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Zouaoui-Rabah M, Bekri L, Hedidi M, Elhorri AM, Madaoui Y. Characteristics of new pyrrolic derivatives and their oligomers using DFT and TD-DFT calculations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:364. [PMID: 37945908 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This article is based on the study of pyrrolic derivatives and their oligomers. Knowing that, pyrrolic derivatives are widely studied on an industrial scale. The aim of this work is to find pyrrolic derivatives having the same physicochemical characteristics such as the pyrrolic edifice. Six derivatives were studied by substituting the hydrogens in the β position of the pyrroles with the following radicals: -CHO, -Cl, -CN, -NO, and -OH. The study was carried out theoretically using ab initio and density functional of theory (DFT) methods. In the first step, molecules of four units were taken into consideration in order to make the comparison between them. This comparison showed that the majority of molecules exhibited high intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) compared to the molecule composed of four pyrrolic units (OP4), and also exhibited strong nucleophilic and electrophilic characteristics. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has shown continuous ICT mechanisms for certain molecules. The studied derivatives showed good solvation in several solvents compared to OP4. The molecules substituted by the radicals -CHO, -CN, -OH, and -NO generated several peaks in the excited states, which is the opposite case for the other molecules with a single peak. The effects of chain elongation revealed exponential equations generated by the two parameters energy gaps (ΔEH-L) and maximum wavelengths (λmax) as a function of the number of units (n). These equations were used to predict the maximum and minimum values of the above parameters for more elongated oligomers. METHOD The software used to make the calculations is Gaussian 16. All geometries were calculated by B3LYP functional and 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The electronic parameters ΔEH-L were calculated by the following functionals: B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, LC-wPBE, LC-BLYP, wB97X, M062X, M06HF, and M11 in addition to the second-order Møller-Plesset method (MP2) while always keeping the basis set mentioned before. An effect of basis set variation was studied by the optimal functional in combination with the following basis sets: 6-31G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), cc-pVDZ, AUG-cc-pVDZ, 6-311G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), cc-pVTZ, and AUG-cc-pVTZ. The NBO study was carried out with the M06HF/6-31++G(d,p) functional using the NBO method. The solvation parameters were calculated by M06HF/6-31++G(d,p) in the presence of the implicit solvation model Solvation Model based on Density (SMD). The excited states were calculated by M06HF/6-31++G(d,p) by the implicit solvation model Conductor Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Zouaoui-Rabah
- Department of Preparatory Education in Science and Technology, National Polytechnic School of Oran Maurice Audin, P.O. Box 1523, Oran, El M'naouer, Algeria
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry Catalysis and Reactivity, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria
| | - Lahcène Bekri
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mustapha Stambouli, University of Mascara, Av. Cheikh El Khaldi, 29000, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Madani Hedidi
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry Catalysis and Reactivity, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader M Elhorri
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry Catalysis and Reactivity, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria.
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria.
