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Kohantorabi M, Ugolotti A, Sochor B, Roessler J, Wagstaffe M, Meinhardt A, Beck EE, Dolling DS, Garcia MB, Creutzburg M, Keller TF, Schwartzkopf M, Vayalil SK, Thuenauer R, Guédez G, Löw C, Ebert G, Protzer U, Hammerschmidt W, Zeidler R, Roth SV, Di Valentin C, Stierle A, Noei H. Light-Induced Transformation of Virus-Like Particles on TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37275-37287. [PMID: 38959130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) shows significant potential as a self-cleaning material to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent virus transmission. This study provides insights into the impact of UV-A light on the photocatalytic inactivation of adsorbed SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) on a TiO2 surface at the molecular and atomic levels. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, combined with density functional theory calculations, reveals that spike proteins can adsorb on TiO2 predominantly via their amine and amide functional groups in their amino acids blocks. We employ atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) to investigate the molecular-scale morphological changes during the inactivation of VLPs on TiO2 under light irradiation. Notably, in situ measurements reveal photoinduced morphological changes of VLPs, resulting in increased particle diameters. These results suggest that the denaturation of structural proteins induced by UV irradiation and oxidation of the virus structure through photocatalytic reactions can take place on the TiO2 surface. The in situ GISAXS measurements under an N2 atmosphere reveal that the virus morphology remains intact under UV light. This provides evidence that the presence of both oxygen and UV light is necessary to initiate photocatalytic reactions on the surface and subsequently inactivate the adsorbed viruses. The chemical insights into the virus inactivation process obtained in this study contribute significantly to the development of solid materials for the inactivation of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kohantorabi
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aldo Ugolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johannes Roessler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Meinhardt
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Erik Beck
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Silvan Dolling
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Blanco Garcia
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sarathlal Koyiloth Vayalil
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Applied Science Cluster, UPES, 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy (TPLM), Universität Hamburg (UHH), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU University Hospital, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Izumi Y, Ohara M, Baba Y, Yokoya A. Comparison of core and valence band electronic structures of bulk uracil and 5-halouracils. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4422-4428. [PMID: 38240048 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Core (C, N, and O 1s regions) and valence band electronic structures of bulk uracil and 5-fluoro-, -chloro-, and -iodouracils were investigated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and comprehensively compared with those of 5-bromouracil measured under the same experimental conditions before. The halogenation of uracil shifted the core peaks of the 5-position carbons toward the higher binding energy side and reduced the ionization potentials depending on the type of halogen. Theoretical calculations supported these results. The alterations of electronic properties induced by the halogenation would result in the characteristic properties of 5-halouracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Izumi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Maki Ohara
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuji Baba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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3
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Ascenzi D, Erdmann E, Bolognesi P, Avaldi L, Castrovilli MC, Thissen R, Romanzin C, Alcaraz C, Rabadan I, Mendez L, Díaz-Tendero S, Cartoni A. H 2O˙ + and OH + reactivity versus furan: experimental low energy absolute cross sections for modeling radiation damage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24643-24656. [PMID: 37665608 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02772d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most widespread and efficient strategies to fight malignant tumors. Despite its broad application, the mechanisms of radiation-DNA interaction are still under investigation. Theoretical models to predict the effects of a particular delivered dose are still in their infancy due to the difficulty of simulating a real cell environment, as well as the inclusion of a large variety of secondary processes. This work reports the first experimental study of the ion-molecule reactions of the H2O˙+ and OH+ ions, produced by photoionization with synchrotron radiation, with a furan (c-C4H4O) molecule, a template for deoxyribose sugar in DNA. The present experiments, performed as a function of the collision energy of the ions and the tunable photoionization energy, provide key parameters for the theoretical modelling of the effect of radiation dose, like the absolute cross sections for producing protonated furan (furanH+) and a radical cation (furan˙+), the most abundant products, which can amount up to 200 Å2 at very low collision energies (<1.0 eV). The experimental results show that furanH+ is more fragile, indicating how the protonation of the sugar component of the DNA may favor its dissociation with possible major radiosensitizing effects. Moreover, the ring opening of furanH+ isomers and the potential energy surface of the most important fragmentation channels have been explored by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that, in the most stable isomer of furanH+, the ring opening occurs via a low energy pathway with carbon-oxygen bond cleavage, followed by the loss of neutral carbon monoxide and the formation of the allyl cation CH2CHCH2+, which instead is not observed in the fragmentation of furan˙+. At higher energies the ring opening through the carbon-carbon bond is accompanied by the loss of formaldehyde, producing HCCCH2+, the most intense fragment ion detected in the experiments. This work highlights the importance of the secondary processes, like the ion-molecule reactions at low energies in the radiation damage due to their very large cross sections, and it aims to provide benchmark data for the development of suitable models to approach this low collision energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ascenzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ewa Erdmann
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Mattea Carmen Castrovilli
- Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Roland Thissen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Saint Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Saint Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Saint Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ismanuel Rabadan
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Mendez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Cartoni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
- Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
