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Bedendi G, De Moura Torquato LD, Webb S, Cadoux C, Kulkarni A, Sahin S, Maroni P, Milton RD, Grattieri M. Enzymatic and Microbial Electrochemistry: Approaches and Methods. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:517-541. [PMID: 36573075 PMCID: PMC9783092 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of enzymes and/or intact bacteria with electrodes has been vastly investigated due to the wide range of existing applications. These span from biomedical and biosensing to energy production purposes and bioelectrosynthesis, whether for theoretical research or pure applied industrial processes. Both enzymes and bacteria offer a potential biotechnological alternative to noble/rare metal-dependent catalytic processes. However, when developing these biohybrid electrochemical systems, it is of the utmost importance to investigate how the approaches utilized to couple biocatalysts and electrodes influence the resulting bioelectrocatalytic response. Accordingly, this tutorial review starts by recalling some basic principles and applications of bioelectrochemistry, presenting the electrode and/or biocatalyst modifications that facilitate the interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of bioelectrochemical systems. Focus is then directed toward the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of enzyme/bacteria-electrode interaction and the insights that they provide. The basic concepts of electrochemical methods widely employed in enzymatic and microbial electrochemistry, such as amperometry and voltammetry, are initially presented to later focus on various complementary methods such as spectroelectrochemistry, fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, and surface analytical/characterization techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy. The tutorial review is thus aimed at students and graduate students approaching the field of enzymatic and microbial electrochemistry, while also providing a critical and up-to-date reference for senior researchers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bedendi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Webb
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Cadoux
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Selmihan Sahin
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Plinio Maroni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
- IPCF-CNR
Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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2
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Algov I, Alfonta L. Use of Protein Engineering to Elucidate Electron Transfer Pathways between Proteins and Electrodes. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:78-90. [PMID: 36785727 PMCID: PMC9836065 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we review protein engineering tools for electron transfer enhancement and investigation in bioelectrochemical systems. We present recent studies in the field while focusing on how electron transfer investigation and measurements were performed and discuss the use of protein engineering to interpret electron transfer mechanisms.
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3
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Algov I, Feiertag A, Shikler R, Alfonta L. Sensitive enzymatic determination of neurotransmitters in artificial sweat. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Algov I, Feiertag A, Alfonta L. Site-specifically wired and oriented glucose dehydrogenase fused to a minimal cytochrome with high glucose sensing sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113117. [PMID: 33677358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct electron transfer based enzymatic biosensors are highly efficient systems where electrons are transferred directly from the enzyme's electroactive site to the electrode. One way of achieving it is by 'wiring' the enzyme to the electrode surface. The wiring of enzymes to electrode surfaces can be reached in many different ways but controlling its orientation towards the electrode surface is still a challenge. In this study we have designed a Flavin-adenine dinucleotide dependent glucose dehydrogenase that is fused to a minimal cytochrome with a site-specifically incorporated unnatural amino acid to control its orientation towards the electrode. Several site-specifically wired mutant enzymes were compared to each other and to a non-specifically wired enzyme using atomic force microscopy and electrochemical techniques. The surface and activity analyses suggest that the site-specific wiring through different sites maintains the correct folding of the enzyme and have a positive effect on the apparent electrochemical electron transfer rate constant kETapp. Electrochemical analysis revealed an efficient electron transfer rate with more than 15 times higher imax and 10-fold higher sensitivity of the site-specifically wired enzyme variants compared to the non-specifically wired ones. This approach can be utilized to control the orientation of other redox enzymes on electrodes to allow a significant improvement of their electron transfer communication with electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Algov
- Departments of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Ilse Katz institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PoBox 653, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Aviv Feiertag
- Departments of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Ilse Katz institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PoBox 653, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Departments of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Ilse Katz institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PoBox 653, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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5
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Mukha D, Cohen Y, Yehezkeli O. Bismuth Vanadate/Bilirubin Oxidase Photo(bio)electrochemical Cells for Unbiased, Light-Triggered Electrical Power Generation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2684-2692. [PMID: 32067348 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The construction of bias- and donor-free photobioelectrochemical cells for the generation of light-triggered electrical power is presented. The developed oxygen reduction biocathodes are based on bilirubin oxidase (BOD) that originates from Myrothecium verrucaria (MvBOD) and a thermophilic Bacillus pumilus (BpBOD). Methods to entrap the BOD with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) redox molecules in a polydopamine layer are presented. A pH-independent, positively charged pyrenebetaine linker was synthesized, utilized, and led to a threefold improvement to the bioelectrocatalytic current. Both the developed polydopamine/ABTS/MvBOD and the pyrenebetaine/BpBOD biocathodes were further coupled with BiVO4 /cobalt phosphate water-oxidation photoanodes to construct biotic/abiotic photobioelectrochemical cells, which generated power outputs of 0.74 and 0.85 mW cm-2 , respectively. The presented methods are versatile, show the strength of biotic/abiotic hybrids, and can be further used to couple different redox enzymes with electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mukha
