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Meng SS, Xu M, Guan H, Chen C, Cai P, Dong B, Tan WS, Gu YH, Tang WQ, Xie LG, Yuan S, Han Y, Kong X, Gu ZY. Anisotropic flexibility and rigidification in a TPE-based Zr-MOFs with scu topology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5347. [PMID: 37660056 PMCID: PMC10475113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based ligands are appealing for constructing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with new functions and responsiveness. Here, we report a non-interpenetrated TPE-based scu Zr-MOF with anisotropic flexibility, that is, Zr-TCPE (H4TCPE = 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene), remaining two anisotropic pockets. The framework flexibility is further anisotropically rigidified by installing linkers individually at specific pockets. By individually installing dicarboxylic acid L1 or L2 at pocket A or B, the framework flexibility along the b-axis or c-axis is rigidified, and the intermolecular or intramolecular motions of organic ligands are restricted, respectively. Synergistically, with dual linker installation, the flexibility is completely rigidified with the restriction of ligand motion, resulting in MOFs with enhanced stability and improved separation ability. Furthermore, in situ observation of the flipping of the phenyl ring and its rigidification process is made by 2H solid-state NMR. The anisotropic rigidification of flexibility in scu Zr-MOFs guides the directional control of ligand motion for designing stimuli-responsive emitting or efficient separation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hanxi Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324100, China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peiyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA
| | - Bo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Shu Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhang X, Ma Z, Li X, Qian C, Liu Y, Wang S, Jia X, Ma Z. Multiresponsive Tetra-Arylethene-Based Fluorescent Switch with Multicolored Changes: Single-Crystal Photochromism, Mechanochromism, and Acidichromism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40986-40994. [PMID: 34406750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report a simple tetra-arylethene-based fluorescent switch TPS═C4 modified with a flexible alkyl chain by the Schiff base structure. The incorporation of C═N retains the excellent photochromic property of tetra-arylethene and endows TPS═C4 with new multiresponsiveness of mechanochromism and acidichromism and multicolor changes. TPS═C4 shows remarkable mechanochromism from a deep blue emission at 420 nm to bright blue with a new shoulder band at 450 nm, which arises from the force-induced phase transition from the crystal state to an amorphous form. Both the original crystalline powder and the ground amorphous sample exhibit interesting acidichromism, and their emission colors turn yellow (530 nm), due to the protonation of C═N. More interestingly, TPS═C4 displays fascinating photochromism in multiple states, especially in the single-crystal state. The flexible alkyl chain offers enough free space for molecular motion and facilitates single-crystal photochromism. Due to the multiresponsiveness and multicolor switch, TPS═C4 can be satisfactorily used for the multidimensional anticounterfeiting application. To the best of our knowledge, TPS═C4 is a rare multifunctional molecule with a simple structure but featuring multiresponsiveness and multicolor switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shitao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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3
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Kachwal V, Laskar IR. Mechanofluorochromism with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Characteristics: A Perspective Applying Isotropic and Anisotropic Force. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:28. [PMID: 34105028 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic mechanofluorochromic (MFC) materials (that change their emission under anisotropic and isotropic pressure) have attracted a great attention in recent years due to their promising applications in sensing pressure, storage devices, security inks, three-dimensional (3D) printing, etc. Stimuli-responsive organic materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics would be an interesting class of materials to enrich the chemistry of MFC compounds. A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a small tool that is employed to generate high and uniform pressure on materials over a small area. This article discusses the relationship between the chemical structure of AIE compounds and the change in emission properties under anisotropic (mechanical grinding) and isotropic (hydrostatic) pressure. The luminescent properties of such materials depend on the molecular rearrangement in the lattice, conformational changes, excited state transitions and weak intermolecular interactions. Hence, studying the change in luminescent property of these compounds under varying pressure will provide a deeper understanding of the excited-state properties of various emissive compounds with stress. The development of such materials and studies into the effect of pressure on their luminescence properties are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kachwal
- Department of Chemistry, BITS PILANI, Pilani campus, Pilani, India
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4
