1
|
Harariya MS, Gogoi R, Goswami A, Sharma AK, Jindal G. Is Enol Always the Culprit? The Curious Case of High Enantioselectivity in a Chiral Rh(II) Complex Catalyzed Carbene Insertion Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301910. [PMID: 37665257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Rh2 (S-NTTL)4 catalyzed carbene insertion into C(3)-H of indole is investigated using DFT methods. Since the commonly accepted enol mechanism cannot account for enantioinduction, a concerted oxocarbenium pathway was proposed in an earlier work using a model catalyst. However, after considering the full catalytic system, this study finds that akin to other reactions, here, too, the enol pathway is of lower energy, which now naturally raises a conundrum regarding the mode of chiral induction. Herein, a new water promoted mechanistic pathway involving a metal-associated enol intermediate hydrogen bonding and stereochemical model are proposed to solve this puzzle. It is shown how the catalyst bowl-shaped structure along with substrate-catalyst binding is crucial for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity. A stereodetermining water-assisted proton transfer is proposed and confirmed through deuterium-labeling experiments. The water molecules are held together by H-bonding interactions with the carboxylate ligands that is reminiscent of enzyme catalysis. Although several previous studies have aimed at understanding the mechanism of metal catalyzed carbene insertion reactions, the origin of high stereoinduction especially with chiral metal complexes remains unclear, and till date there is no transition state model that can explain the high enantioselectivity with such chiral Rh complexes. The metal-associated enol pathway is currently underrepresented in catalytic cycles and may play a crucial role in catalyst design. Since the enol pathway is commonly adopted in other metal-catalyzed X-H insertion reactions involving a diazoester, the presented results are not specific to the current reaction. Therefore, this study could provide the direction for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity which is otherwise difficult to achieve with a single metal catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S Harariya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Romin Gogoi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Anubhav Goswami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Akhilesh K Sharma
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 1643007, Tarragona, 560012, Spain
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Li QY, Wang SS, Wu XY, Li X, Liu PN. Rhodium-Catalyzed 1,4-Aryl Rearrangement of Sulfur Ylide for the Synthesis of 2-Pyridyl Thioethers. Org Lett 2023; 25:703-707. [PMID: 36688636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel rhodium-catalyzed rearrangement involving N-substituted 2-thiopyridones and diazoesters. This reaction proceeds through the rhodium-catalyzed formation of sulfur ylides, followed by a direct C-N bond cleavage to achieve N-to-C 1,4-pyridyl migration. The protocol can be used to construct various thiopyridines possessing tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters in moderate to excellent yields, which expands the transformation pattern of sulfur ylide intermediates in rearrangement reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qing-Yang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingguang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balhara R, Jindal G. Does an Enol Pathway Preclude High Stereoselectivity in Iron-Catalyzed Indole C-H Functionalization via Carbene Insertion? J Org Chem 2022; 87:7919-7933. [PMID: 35652604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-H functionalization of indoles via Fe carbenoids presents an attractive strategy to obtain biologically important structural motifs. However, obtaining good stereoselectivity with Fe has been a significant challenge. It is unclear whether the low selectivity is due to a radical pathway or an ionic mechanism involving metal-free species. We therefore present a density functional theory (DFT) study of indole alkylation with diazoacetates catalyzed by Fe(ClO4)TMEDA/spirobisoxazoline and myoglobin. We explore three mechanistic pathways: nucleophilic, radical, and oxocarbenium routes. The nucleophilic pathway is the most feasible with the formation of an enol species that tautomerizes to furnish the alkylated indole. While this mechanism is routinely proposed, the stereochemical model has been conspicuously absent until now. We show that the conventionally invoked enol pathway is not responsible for the low enantiomeric excess. The enol intermediate can stay coordinated to the catalyst via different binding sites placing the enol in proximity to the chiral environment and affecting the stereoselective proton transfer. Both the binding strength and the chiral environment are crucial for obtaining high selectivity. Our study provides the much needed insights for the modest-low selectivities of Fe systems and could help in expediting the discovery of an efficient catalytic system. These mechanistic underpinnings could also be applicable to other metal (Rh, Pd, Cu, etc.)