques. Talanta 2023; 253:123977. [PMID: 36201957 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, with the in-depth research of functional nucleic acids and isothermal amplification techniques, their applications in the field of biosensing have attracted great interest. Since functional nucleic acids have excellent flexibility and convenience in their structural design, they have significant advantages as recognition elements in biosensing. At the same time, isothermal amplification techniques have higher amplification efficiency, so the combination of functional nucleic acids and isothermal amplification techniques can greatly promote the widespread application of biosensors. For the purpose of further improving the performance of biosensors, this review introduces several widely used functional nucleic acids and isothermal amplification techniques, as well as their classification, basic principles, application characteristics, and summarizes their important applications in the field of biosensing. We hope to provide some references for the design and construction of new tactics to enhance the detection sensitivity and detection range of biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuen Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu T, Huan S, Ke G, Zhang X. Functional Xeno Nucleic Acids for Biomedical Application. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35814030 PMCID: PMC9253239 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids(FNAs) refer to a type of oligonucleotides with functions over the traditional genetic roles of nucleic acids, which have been widely applied in screening, sensing and imaging fields. However, the potential application of FNAs in biomedical field is still restricted by the unsatisfactory stability, biocompatibility, biodistribution and immunity of natural nucleic acids(DNA/RNA). Xeno nucleic acids(XNAs) are a kind of nucleic acid analogues with chemically modified sugar groups that possess improved biological properties, including improved biological stability, increased binding affinity, reduced immune responses, and enhanced cell penetration or tissue specificity. In the last two decades, scientists have made great progress in the research of functional xeno nucleic acids, which makes it an emerging attractive biomedical application material. In this review, we summarized the design of functional xeno nucleic acids and their applications in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao F, Xie S, Li B, Zhang X. Functional nucleic acids in glycobiology: A versatile tool in the analysis of disease-related carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:592-606. [PMID: 35031315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As significant components of the organism, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates play indispensable roles in energy supply, cell signaling, immune modulation, and tumor cell invasion, and function as biomarkers since aberrance of them has been proved to be associated with the emergence and development of certain diseases. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) have properties including easy-to-synthesize, good stability, good biocompatibility, low cost, and high programmability, they have attracted significant research attention and been incorporated into biosensors for detecting disease-related carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. This review summarizes the construction strategies and biosensing applications of FNAs-based biosensors in glycobiology in terms of target recognition and signal transduction. By illustrating the mechanisms and comparing the performances, the challenges and development opportunities in this area have been critically elaborated. We believe that this review will provide a better understanding of the role of FNAs in the analysis of disease-related carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, and inspire further discovery in fields that include glycobiology, chemical biology, clinical diagnosis, and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siying Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhai XJ, Wang QL, Cui HF, Song X, Lv QY, Guo Y. A DNAzyme-catalyzed label-free aptasensor based on multifunctional dendrimer-like DNA assembly for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113618. [PMID: 34530373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important malign tumor marker. In this study, a simple, label-free and antibody-free aptasensor was fabricated based on a multifunctional dendrimer-like DNA nanoassembly. The DNA nanoassembly was embedded with multiple G-quadruplex DNAzyme motifs and a hanging CEA aptamer motif. It was prepared from short DNA sequences by autonomous-assembly. The aptasensor was prepared simply by self-assembly of a capture DNA (cpDNA) on a gold electrode, followed by hybridization with a CEA aptamer (AptGAC-P). CEA as a model target was detected through competitive binding of CEA with AptGAC-P, exposing cpDNA to bind with the DNA nanoassembly. The detection process only contains 2 incubation steps. The high load of G-quadruplex DNAzyme motifs and their catalytic activity resulted in an amplified and label-free differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) electrochemical signal. The peak current correlated linearly with the CEA concentration, with a linear range of 2-45 ng mL-1, and an LOD value of 0.24 ng mL-1. The aptasensor