| | - Yemouna Madaoui
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, P.O. Box 78C, 02180, Ouled Fares Chlef, Algeria
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Swathi K, Sujith M, Divya PS, P MV, Delledonne A, Phan Huu DKA, Di Maiolo F, Terenziani F, Lapini A, Painelli A, Sissa C, Thomas KG. From symmetry breaking to symmetry swapping: is Kasha's rule violated in multibranched phenyleneethynylenes? Chem Sci 2023; 14:1986-1996. [PMID: 36845926 PMCID: PMC9945429 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of excited-state symmetry breaking is often observed in multipolar molecular systems, significantly affecting their photophysical and charge separation behavior. As a result of this phenomenon, the electronic excitation is partially localized in one of the molecular branches. However, the intrinsic structural and electronic factors that regulate excited-state symmetry breaking in multibranched systems have hardly been investigated. Herein, we explore these aspects by adopting a joint experimental and theoretical investigation for a class of phenyleneethynylenes, one of the most widely used molecular building blocks for optoelectronic applications. The large Stokes shifts observed for highly symmetric phenyleneethynylenes are explained by the presence of low-lying dark states, as also established by two-photon absorption measurements and TDDFT calculations. In spite of the presence of low-lying dark states, these systems show an intense fluorescence in striking contrast to Kasha's rule. This intriguing behavior is explained in terms of a novel phenomenon, dubbed "symmetry swapping" that describes the inversion of the energy order of excited states, i.e., the swapping of excited states occurring as a consequence of symmetry breaking. Thus, symmetry swapping explains quite naturally the observation of an intense fluorescence emission in molecular systems whose lowest vertical excited state is a dark state. In short, symmetry swapping is observed in highly symmetric molecules having multiple degenerate or quasi-degenerate excited states that are prone to symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Swathi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM)VithuraThiruvananthapuram695 551India
| | - Meleppatt Sujith
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695 551 India
| | - P. S. Divya
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM)VithuraThiruvananthapuram695 551India
| | - Merin Varghese P
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695 551 India
| | - Andrea Delledonne
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - D. K. Andrea Phan Huu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Francesco Di Maiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Francesca Terenziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Anna Painelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - K. George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM)VithuraThiruvananthapuram695 551India
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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Shen L, Li Z, Wu X, Zhou W, Yang J, Song Y. Ultrafast broadband nonlinear optical properties and excited-state dynamics of two bis-chalcone derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15199-15205. [PMID: 35495433 PMCID: PMC9052307 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores is vital for various fields such as two-photon biomedical imaging, optical limiting, etc. In this work, two bis-chalcone molecules 1,4-bis[3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-acryloyl]benzene (C1) and 4,4′-bis[3-(2,4-bimethoxy phenyl)-2-acryloyl]biphenyl (C2) were synthesized and characterized. The excited-state dynamics of these two chromophores were studied using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements. And their broadband nonlinear absorption properties and optical limiting (OL) response were investigated by femtosecond open-aperture Z-scan and intensity-dependent transmittance measurements in the wavelength range from 515 nm to 800 nm, respectively. The TA results demonstrate that C2 has strong excited-state absorption behavior and longer lifetime. In addition, the nonlinear absorption response of C2 was found to be superior to that of C1 in the visible range after 500 nm, which is attributed to a two-photon-absorption induced excited-state absorption mechanism. These results indicate that the nonlinear optical response and excited-state dynamics in bis-chalcone compounds could be enhanced via intramolecular charge-transfer. The introduction of a benzene ring largely affects the excited-state absorption spectra and dynamics of these chromophores.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
| | - Zhongguo Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- China
| | - Xingzhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Wenfa Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
| | - Junyi Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
| | - Yinglin Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
- Department of Physics
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Niu X, Kuang Z, Planells M, Guo Y, Robertson N, Xia A. Electron-donating strength dependent symmetry breaking charge transfer dynamics of quadrupolar molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15743-15750. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent induced excited state symmetry breaking processes of donor–acceptor–donor quadrupolar dyes are successfully tracked in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miquel Planells
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Neil Robertson
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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Bardi B, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT, Painelli A, Terenziani F. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in an Aza-Nanographene Dye. Chemistry 2019; 25:13930-13938. [PMID: 31373409 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a structurally unique aza-analogue of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by 12 conjugated rings and a curved architecture was studied in detail. The combined experimental and computational investigation reveals that the lowest excited state has charge-transfer character, in spite of the absence of any peripheral electron-withdrawing groups. The exceptionally electron-rich core comprised of two fused pyrrole rings is responsible for it. The observed strong solvatofluorochromism is related to symmetry breaking occurring in the emitting excited state, leading to a significant dipole moment (13.5 D) in the relaxed excited state. The anomalously small fluorescence anisotropy of this molecule, which is qualitatively different from what is observed in standard quadrupolar dyes, is explained as due to the presence of excited states that are close in energy but have different polarization directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Bardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Painelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Terenziani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
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