-catalyzed X-H insertion reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koenigs RM, Empel C, Jana S. Advances in [1,2]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Onium Ylides via Carbene Transfer Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1577-5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review article summarizes progress made on [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangements using carbenes in the ylide formation step. While other rearrangements, such as the [2,3]-sigmatropic, Doyle–Kirmse, or Sommelet–Hauser rearrangements, have been studied in detail over the past decades, investigations on [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangements are still limited. Based on the application of diazoalkanes as carbene precursors, research on diazoalkanes in ylide formation reactions started flourishing in the 1990s. This Short Review covers milestones from the advent of [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangements using carbenes to generate ammonium, oxonium and other ylide species, and should serve as an overview to further promote research in this area.1 Introduction2 Ammonium Ylides3 Oxonium Ylides4 Sulfonium and Selenium Ylides5 Halonium Ylides6 Conclusion and Outlook
Collapse
|
5
|
Leng F, Huang J, Yu N, Wang G. Fluoroethylthiolation of indoles with iodofluoroethane. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Cailler LP, Kroitor AP, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Sorokin AB. Selective carbene transfer to amines and olefins catalyzed by ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes with donor substituents. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2023-2031. [PMID: 33443525 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron-rich ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes were evaluated in carbene transfer reactions from ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) to aromatic and aliphatic olefins as well as to a wide range of aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic amines for the first time. It was revealed that the ruthenium octabutoxyphthalocyanine carbonyl complex [(BuO)8Pc]Ru(CO) is the most efficient catalyst converting electron-rich and electron-poor aromatic olefins to cyclopropane derivatives with high yields (typically 80-100%) and high TON (up to 1000) under low catalyst loading and nearly equimolar substrate/EDA ratio. This catalyst shows a rare efficiency in the carbene insertion into amine N-H bonds. Using a 0.05 mol% catalyst loading, a high amine concentration (1 M) and 1.1 eq. of EDA, a number of structurally divergent amines were selectively converted to mono-substituted glycine derivatives with up to quantitative yields and turnover numbers reaching 2000. High selectivity, large substrate scope, low catalyst loading and practical reaction conditions place [(BuO)8Pc]Ru(CO) among the most efficient catalysts for the carbene insertion into amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie P Cailler
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 av. A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Andrey P Kroitor
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leniskii pr., 31, bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander G Martynov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leniskii pr., 31, bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia G Gorbunova
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leniskii pr., 31, bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia. and N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leniskii pr., 31, 11991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander B Sorokin
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 av. A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solé D, Amenta A, Campos C, Fernández I. Iron-promoted dealkylative carbene aminocyclization of δ-arylamino-α-diazoesters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2167-2176. [PMID: 33496297 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel methodology to access N-aryl proline derivatives using amino-tethered α-diazoesters and cheap, readily available iron salts. Mechanistically, the aminocyclization reaction involves the initial formation of an iron-carbene complex followed by a nucleophilic attack of the aniline nitrogen atom to give an ammonium ylide intermediate, which finally undergoes the iron-promoted dealkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campos
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jana S, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Recent Perspectives on Rearrangement Reactions of Ylides via Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:1270-1281. [PMID: 32754993 PMCID: PMC7894496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the available methods to increase the molecular complexity, sigmatropic rearrangements occupy a distinct position in organic synthesis. Despite being known for over a century sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of ylides via carbene transfer reaction have only recently come of age. Most of the ylide mediated rearrangement processes involve rupture of a σ-bond and formation of a new bond between π-bond and negatively charged atom followed by simultaneous redistribution of π-electrons. This minireview describes the advances in this research area made in recent years, which now opens up metal-catalyzed enantioselective sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, metal-free photochemical rearrangement reactions and novel reaction pathways that can be accessed via ylide intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Laconsay CJ, Tantillo DJ. Metal Bound or Free Ylides as Reaction Intermediates in Metal-Catalyzed [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements? It Depends. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Croix J. Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