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yifat Cohen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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6
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Gentil S, Rousselot-Pailley P, Sancho F, Robert V, Mekmouche Y, Guallar V, Tron T, Le Goff A. Efficiency of Site-Specific Clicked Laccase-Carbon Nanotubes Biocathodes towards O 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2020; 26:4798-4804. [PMID: 31999372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A maximization of a direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and electrodes can be obtained through the oriented immobilization of enzymes onto an electroactive surface. Here, a strategy for obtaining carbon nanotube (CNTs) based electrodes covalently modified with perfectly control-oriented fungal laccases is presented. Modelizations of the laccase-CNT interaction and of electron conduction pathways serve as a guide in choosing grafting positions. Homogeneous populations of alkyne-modified laccases are obtained through the reductive amination of a unique surface-accessible lysine residue selectively engineered near either one or the other of the two copper centers in enzyme variants. Immobilization of the site-specific alkynated enzymes is achieved by copper-catalyzed click reaction on azido-modified CNTs. A highly efficient reduction of O2 at low overpotential and catalytic current densities over -3 mA cm-2 are obtained by minimizing the distance from the electrode surface to the trinuclear cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Gentil
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, BIG-LCBM, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ferran Sancho
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviane Robert
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmina Mekmouche
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Tron
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Alan Le Goff
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Hitaishi VP, Clément R, Quattrocchi L, Parent P, Duché D, Zuily L, Ilbert M, Lojou E, Mazurenko I. Interplay between Orientation at Electrodes and Copper Activation of Thermus thermophilus Laccase for O2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1394-1405. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Pratap Hitaishi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Romain Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Ludovica Quattrocchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Philippe Parent
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - David Duché
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Lisa Zuily
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Marianne Ilbert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Ievgen Mazurenko
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Aiguier, CS 70071, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
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8
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Nanocatalysts Containing Direct Electron Transfer-Capable Oxidoreductases: Recent Advances and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET)-capable oxidoreductases are enzymes that have the ability to transfer/receive electrons directly to/from solid surfaces or nanomaterials, bypassing the need for an additional electron mediator. More than 100 enzymes are known to be capable of working in DET conditions; however, to this day, DET-capable enzymes have been mainly used in designing biofuel cells and biosensors. The rapid advance in (semi) conductive nanomaterial development provided new possibilities to create enzyme-nanoparticle catalysts utilizing properties of DET-capable enzymes and demonstrating catalytic processes never observed before. Briefly, such nanocatalysts combine several cathodic and anodic catalysis performing oxidoreductases into a single nanoparticle surface. Hereby, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first review concerning such nanocatalytic systems involving DET-capable oxidoreductases. We outlook the contemporary applications of DET-capable enzymes, present a principle of operation of nanocatalysts based on DET-capable oxidoreductases, provide a review of state-of-the-art (nano) catalytic systems that have been demonstrated using DET-capable oxidoreductases, and highlight common strategies and challenges that are usually associated with those type catalytic systems. Finally, we end this paper with the concluding discussion, where we present future perspectives and possible research directions.
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9
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Cohen M, Ozer E, Kushmaro A, Alfonta L. Cellular localization of cytochrome bd in cyanobacteria using genetic code expansion. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:523-530. [PMID: 31612992 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental and complex mechanisms in nature. It is a well-studied process, however, some photosynthetic mechanisms are yet to be deciphered. One of the many proteins that take part in photosynthesis, cytochrome bd, is a terminal oxidase protein that plays a role both in photosynthesis and in respiration in various organisms, specifically, in cyanobacteria. To clarify the role of cytochrome bd in cyanobacteria, a system for the incorporation of an unnatural amino acid into a genomic membrane protein cytochrome bd was constructed in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. N-propargyl- l-lysine (PrK) was incorporated into mutants of cytochrome bd. Incorporation was verified and the functionality of the mutant cytochrome bd was tested, revealing that both electrochemical and biochemical activities were relatively similar to those of the wild-type protein. The incorporation of PrK was followed by a highly specific labeling and localization of the protein. PrK that was incorporated into the protein enabled a "click" reaction in a bio-orthogonal manner through its alkyne group in a highly specific manner. Cytochrome bd was found to be localized mostly in thylakoid membranes, as was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating that our developed localization method is reliable and can be further used to label endogenous proteins in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Avaram and Stella Goren-Goldstein Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eden Ozer
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avaram and Stella Goren-Goldstein Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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10