showed high specificity and reproducibility, and retained 96.5% of detection signal intensities after 31 days of storage. The recovery rates for spiked CEA in human serum were within 100 ± 5%, and the coincidence rates for clinical human serum samples with ELISA kits were 80.7-111%. Conceivably, possessing simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, storage stability, and accuracy, the aptasensor should be a very prominent and applicable tool for clinical CEA detection and cancer diagnosis, and is promisingly applicable as a platform for detecting other targets of interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100# Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiong-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100# Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui-Fang Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100# Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaojie Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100# Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi-Yan Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100# Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li B, Shao Z, Chen Y. An exonuclease protection and CRISPR/Cas12a integrated biosensor for the turn-on detection of transcription factors in cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1165:338478. [PMID: 33975701 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical proteins that regulate the expression of genes, and the abnormal change of TFs levels is directly related to physical dysfunctions. Herein, we developed a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based biosensor for the measurement of TFs level with the assistance of exonuclease protection assay. A dsDNA (activator) with the ability to activate Cas12a was engineered to contain TFs binding domain, and the binding between TFs and the activator can protect the dsDNA from being digested by exonuclease III (Exo III). The reserved activator then triggered a CRISPR/Cas12a reporting reaction to produce fluorescent signal for detection. In the detection of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50 subunit, the limit of detection of 0.2 pM and limit of quantification of 0.6 pM were obtained respectively, and the performance of this biosensor has been challenged by cell nucleoprotein extracts. Additionally, this method can be applied in the screening and evaluation of TFs inhibitors, calculating the IC50 of oridonin. Integrating merits including high sensitivity, low cost, and good portability, this method may enrich the arsenal for TFs-related applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huo B, Hu Y, Gao Z, Li G. Recent advances on functional nucleic acid-based biosensors for detection of food contaminants. Talanta 2020; 222:121565. [PMID: 33167261 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has seen increasing development of reliable, robust, and flexible biosensors for rapid food-safety analysis in the past few decades. Recently, functional nucleic acid-based biosensors have attracted attention because of their programmability, bottom-up characteristics, and structural switches. However, few systematic reviews devoted to categorizing the potential of DNA nanostructures and devices were found for detecting food contaminants. Hence, the applications of functional nucleic acid-based biosensors were reviewed for analyzing food contaminants, including foodborne pathogen bacteria, biotoxins, heavy metals, and et al. In addition to categorizing the various biosensors, multiple signal readout strategies, such as optical, electrochemical, and mass-based signals were also examined. Finally, the future changes and potential opportunities, as well as practical applications of functional nucleic acid-based biosensors were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Huo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuling Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao F, Wei Z, Wang M, Hoff A, Bao Y, Tian L. Oligonucleotide-Polymer Conjugates: From Molecular Basics to Practical Application. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:24. [PMID: 32064539 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA exhibits many attractive properties, such as programmability, precise self-assembly, sequence-coded biomedical functions, and good biocompatibility; therefore, DNA has been used extensively as a building block to construct novel nanomaterials. Recently, studies on oligonucleotide-polymer conjugates (OPCs) have attracted increasing attention. As hybrid molecules, OPCs exhibit novel properties, e.g., sophisticated self-assembly behaviors, which are distinct from the simple combination of the functions of DNA and polymer, making OPCs interesting and useful. The synthesis and applications of OPCs are highly dependent on the choice of the polymer block, but a systematic summary of OPCs based on their molecular structures is still lacking. In order to design OPCs for further applications, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the structure-function relationship of OPCs. In this review, we carefully categorize recently developed OPCs by the structures of the polymer blocks, and discuss the synthesis, purification, and applications for each category. Finally, we will comment on future prospects for OPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Alexandra Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA.