AbstractThe use of iron catalysis to enable reactions with diazo compounds has emerged as a valuable tool to forge carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds. While diazo compounds are often encountered with toxic and expensive metal catalysts, such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, and Cu, a resurgence of Fe catalysis has been observed. This short review will showcase and highlight the recent advances in iron-mediated reactions of diazo compounds.1 Introduction2 Insertion Reactions2.1 Insertion into B–H Bonds2.2 Insertion into Si–H Bonds2.3 Insertion into N–H Bonds2.4 Insertion into S–H bonds3 Ylide Formation and Subsequent Reactions3.1 Doyle–Kirmse Rearrangement3.2 [1,2]-Stevens and Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangements3.3 Olefination Reactions3.4 Cycloaddition Reactions3.5 gem-Difluoroalkenylation4 Three-Component Reactions5 Miscellaneous6 Conclusion
Collapse
|
12
|
Li F, Pei C, Koenigs RM. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enamine Homologation of Sulfides with Triazoles as Carbene Precursor. Org Lett 2020; 22:6816-6821. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco F. Batista
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu C, Chen D, Fu Y, Wang F, Luo J, Huang S. Sulfoxide Reduction/C(sp 3)-S Metathesis Cascade in Ionic Liquid. Org Lett 2020; 22:5701-5705. [PMID: 32614190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A sulfoxide reduction/C-S bond metathesis cascade between sulfoxides and alkyl bromides has been developed to access high-value sulfides without the use of any catalysts or bases. In this cascade, classical Kornblum oxidation is employed to reduce sulfoxides with alkyl bromides in ionic liquid. This protocol features high functional tolerance, mild conditions, promising scalability, and sustainable solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ansari MA, Yadav D, Singh MS. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of β-Ketothioamides with α-Diazo Compounds: Access to Highly Functionalized Thiazolidin-4-ones and Thiazolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8320-8329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monish Arbaz Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yan X, Li C, Xu X, Zhao X, Pan Y. Hemin Catalyzed Dealkylative Intercepted [2, 3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfonium Ylides with 2, 2, 2‐Trifluorodiazoethane. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Bingwen Road 548 Hangzhou 310053 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen G, Li B, Hu B, Zhang X, Fan X. FeCl3-catalyzed C-3 functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with diazoacetonitrile under oxidant- and ligand-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Weissenborn MJ, Koenigs RM. Iron‐porphyrin Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions – an Evolution from Biomimetic Catalysis towards Chemistry‐inspired Non‐natural Reactivities of Enzymes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 Halle 06120 Germany
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun R, Du Y, Tian C, Li L, Wang H, Zhao Y. Copper(II)‐catalyzed Domino Reaction of the Acyclic Ketene‐(
S
,
S
)‐Acetals with Diazo Compounds: Convenient Synthesis of Poly‐substituted Thiophenes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University Dandong Road 1 Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University Dandong Road 1 Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Tian
- Luzhou Agricultural Bureau Jiangyang West Road 4 Luzhou 646000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University Dandong Road 1 Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University Dandong Road 1 Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jana S, Aseeva P, Koenigs RM. Rhodium catalysed synthesis of seleno-ketals via carbene transfer reactions of diazoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12825-12828. [PMID: 31595906 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report on rhodium catalysed carbene transfer reactions of diazoesters with diselenides that result in the formal insertion reaction of the carbene fragment into the Se-Se bond to give seleno-ketals in up to 96% yield (35 examples) via an ionic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Polina Aseeva
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo Y, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Norcaradiene Synthesis via Visible-Light-Mediated Cyclopropanation Reactions of Arenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:8814-8818. [PMID: 31617724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanation reactions of carbenes with arenes provide a straightforward pathway to norcaradienes or cycloheptatrienes. This reaction normally requires harsh reaction conditions or transition-metal catalysts. In this report, we describe the metal-free visible-light photolysis of aryl diazoacetates in aromatic solvents, which provides access to the norcaradiene ring system in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The mild reaction conditions of this approach also allow chemoselective cyclopropanation of substituted arenes