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Kohantorabi M, Wagstaffe M, Creutzburg M, Ugolotti A, Kulkarni S, Jeromin A, Krekeler T, Feuerherd M, Herrmann A, Ebert G, Protzer U, Guédez G, Löw C, Thuenauer R, Schlueter C, Gloskovskii A, Keller TF, Di Valentin C, Stierle A, Noei H. Adsorption and Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surface of Anatase TiO 2(101). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8770-8782. [PMID: 36723177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current pandemic, on the surface of the model catalyst TiO2(101) using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. Three different methods were employed to inactivate the virus after it was loaded on the surface of TiO2(101): (i) ethanol, (ii) thermal, and (iii) UV treatments. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the denatured spike proteins and other proteins in the virus structure readsorb on the surface of TiO2 under thermal and UV treatments. The interaction of the virus with the surface of TiO2 was different for the thermally and UV treated samples compared to the sample inactivated via ethanol treatment. AFM and TEM results on the UV-treated sample suggested that the adsorbed viral particles undergo damage and photocatalytic oxidation at the surface of TiO2(101) which can affect the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and denature the spike proteins in 30 min. The role of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TiO2(101). The presence of Pd NPs enhanced the adsorption of the virus due to the possible interaction of the spike protein with the NPs. This study is the first investigation of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the surface of single crystalline TiO2(101) as a potential candidate for virus deactivation applications. Clarification of the interaction of the virus with the surface of semiconductor oxides will aid in obtaining a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involved in photoinactivation of microorganisms, which is important for the design of effective photocatalysts for air purification and self-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kohantorabi
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Aldo Ugolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andrei Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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Mattioli G, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Bozek JD, Castrovilli MC, Chiarinelli J, Domaracka A, Indrajith S, Maclot S, Milosavljević AR, Nicolafrancesco C, Rousseau P. Water-biomolecule clusters studied by photoemission spectroscopy and multilevel atomistic simulations: hydration or solvation? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15049-15058. [PMID: 34231588 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The properties of mixed water-uracil nanoaggregates have been probed by core electron-photoemission measurements to investigate supramolecular assembly in the gas phase driven by weak interactions. The interpretation of the measurements has been assisted by multilevel atomistic simulations, based on semi-empirical tight-binding and DFT-based methods. Our protocol established a positive-feedback loop between experimental and computational techniques, which has enabled a sound and detailed atomistic description of such complex heterogeneous molecular aggregates. Among biomolecules, uracil offers interesting and generalized skeletal features; its structure encompasses an alternation of hydrophilic H-bond donor and acceptor sites and hydrophobic moieties, typical in biomolecular systems, that induces a supramolecular core-shell-like organization of the mixed clusters with a water core and an uracil shell. This structure is far from typical models of both solid-state hydration, with water molecules in defined positions, or liquid solvation, where disconnected uracil molecules are completely surrounded by water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mattioli
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP 10, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP 10, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP 10, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - John D Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, 91192, Saint Aubin, BP48, 1192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mattea C Castrovilli
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP 10, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Chiarinelli
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, CP 10, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - Alicja Domaracka
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Sylvain Maclot
- Physics Department, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Chiara Nicolafrancesco
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, 91192, Saint Aubin, BP48, 1192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Patrick Rousseau
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
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Unravelling molecular interactions in uracil clusters by XPS measurements assisted by ab initio and tight-binding simulations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13081. [PMID: 32753713 PMCID: PMC7403593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The C, N and O 1s XPS spectra of uracil clusters in the gas phase have been measured. A new bottom-up approach, which relies on computational simulations starting from the crystallographic structure of uracil, has been adopted to interpret the measured spectra. This approach sheds light on the different molecular interactions (H-bond, π-stacking, dispersion interactions) at work in the cluster and provides a good understanding of the observed XPS chemical shifts with respect to the isolated molecule in terms of intramolecular and intermolecular screening occurring after the core–hole ionization. The proposed bottom-up approach, reasonably expensive in terms of computational resources, has been validated by finite-temperature molecular dynamics simulations of clusters composed of up to fifty molecules.
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7
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Melandri S, Evangelisti L, Canola S, Sa'adeh H, Calabrese C, Coreno M, Grazioli C, Prince KC, Negri F, Maris A. Chlorination and tautomerism: a computational and UPS/XPS study of 2-hydroxypyridine ⇌ 2-pyridone equilibrium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13440-13455. [PMID: 32519689 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prototropic tautomeric equilibrium in 2-hydroxypyridine serves as a prototype model for the study of nucleobases' behaviour. The position of such an equilibrium in parent and chlorine monosubstituted 2-hydroxypyridine compounds in the gas phase was determined using synchrotron based techniques. The lactim tautomer is dominant for the 5- and 6-substituted compounds, whereas the parent, 3- and 4-substituted isomers have comparable populations for both tautomers. Information was obtained by measuring valence band and core level photoemission spectra at the chlorine L-edge and carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K-edges. The effect of chlorine on the core ionization potentials of the atoms in the heterocycle was evaluated and reasonable agreement with a simple model was obtained. Basic considerations of resonance structures correctly predicts the tautomeric equilibrium for the 5- and 6-substituted compounds. The vibrationally resolved structure of the low energy portion of the valence band photoionization spectra is assigned based on quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral and charged species followed by simulation of the vibronic structure. It is shown that the first ionization occurs from a π orbital of similar shape for both tautomers. In addition, the highly distinctive vibronic structure observed just above the first ionization of the lactim, for three of the five species investigated, is assigned to the second ionization of the lactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melandri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Evangelisti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sofia Canola
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Hanan Sa'adeh
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, JO-11942, Jordan
| | - Camilla Calabrese
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain and Basque Centre for Biophysics (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Trieste LD2 Unit, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR-ISM, Trieste LD2 Unit, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy. and Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Assimo Maris
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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