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Dantas Filho RV, de Queiroz TB. Screened optimally tuned range separated hybrid functional for solvated low bandgap molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034109. [PMID: 39007381 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The description of electronic properties of low bandgap molecular system is often performed by using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD) DFT calculations with the optimally tuned range-separated hybrid (OT-RSH) functional, as it contains the necessary ingredients to reliably predict charge transfer excitations. However, the range separating parameter (ω) is system-dependent and its optimization, including the chemical environment, is intricate. Refaely-Abramson et al. demonstrated that the gap renormalization in molecular crystals, a ground state property, can be represented by an OT-RSH functional screened by ɛstatic [Phys. Rev. B 88, 081204(R) (2013)], the zero frequency scalar dielectric constant. In this study, we propose the use of an OT-RSH functional screened by the scalar dielectric constant in the high frequency limit (OT-sRSH), ɛ∞, an appropriate constraint for vertical ionization energies or excitations in a dielectric environment. We have performed calculations for S,N-heteroacene derivatives in tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane. The "unscreened" OT-RSH functional tends to underestimate experimental ionization potentials (IPs) and optical gaps (Egs) by up to 1.5 and 0.5 eV, respectively. In contrast, OT-sRSH functional calculations underestimate IPs and Egs by only 0.4 and 0.2 eV. We also compared the OT-sRSH results to explicitly solvated OT-RSH functional calculations for oligothiophenes in dioxane, benzene in ammonia, and methylene blue in water. We observe that both the approaches perform similarly for weakly interacting intermolecular systems and deviate for solvent-solute interacting systems, as expected. In conclusion, the OT-sRSH functional can describe molecular systems with environmental polarization effects accurately, a step toward describing realistic molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo V Dantas Filho
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09510-580 Santo André-SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago B de Queiroz
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, 09510-580 Santo André-SP, Brazil
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Tsizin S, Ban L, Chasovskikh E, Yoder BL, Signorell R. Valence photoelectron imaging of molecular oxybenzone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19236-19246. [PMID: 38957915 PMCID: PMC11253247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06224d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
An oxybenzone molecule in the gas phase was characterized by mass spectrometry and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, using both single and multiphoton ionization schemes. A tabletop high harmonic generation source with a monochromator was used for single-photon ionization of oxybenzone with photon energies of up to 35.7 eV. From this, vertical ionization and appearance energies, as well as energy-dependent anisotropy parameters were retrieved and compared with the results from DFT calculations. For two-photon ionization using 4.7 eV light, we found a higher appearance energy than in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) case, highlighting the possible influence of an intermediate state on the photoionization process. We found no differences in the mass spectra when ionizing oxybenzone by single-photons between 17.2 and 35.7 eV. However, for the multiphoton ionization, the fragmentation process was found to be sensitive to the photoionization order and laser intensity. The "softest" method was found to be two-photon ionization using 4.7 eV light, which led to no measurable fragmentation up to an intensity of 5 × 1012 W cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Tsizin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2., CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Loren Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2., CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Egor Chasovskikh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2., CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2., CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2., CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hosaka T, Matsuyama T, Tatara R, Gossage ZT, Komaba S. Impact of electrolyte decomposition products on the electrochemical performance of 4 V class K-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8860-8868. [PMID: 37621426 PMCID: PMC10445460 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of long-life K-ion batteries (KIBs), half-cell measurements using highly reactive K metal counter electrodes are a standard practice. However, there is increasing evidence of electrolyte decomposition by K metal impacting electrode performance. Herein, we systematically explored the K metal-treated electrolytes KPF6, KN(SO2F)2 (KFSA), and their combination in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC), referred to as K-KPF6, K-KFSA, and K-KPF6:KFSA, respectively, after storage in contact with K metal. Through mass spectrometry analysis, we identified significant formation of carbonate ester-derived decomposition products such as oligocarbonates for K-KPF6, while K-KFSA predominantly generates anions combining FSA- with the solvent structures. Using three-electrode cells, we delineated the positive effects of the K-KFSA and K-KPF6:KFSA electrolytes on graphite negative electrode performance and the negative impact of oligocarbonates in K-KPF6 on K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] positive electrodes. The interactions between the decomposition products and the electrodes were further evaluated using density functional theory calculations. Full cell measurements using K-KPF6:KFSA showed an improved energy density and capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles compared with an untreated electrolyte (72%). Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the incorporation of the FSA-derived structures into the solid electrolyte interphase at graphite, which was not observed in K metal-free cells. Overall, this work indicates further complexities to consider in KIB measurements and suggests the potential application of decomposition products as electrolyte additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomooki Hosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Zachary T Gossage