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Guo X, Zhu N, Wang SP, Li G, Bai FQ, Li Y, Han Y, Zou B, Chen XB, Shi Z, Feng S. Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Properties of Tetraphenylethene-Based Strontium and Cobalt Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19716-19721. [PMID: 32924218 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report two new TPE-based 3D MOFs, that is, Sr-ETTB and Co-ETTB (TPE=Tetraphenylethylene, H8 ETTB=4',4''',4''''',4'''''''-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrakis(([1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid))). Through tailoring outer shell electron configurations of SrII and CoII cations, the fluorescence intensity of the MOFs is tuned from high emission to complete non-emission. Sr-ETTB with strong blue fluorescence shows reversible fluorescence variations in response to pressure and temperature, which is directly related to the reversible deformation of the crystal structure. In addition, non-emissive Co-ETTB counterpart exhibits a turn-on fluorescent enhancement under the stimulation of analyte histidine. In the process, TPE-cored linkers in the MOFs are released through competitive coordination substitution and subsequently reassembled to perform aggregation-induced luminescence behavior originated from the organic linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nansong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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5
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Guo X, Zhu N, Wang S, Li G, Bai F, Li Y, Han Y, Zou B, Chen X, Shi Z, Feng S. Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescent Properties of Tetraphenylethene‐Based Strontium and Cobalt Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Nansong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Ping Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Fu‐Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Bo Chen
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Li A, Liu Y, Bi C, Xu W, Ma Z, Cui H, Xu S. Pressure-dependent distinct luminescent evolutions of pyrene and TPA-Py single crystals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118390. [PMID: 32361518 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the high pressure on two single crystals, pyrene and N,N-diphenyl-4-(pyren-1-yl)aniline (TPA-Py), were studied by in situ fluorescent and Raman spectroscopies. During the compression, the pyrene with one structureless excimer emission band showed a continuous bathochromic-shift. In contrast, with the pressure increasing to 10.36 GPa, TPA-Py previously dominated with the hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state gradually exhibited a new band at longer wavelengths, which is assigned to a new excited state species with the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, caused by the pressure-induced changes on its molecular configuration. Accompanied by the spectral changes, a sequential color variation from blue to cyan was observed, giving a change to yellow and then red. The significant broadening of the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the TPA-Py is observed due to the enhanced dipole-dipole interaction and the existence of pressure gradient. Both pyrene and TPA-Py showed the delayed recovery of the luminescence in the compression-decompression cycle, which results from the poor reversibility of electronic structure caused by the compression-induced piezochromic effect. Furthermore, the evolutions of the Raman spectra of pyrene and TPA-Py indicated that the pressure-induced reversible transformation is caused by the molecular conformational change. This study is a deeper understanding of the structure-property relation of the HLCT species and will be a helpful reference for the regulation of photoluminescence in these intramolecular electron donor-acceptor crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisen Li
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Haining Cui
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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7
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Liu Y, Li A, Ma Z, Xu W, Ma Z, Jia X. Multicolored fluorescence variation of a new carbazole-based AIEE molecule by external stimuli. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19195-19201. [PMID: 32812600 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we design and synthesize a new carbazole-based molecule, Cz2CN, with a twisted D-A structure, using the carbazole group as the donor and a dicyanoethylene fragment as the acceptor. Such a twisted D-A structure endows Cz2CN with two characteristic emission bands, LE emission and ICT emission. Cz2CN exhibits AIEE, solvatochromism, and different responses to anisotropic shearing force and isotropic hydrostatic pressure, due to the sensitivity of ICT emission to aggregation, solvent polarity and mechanical force. Aggregation benefits the ICT emission, leading to the AIEE of Cz2CN in the THF/water system. Polar solvents can help stabilize the ICT-excited states and make the ICT emission red shift. The original crystalline powder is strongly fluorescent with a high quantum yield of 40.4%. A single crystal of Cz2CN is obtained and dimers without π-π interactions among carbazole groups contribute to the strong emission. Anisotropic shearing alters the emission of Cz2CN powder from sky blue (474 nm) to green (520 nm). The single crystal of Cz2CN undergoes a distinct multicolored variation from sky blue (476 nm) to green (510 nm) and further to orange (590 nm) upon isotropic hydrostatic pressure. The emission of the original powder/crystal of Cz2CN is dominated by LE (locally excited state) emission in HLCT (intercrossed hybridized local and charge transfer excited state). To the best of our knowledge, Cz2CN is an interesting carbazole-based molecule that shows simultaneous AIEE, solvatochromism and force-induced multicolored variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Aisen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, 333000, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xinru Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang M, Li J, Yu L, Wang X, Bai M. Tuning the fluorescence based on the combination of TICT and AIE emission of a tetraphenylethylene with D–π–A structure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14520-14524. [PMID: 35497165 PMCID: PMC9051877 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple D–π–A structured tetraphenylethylene with two electron-rich methyloxy groups and two