without competing C-H functionalization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mykhailiuk PK, Koenigs RM. Diazoacetonitrile (N 2 CHCN): A Long Forgotten but Valuable Reagent for Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 26:89-101. [PMID: 31415714 PMCID: PMC6973033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diazoacetonitrile (N2CHCN) is a small reactive diazoalkane. It has been synthesized for the first time already in 1898 by Theodor Curtius, however, did not gain much recognition in organic synthesis until recently. Only in 2015, after introduction of in situ and flow protocols for the safe generation of diazoacetonitrile, it started gaining popularity. In this minireview, the synthetic properties and applications of this valuable reagent are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Metal-free N-H functionalization reactions represent an important strategy for sustainable C-N coupling reactions. In this report, we describe the visible light photolysis of aryl diazoacetates in the presence of some N-heterocycles that enables mild, metal-free N-H functionalization reactions of carbazole and azepine heterocycles (15 examples, up to 83% yield).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan X, Li C, Xu X, He Q, Zhao X, Pan Y. Sulfonium ylide formation and subsequent C S bond cleavage of aromatic isopropyl sulfide catalyzed by hemin in aqueous solvent. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
25
|
Cailler LP, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Sorokin AB. Carbene insertion to N–H bonds of 2-aminothiazole and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives catalyzed by iron phthalocyanine. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III) phthalocyaninate decorated with crown ether substituents, [(15C5)4PcFe]Cl, efficiently catalyzed the insertion of carbene derived from ethyl diazoacetate to six amines functionalized with thiazole, thiazoline and thiadiazole heterocycles. The reactions were carried out under practical conditions using EDA:amine stoechiometric ratio with 0.05 mol% catalyst loading. Turnover numbers up to 3360 have been achieved. The aminoacid derivatives bearing heterocyclic moieties were obtained under catalytic conditions for the first time with 36–69% yields in the case of single N–H insertion products and up to 77% in the case of double N–H insertion products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie P. Cailler
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang Z, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Photochemical, Metal‐Free Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfur Ylides. Chemistry 2019; 25:6703-6706. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hock KJ, Knorrscheidt A, Hommelsheim R, Ho J, Weissenborn MJ, Koenigs RM. Eisenporphyrin-katalysierte C-H-Funktionalisierung von Indol mit Diazoacetonitril für die Synthese von Tryptaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J. Hock
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Anja Knorrscheidt
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Deutschland
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Deutschland
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hock KJ, Knorrscheidt A, Hommelsheim R, Ho J, Weissenborn MJ, Koenigs RM. Tryptamine Synthesis by Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Indoles with Diazoacetonitrile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3630-3634. [PMID: 30570826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds with non-precious metal catalysts is an important research area for the development of efficient and sustainable processes. Herein, we describe the development of iron porphyrin catalyzed reactions of diazoacetonitrile with N-heterocycles yielding important precursors of tryptamines, along with experimental mechanistic studies and proof-of-concept studies of an enzymatic process with YfeX enzyme. By using readily available FeTPPCl, we achieved the highly efficient C-H functionalization of indole and indazole heterocycles. These transformations feature mild reaction conditions, excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance, can be conducted on gram scale, and thus provide a unique streamlined access to tryptamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Knorrscheidt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin J Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
He F, Koenigs RM. Visible light mediated, metal-free carbene transfer reactions of diazoalkanes with propargylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4881-4884. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of donor–acceptor diazoalkanes in the presence of propargylic alcohols furnishes valuable, sterically demanding tetra-substituted cyclopropenes in high yield under metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei He
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang Z, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Solvent-dependent, rhodium catalysed rearrangement reactions of sulfur ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8410-8413. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03809d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the solvent used, benzyl sulfides undergo in the presence of a rhodium(ii) catalyst either [1,2]- or [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Yujing Guo
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|