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang J, Su X, Li Z. Metal ion detection using functional nucleic acids and nanomaterials. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 96:127-139. [PMID: 28478384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion detection is critical in a variety of areas. The past decade has witnessed great progress in the development of metal ion sensors using functional nucleic acids (FNAs) and nanomaterials. The former has good recognition selectivity toward metal ions and the latter possesses unique properties for enhancing the performance of metal ion sensors. This review offers a summary of FNA- and nanomaterial-based metal ion detection methods. FNAs mainly include DNAzymes, G-quadruplexes, and mismatched base pairs and nanomaterials cover gold nanoparticles (GNPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene oxide (GO). The roles of FNAs and nanomaterials are introduced first. Then, various methods based on the combination of different FNAs and nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions of metal ion sensors are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xuefen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin X, Leung KH, Lin L, Lin L, Lin S, Leung CH, Ma DL, Lin JM. Determination of cell metabolite VEGF₁₆₅ and dynamic analysis of protein-DNA interactions by combination of microfluidic technique and luminescent switch-on probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:41-7. [PMID: 26686922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we rationally design a novel G-quadruplex-selective luminescent iridium (III) complex for rapid detection of oligonucleotide and VEGF165 in microfluidics. This new probe is applied as a convenient biosensor for label-free quantitative analysis of VEGF165 protein from cell metabolism, as well as for studying the kinetics of the aptamer-protein interaction combination with a microfluidic platform. As a result, we have successfully established a quantitative analysis of VEGF165 from cell metabolism. Furthermore, based on the principles of hydrodynamic focusing and diffusive mixing, different transient states during kinetics process were monitored and recorded. Thus, the combination of microfluidic technique and G-quadruplex luminescent probe will be potentially applied in the studies of intramolecular interactions and molecule recognition in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361000, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Ho Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luyao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu J, Li Z, Yang Z, He J. Studies on the preferred uracil-adenine base pair at the cleavage site of 10-23 DNAzyme by functional group modifications on adenine. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4256-4263. [PMID: 26145822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
10-23 DNAzyme is capable of catalytically cleaving RNA substrates with the preferred cleavage sites rAU and rGU, in which the common base pair U-dA0 forms between the substrate and the DNAzyme in the cleavage reaction. Here its conservation was studied with base modifications on dA and extra functional groups introduced. The nitrogen atom at 7- or 8-position of adenine was demonstrated to be equally important for the cleavage reaction, although it is not related to the thermal stability of the base pair. Deletion of 6-amino group led to decreased stability of the base pair and a slight slower reaction rate. Extra functional groups through 6-amino group were not favorably accommodated in the cleavage site. From these modifications at the level of functional groups, it demonstrated that the base pair U-dA0 not only contributes to the recognition and binding stability, but also it is involved in the active catalytic center by its functional groups and base stacking. This kind of chemical modifications with 7-substituted 8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine at dA0 is favorable for the introduction of signal molecules for mechanistic studies and biological applications, without significant loss of the catalytic function and structural destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Junlin He
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhan S, Xu H, Zhang D, Xia B, Zhan X, Wang L, Lv J, Zhou P. Fluorescent detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+ using GeneFinder™ and an integrated functional nucleic acid. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:95-9. [PMID: 25966463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple fluorescent assay for the determination of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) by using a DNA intercalator GeneFinder™ (GF) and an integrated functional nucleic acid (FNA). In the absence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+), GF intercalated with the FNA and released moderate strong fluorescence. While in the presence of Hg(2+) or Pb(2+), the FNA would be induced to form T-Hg(2+)-T or G-quadruplex structure, interacted with which the GF would exhibit extremely strong or very weak fluorescence. By monitoring the fluorescence changes upon addition of these two ions, the Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) could be selectively detected as low as 3.23 ppb and 2.62 ppb. As the main advantage of this assay is simplicity and the feasibility was demonstrated by detecting Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) in spiked water samples, this assay holds great potential for the development of a cost effective and useful tool for environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenshan Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hanchu Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Bing Xia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Xuejia Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lumei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jing Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture; School of Agriculture and Biology, and Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|