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Shinichi Komaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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Nemirovich T, Kostal V, Copko J, Schewe HC, Boháčová S, Martinek T, Slanina T, Jungwirth P. Bridging Electrochemistry and Photoelectron Spectroscopy in the Context of Birch Reduction: Detachment Energies and Redox Potentials of Electron, Dielectron, and Benzene Radical Anion in Liquid Ammonia. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22093-22100. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Nemirovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Kostal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Copko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H. Christian Schewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Boháčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Martinek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Gibson JK. Bond Dissociation Energies Reveal the Participation of d Electrons in f-Element Halide Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:272-285. [PMID: 35007073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bond dissociation energies (BDEs) reported in the literature for lanthanide monofluorides and lanthanide monochlorides LnX, where X = F or Cl, exhibit substantial irregular variations across the Ln series. It is demonstrated here that correlations of these variations with reported experimentally based atomic energies to prepare the Ln constituent for bonding reveal the nature of the bonding. Whereas some molecular characteristics are well understood in the context of highly ionic bonding, with LnX considered to be (Ln+)(X-), some significant variations in BDEs are not well rationalized simply by ionization to convert Ln to Ln+ for bonding. Focusing here on lanthanide monofluorides LnF, a consideration of alternative Ln preparation schemes shows that a particularly good rationalization of BDEs is obtained by invoking the participation of a lanthanide 5d electron in bonding. This 5d participation could be in ionic (Ln+)(F-) via π-donation from F- 2p to empty Ln+ 5d orbitals or in covalent π-bonded Ln:F via polarization from Ln 5d to F 2p, with these ionic and polar covalent perspectives ultimately being equivalent. The inference of lanthanide 5d involvement suggests that the valence 4f and 6s electrons do not effectively participate in some key aspects of the bonding, presumably due to poor spatial overlap with F 2p orbitals. An extension to actinide monofluorides, AnF, assumes analogous ionic or polar covalent bonding involving a valence 6d electron and results in predictions for BDEs that include a general decrease from left to right across the series, except for a distinctive local minimum at AmF. Determining the BDE for AmF would serve to evaluate the predictions and the underlying assumption of 6d bonding. The BDE assessments/predictions for neutral monofluorides, LnF and AnF, are also applied to cationic LnF+ and AnF+, and it is noted that the approach can be directly extended to f-element monochlorides, monobromides, and monoiodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Bystron T, Devadas B, Bouzek K, Svoboda J, Kolarikova V, Kvicala J. Anodic Oxidation of Iodobenzene and Iodobenzoic Acids in Acetic Acid Environment – Electrochemical Investigation and Density Functional Theory Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bystron
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Balamurugan Devadas
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Organic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Viola Kolarikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kvicala
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 Prague 6 166 28 Czech Republic
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Schaal M, Aihara T, Gruenewald M, Otto F, Domke J, Forker R, Yoshida H, Fritz T. Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1168-1177. [PMID: 32821641 PMCID: PMC7418096 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are widely used to decouple organic molecules from metal substrates. Nevertheless, there are also indications in the literature for a significant hybridization, which results in a perturbation of the intrinsic molecular properties. In this work we study the electronic and optical properties as well as the lateral structure of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) on Ni(111) with and without an atomically thin h-BN interlayer to investigate its possible decoupling effect. To this end, we use in situ differential reflectance spectroscopy as an established method to distinguish between hybridized and decoupled molecules. By inserting an h-BN interlayer we fabricate a buried interface and show that the DBP molecules are well decoupled from the Ni(111) surface. Furthermore, a highly ordered DBP monolayer is obtained on h-BN/Ni(111) by depositing the molecules at a substrate temperature of 170 °C. The structural results are obtained by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Finally, the investigation of the valence band structure by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the low work function of h-BN/Ni(111) further decreases after the DBP deposition. For this reason, the h-BN-passivated Ni(111) surface may serve as potential n-type contact for future molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schaal
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Takumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Otto
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jari Domke
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
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