electron withdrawing cyano groups, which features both twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, namely TPEOMeCN has been prepared. The emission of TPEOMeCN examined in various solvents is dependent on the polarities of solvents, which indicates the TICT character. The emission intensity of the compound also enhances with the increasing water fraction in H2O–DMSO mixtures, demonstrating the typical AIE property. Excitingly, the TICT and AIE emission could be observed separately or simultaneously by adjusting the water fraction or viscosity of the solvent. Encouragingly, the combined emission of the TPEOMeCN derived from this single molecule could be readily tuned via regulating the viscosity of the system, resulting in a broad emission peak which covers the visible spectrum (400–700 nm). This work provides a general strategy for designing molecules combining TICT emission and AIE for application as full-color emitters. The combination of the TICT and AIE properties in a tetraphenylethylene based molecule with D–π–A structure is observed by simply adjusting the viscosity of the solvent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Zhang
- Marine College
- Shandong University, Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Li
- Marine College
- Shandong University, Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yu
- Marine College
- Shandong University, Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Marine College
- Shandong University, Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- Marine College
- Shandong University, Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College
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9
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Jiang H, Liu XJ, Jia RR, Xu TH, Xia M. Side chain effects on the solid-state emission behaviours and mechano-fluorochromic activities of 10 H-phenothiazinylbenzo[ d]imidazoles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30381-30388. [PMID: 35530236 PMCID: PMC9072131 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of 4-cyanophenyl-substituted 10H-phenothiazinylbenzo[d]imidazoles with different side chains at the 10-position are prepared and their physical properties are studied. The detailed structure-property research demonstrates that the cold crystallization temperature of ground samples and the emission wavelengths of pristine samples are in good accordance with the packing density, conformation distortion and intermolecular interactions, but emission wavelengths of ground samples are slightly chain-dependent. For benzimidazoles with alkyl chains, longer and more branched chains can produce looser packings, which cause pristine samples to display red-shifted emission and reduced MFC activity. For benzimidazoles with a phenyl chain, the emission wavelengths of both the pristine and the ground samples are remarkably red-shifted. Moreover, the degree of conformation distortion is larger, and the cold crystallization temperature is higher. Interestingly, the homologue with the n-hexyl chain displays an intense ML effect that is mainly attributed to the heavy discharge quantity on largely enhanced discharge areas under force stimuli due to the great fragility of this crystal. The solid-state emission behaviours and MFC performances of 10H-phenothiazinylbenzo[d]imidazoles with different side chains are investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Ran-Rong Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
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10
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Fu HY, Liu XJ, Zha H, Li XX, Xu Y, Yang F, Xia M. Position- and region-isomerized derivatives of a V-shaped fluorophore: the unique solution-state dual emission and the unusual force-induced solid-state turn-on emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1399-1407. [PMID: 30601485 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A V-shaped parent fluorophore as well as its position- and region-isomerized derivatives with a phenyl introduced on either the electron-donating or the electron-withdrawing moiety in the ortho-, meta- or para-linkage is prepared. Compared with the parent, these derivatives exhibit unique solvent-dependent dual emission in solutions presumably due to the considerably enhanced rotation energy barrier triggered by the insertion of the phenyl, which results in competitive relaxation between the LE and the TICT states. The intrinsically differentiated electron effect induced by the linkage position, which is strengthened by the twisted conformations, should be responsible for the faint or fully quenched fluorescence of the ortho- and meta-isomers in both solution and solid states. The rare turn-on solid-state emission of such isomers under force stimuli is caused by the enhanced π-conjugation effect on excited molecules, which are released from broken lattices to possess more planarized geometries. Moreover, the red shifts of emission wavelengths before and after force application are remarkably reduced from the parent to the derivatives. X-ray crystallography helps us gain a deep insight on the reasons for such a reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
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11
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Ma X, Li J, Lin C, Chai G, Xie Y, Huang W, Wu D, Wong WY. Reversible two-channel mechanochromic luminescence for a pyridinium-based white-light emitter with room-temperature fluorescence–phosphorescence dual emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14728-14733. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For a pyridinium-based emitter with fluorescence–phosphorescence dual emission, mechanical grinding induces phosphorescence disappearance and mechanical pressing induces extraordinary phosphorescence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Jipeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Chensheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- P. R. China
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