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Xiao X, Xia HQ, Wu R, Bai L, Yan L, Magner E, Cosnier S, Lojou E, Zhu Z, Liu A. Tackling the Challenges of Enzymatic (Bio)Fuel Cells. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9509-9558. [PMID: 31243999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy sources combined with rapid advances in biointegrated portable or implantable electronic devices have stimulated intensive research activities in enzymatic (bio)fuel cells (EFCs). The use of renewable biocatalysts, the utilization of abundant green, safe, and high energy density fuels, together with the capability of working at modest and biocompatible conditions make EFCs promising as next generation alternative power sources. However, the main challenges (low energy density, relatively low power density, poor operational stability, and limited voltage output) hinder future applications of EFCs. This review aims at exploring the underlying mechanism of EFCs and providing possible practical strategies, methodologies and insights to tackle these issues. First, this review summarizes approaches in achieving high energy densities in EFCs, particularly, employing enzyme cascades for the deep/complete oxidation of fuels. Second, strategies for increasing power densities in EFCs, including increasing enzyme activities, facilitating electron transfers, employing nanomaterials, and designing more efficient enzyme-electrode interfaces, are described. The potential of EFCs/(super)capacitor combination is discussed. Third, the review evaluates a range of strategies for improving the stability of EFCs, including the use of different enzyme immobilization approaches, tuning enzyme properties, designing protective matrixes, and using microbial surface displaying enzymes. Fourth, approaches for the improvement of the cell voltage of EFCs are highlighted. Finally, future developments and a prospective on EFCs are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiao
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Hong-Qi Xia
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Lu Yan
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Université Grenoble-Alpes , DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France.,Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR7281 , Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, IMM , FR 3479, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille , Cedex 20 , France
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,School of Pharmacy, Medical College , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266021 , China
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11
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Encapsulation of Microorganisms, Enzymes, and Redox Mediators in Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide. Methods Enzymol 2019; 609:197-219. [PMID: 30244790 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were demonstrated in the past decade as biocompatible carbon-based materials that could be efficiently used in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). Specifically, for redox enzyme encapsulation in order to improve electron communication between enzymes and electrodes. The addition of GO to different solvents was shown to cause gelation while still allowing small molecule diffusion through its gel-like matrix. Taking the combination of these traits together, we decided to use GO hydrogels for the encapsulation of enzymes displayed on the surface of yeast in anodes of microbial fuel cells. During our studies we have followed the changes in the physical characteristics of GO upon encapsulation of yeast cells displaying glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose and noted that GO is being rapidly reduced to rGO as a function of glucose concentrations. GO reduction under these conditions served as a proof of electron communication between the surface-displayed enzymes and GO. Hence, we set out to study this phenomenon by the encapsulation of a purified glucose dehydrogenase (in the absence of microbial cells) in rGO where improved electron transfer to the electrode could be observed in the presence of phenothiazone. In this chapter, we describe how these systems were technically constructed and characterized and how a very affordable matrix such as GO could be used to electrically wire enzymes as a good replacement for expensive mediator containing redox active polymers commonly used in BESs.
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12
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Mehra R, Kepp KP. Contribution of substrate reorganization energies of electron transfer to laccase activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15805-15814. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Laccase substrate reorganization energies computed by DFT show that electronic structure changes of these substrates contribute to enzymatic proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmankesh Mehra
- Technical University of Denmark
- DTU Chemistry
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Kasper P. Kepp
- Technical University of Denmark
- DTU Chemistry
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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13
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Takamura E, Nakamura T, Sakamoto H, Satomura T, Sakuraba H, Ohshima T, Suye S. Effects of multicopper oxidase orientation in multiwalled carbon nanotube biocathodes on direct electron transfer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:137-141. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Takamura
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Takuto Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Takenori Satomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sakuraba
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceFaculty of AgricultureKagawa University Kita‐gun Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringOsaka Institute of Technology Osaka Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of Fukui Fukui Japan
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14
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Abstract
Redox enzymes, which catalyze reactions involving electron transfers in living organisms, are very promising components of biotechnological devices, and can be envisioned for sensing applications as well as for energy conversion. In this context, one of the most significant challenges is to achieve efficient direct electron transfer by tunneling between enzymes and conductive surfaces. Based on various examples of bioelectrochemical studies described in the recent literature, this review discusses the issue of enzyme immobilization at planar electrode interfaces. The fundamental importance of controlling enzyme orientation, how to obtain such orientation, and how it can be verified experimentally or by modeling are the three main directions explored. Since redox enzymes are sizable proteins with anisotropic properties, achieving their functional immobilization requires a specific and controlled orientation on the electrode surface. All the factors influenced by this orientation are described, ranging from electronic conductivity to efficiency of substrate supply. The specificities of the enzymatic molecule, surface properties, and dipole moment, which in turn influence the orientation, are introduced. Various ways of ensuring functional immobilization through tuning of both the enzyme and the electrode surface are then described. Finally, the review deals with analytical techniques that have enabled characterization and quantification of successful achievement of the desired orientation. The rich contributions of electrochemistry, spectroscopy (especially infrared spectroscopy), modeling, and microscopy are featured, along with their limitations.
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