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Xu L, Kong X, Li X, Zhang B, Deng Y, Wang J, Duan C, Zhang D, Liu W. Current Status of Novel Multifunctional Targeted Pt(IV) Compounds and Their Reductive Release Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:746. [PMID: 38398498 PMCID: PMC10892972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely used in chemotherapy for various types of cancer and are considered crucial. Tetravalent platinum (Pt(IV)) compounds have gained significant attention and have been extensively researched among these drugs. Traditionally, Pt(IV) compounds are reduced to divalent platinum (Pt(II)) after entering cells, causing DNA lesions and exhibiting their anti-tumor effect. However, the available evidence indicates that some Pt(IV) derivatives may differ from the traditional mechanism and exert their anti-tumor effect through their overall structure. This review primarily focuses on the existing literature regarding targeted Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds, with a specific emphasis on their in vivo mode of action and the properties of reduction release in multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the design and synthesis strategies employed for Pt(II) derivatives that selectively target various enzymes (glucose receptor, folate, telomerase, etc.) or substances (mitochondria, oleic acid, etc.). Furthermore, it thoroughly examines and summarizes the rational design, anti-tumor mechanism of action, and reductive release capacity of novel multifunctional Pt(IV) compounds, such as those targeting p53-MDM2, COX-2, lipid metabolism, dual drugs, and drug delivery systems. Finally, this review aims to provide theoretical support for the rational design and development of new targeted Pt(IV) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Xu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuxiao Deng
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chonggang Duan
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Drugs, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China; (L.X.); (X.K.); (X.L.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (C.D.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
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Wang Y, Ma D, Sun J, Song C, Huo S. Reduction of an asymmetric Pt(IV) prodrug fac-[Pt(dach)Cl3(OC(=O)CH3)] by biological thiol compounds: kinetic and mechanistic characterizations. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-021-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Corinti D, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E, Gabano E, Perin E, Osella D. A multi-methodological inquiry of the behavior of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) derivatives in the presence of bioreductants with a focus on the isolated encounter complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:655-670. [PMID: 32296997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs able to circumvent some drawbacks of the conventional Pt(II) chemotherapeutics is the focus of a lot of attention. This paper reports a thorough study based on experimental methods (reduction kinetics, electrochemistry, tandem mass spectrometry and IR ion spectroscopy) and quantum-mechanical DFT calculations on the reduction mechanism of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) derivatives having two hydroxido (1), one hydroxido and one acetato (2), or two acetato ligands (3) in axial position. The biological reductants glutathione and ascorbic acid were taken into consideration. The presence of a hydroxido ligand resulted to play an important role in the chemical reduction with ascorbic acid, as verified by 15N-NMR kinetic analysis using 15N-enriched complexes. The reactivity trend (1 > 2 > 3) does not reflect the respective reduction peak potentials (1 < 2 < 3), an inverse relationship already documented in similar systems. Turning to a simplified environment, the Pt(IV) complexes associated with a single reductant molecule (corresponding to the encounter complex occurring along the reaction coordinate in bimolecular reactions in solution) were characterized by IR ion spectroscopy and sampled for their reactivity under collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. The complexes display a comparable reduction reactivity ordering as that observed in solution. DFT calculations of the free energy pathways for the observed fragmentation reactions provide theoretical support for the CID patterns and the mechanistic hypotheses on the reduction process are corroborated by the observed reaction paths. The bulk of these data offers a clue of the intricate pathways occurring in solution.Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87035, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87035, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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Investigations of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Reduction of a Carboplatin Pt(IV) Prodrug by the Major Small-Molecule Reductants in Human Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225660. [PMID: 31726728 PMCID: PMC6888404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Pt(IV) anticancer prodrugs to overcome the detrimental side effects of Pt(II)-based anticancer drugs is of current interest. The kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the reductive activation of the carboplatin Pt(IV) prodrug cis,trans-[Pt(cbdca)(NH3)2Cl2] (cbdca = cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate) by the major small-molecule reductants in human plasma were analyzed in this work. The reductants included ascorbate (Asc), the thiol-containing molecules L-cysteine (Cys), DL-homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), and the dipeptide Cys–Gly. Overall second-order kinetics were established in all cases. At the physiological pH of 7.4, the observed second-order rate constants k′ followed the order Asc << Cys–Gly ~ Hcy < GSH < Cys. This reactivity order together with the abundances of the reductants in human plasma indicated Cys as the major small-molecule reductant in vivo, followed by GSH and ascorbate, whereas Hcy is much less important. In the cases of Cys and GSH, detailed reaction mechanisms and the reactivity of the various protolytic species at physiological pH were derived. The rate constants of the rate-determining steps were evaluated, allowing the construction of reactivity-versus-pH distribution diagrams for Cys and GSH. The diagrams unraveled that species III of Cys (−SCH2CH(NH3+)COO−) and species IV of GSH (−OOCCH(NH3+)CH2CH2CONHCH(CH2S−)- CONHCH2COO−) were exclusively dominant in the reduction process. These two species are anticipated to be of pivotal importance in the reduction of other types of Pt(IV) prodrugs as well.
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Liu C, Xu L, Tian H, Yao H, Elding LI, Shi T. Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of Pt(IV) anticancer model compounds by Se-methyl L-selenocysteine. Comparison with L-selenomethionine. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chipman A, Yates BF, Canty AJ, Ariafard A. Reduction of a platinum(iv) prodrug model by sulfur containing biological reductants: computational mechanistic elucidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10491-10494. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05682j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order for the usual l-Cys zwitterion to reduce PtIV, it is first required to tautomerise into its unusual form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Chipman
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry)
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart TAS 7001
- Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry)
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart TAS 7001
- Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry)
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart TAS 7001
- Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry)
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart TAS 7001
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
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