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Bermejo J, Ortega-Lepe I, Santos LL, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Álvarez E, Suárez A. Nitrous oxide activation by picoline-derived Ni-CNP hydrides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1575-1578. [PMID: 38230654 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from N2O to the Ni-H bond of proton-responsive picoline-derived CNP nickel complexes has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. These Ni-CNP complexes efficiently catalyse the reduction of N2O with pinacolborane (HBpin) under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bermejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Isabel Ortega-Lepe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Laura L Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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Ortega-Lepe I, Sánchez P, Santos LL, Lara P, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Salazar-Pereda V, Álvarez E, Paneque M, Suárez A. Catalytic Nitrous Oxide Reduction with H 2 Mediated by Pincer Ir Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18590-18600. [PMID: 36346983 PMCID: PMC10441893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) with H2 to N2 and water is an attractive process for the decomposition of this greenhouse gas to environmentally benign species. Herein, a series of iridium complexes based on proton-responsive pincer ligands (1-4) are shown to catalyze the hydrogenation of N2O under mild conditions (2 bar H2/N2O (1:1), 30 °C). Among the tested catalysts, the Ir complex 4, based on a lutidine-derived CNP pincer ligand having nonequivalent phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) side donors, gave rise to the highest catalytic activity (turnover frequency (TOF) = 11.9 h-1 at 30 °C, and 16.4 h-1 at 55 °C). Insights into the reaction mechanism with 4 have been obtained through NMR spectroscopy. Thus, reaction of 4 with N2O in tetrahydrofuran-d8 (THF-d8) initially produces deprotonated (at the NHC arm) species 5NHC, which readily reacts with H2 to regenerate the trihydride complex 4. However, prolonged exposure of 4 to N2O for 6 h yields the dinitrogen Ir(I) complex 7P, having a deprotonated (at the P-arm) pincer ligand. Complex 7P is a poor catalytic precursor in the N2O hydrogenation, pointing out to the formation of 7P as a catalyst deactivation pathway. Moreover, when the reaction of 4 with N2O is carried out in wet THF-d8, formation of a new species, which has been assigned to the hydroxo species 8, is observed. Finally, taking into account the experimental results, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to get information on the catalytic cycle steps. Calculations are in agreement with 4 as the TOF-determining intermediate (TDI) and the transfer of an apical hydrido ligand to the terminal nitrogen atom of N2O as the TOF-determining transition state (TDTS), with very similar reaction rates for the mechanisms involving either the NHC- or the P-CH2 pincer methylene linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega-Lepe
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Práxedes Sánchez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L. Santos
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Lara
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Verónica Salazar-Pereda
- Área
Académica de Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Mechanistic Studies of Oxygen-Atom Transfer (OAT) in the Homogeneous Conversion of N2O by Ru Pincer Complexes. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10060069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the overall turnover-limiting step (TOLS) in the homogeneous conversion of N2O, the oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) from an N2O to an Ru-H complex to generate an N2 and Ru-OH complex has been comprehensively investigated by density functional theory (DFT) computations. Theoretical results show that the proton transfer from Ru-H to the terminal N of endo N2O is most favorable pathway, and the generation of N2 via OAT is accomplished by a three-step mechanism [N2O-insertion into the Ru-H bond (TS-1-2, 24.1 kcal mol−1), change of geometry of the formed (Z)-O-bound oxyldiazene intermediate (TS-2-3, 5.5 kcal mol−1), and generation of N2 from the proton transfer (TS-3-4, 26.6 kcal mol−1)]. The Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG‡) of 29.0 kcal mol−1 for the overall turnover-limiting step (TOLS) is determined. With the participation of potentially existing traces of water in the THF solvent serving as a proton shuttle, the Gibbs free energy of activation in the generation of N2 (TS-3-4-OH2) decreases to 15.1 kcal mol−1 from 26.6 kcal mol−1 (TS-3-4). To explore the structure–activity relationship in the conversion of N2O to N2, the catalytic activities of a series of Ru-H complexes (C1–C10) are investigated. The excellent linear relationships (R2 > 0.91) between the computed hydricities (ΔGH−) and ΔG‡ of TS-3-4, between the computed hydricities (ΔGH−) and the ΔG‡ of TOLS, were obtained. The utilization of hydricity as a potential parameter to predict the activity is consistent with other reports, and the current results suggest a more electron-donating ligand could lead to a more active Ru-H catalyst.
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Escayola S, Solà M, Poater A. Mechanism of the Facile Nitrous Oxide Fixation by Homogeneous Ruthenium Hydride Pincer Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9374-9383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kumar A, Milstein D. Recent Advances in the Applications of Metal-Ligand Cooperation via Dearomatization and Aromatization of Pincer Complexes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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