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Wang X, Yang C, Zhang X, Ye C, Liu W, Wang C. Marine natural products: potential agents for depression treatment. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:12569. [PMID: 38812493 PMCID: PMC11135343 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. Due to the disadvantages of current clinical drugs, including poor efficacy and unnecessary side effects, research has shifted to novel natural products with minimal or no adverse effects as therapeutic alternatives. The ocean is a vast ecological home, with a wide variety of organisms that can produce a large number of natural products with unique structures, some of which have neuroprotective effects and are a valuable source for the development of new drugs for depression. In this review, we analyzed preclinical and clinical studies of natural products derived from marine organisms with antidepressant potential, including the effects on the pathophysiology of depression, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Wu C, Yin Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Li B, Wang Q, Yao L, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang R. The first bioactive (angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory) peptide isolated from pearl matrix protein. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28060. [PMID: 38560194 PMCID: PMC10979060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, we unveil the medical potential of pearls by identifying a novel bioactive peptide within them for the first time. The peptide, termed KKCHFWPFPW, emerges as a pioneering angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, originating from the pearl matrix of Pinctada fucata. Employing quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, this peptide was meticulously selected and pinpointed. With a molecular weight of 1417.5 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.31, its inhibitory potency was demonstrated through a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.17 μM, established via high-performance liquid chromatography. The inhibition of ACE by this peptide was found to be competitive, as revealed by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, where an increase in peptide concentration correlated with an enhanced rate of ACE inhibition. To delve into the interaction between KKCHFWPFPW and ACE, molecular docking simulations were conducted using the Maestro 2022-1 Glide software, shedding light on the inhibitory mechanism. This investigation suggests that peptides derived from the P. martensii pearl matrix hold promise as a novel source for antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry ofAgriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry ofAgriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Xinjiani Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Bailei Li
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Taizhou Innovation Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 318000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Taizhou Innovation Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 318000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
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Bougatef H, Sila A, Bougatef A, Martínez-Alvarez O. Protein Hydrolysis as a Way to Valorise Squid-Processing Byproducts: Obtaining and Identification of ACE, DPP-IV and PEP Inhibitory Peptides. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:156. [PMID: 38667773 PMCID: PMC11050885 DOI: 10.3390/md22040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrial processing of Argentine shortfin squid to obtain rings generates a significant amount of protein-rich waste, including the skin, which is rich in collagen and attached myofibrillar proteins. This waste is generally discarded. In this study, skin was used as a source of proteins that were hydrolysed using Trypsin, Esperase® or Alcalase®, which released peptides with antioxidant potential and, in particular, antihypertensive (ACE inhibition), hypoglycemic (DPP-IV inhibition) and/or nootropic (PEP inhibition) potential. Among the three enzymes tested, Esperase® and Alcalase produced hydrolysates with potent ACE-, DPP-IV- and PEP-inhibiting properties. These hydrolysates underwent chromatography fractionation, and the composition of the most bioactive fractions was analysed using HPLC-MS-MS. The fractions with the highest bioactivity exhibited very low IC50 values (16 and 66 µg/mL for ACE inhibition, 97 µg/mL for DPP-IV inhibition and 55 µg/mL for PEP inhibition) and were mainly derived from the hydrolysate obtained using Esperase®. The presence of Leu at the C-terminal appeared to be crucial for the ACE inhibitory activity of these fractions. The DPP-IV inhibitory activity of peptides seemed to be determined by the presence of Pro or Ala in the second position from the N-terminus, and Gly and/or Pro in the last C-terminal positions. Similarly, the presence of Pro in the peptides present in the best PEP inhibitory fraction seemed to be important in the inhibitory effect. These results demonstrate that the skin of the Argentine shortfin squid is a valuable source of bioactive peptides, suitable for incorporation into human nutrition as nutraceuticals and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Oscar Martínez-Alvarez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN, CSIC), 6 José Antonio Novais St, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Dong Y, Yan W, Zhang YQ, Dai ZY. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from tilapia skin: Preparation, identification and its potential antihypertensive mechanism. Food Chem 2024; 430:137074. [PMID: 37549627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To obtain food-derived peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity, tilapia skin was pretreated with steam explosion prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that steam explosion pretreatment improved the hydrolysis efficiency and ACE inhibitory activity of fish skin hydrolysates. A novel ACE inhibitory peptide VGLFPSRSF (1009.17 Da) was obtained from steam-exploded fish skin hydrolysates. VGLFPSRSF had an IC50 value of 61.43 μM for ACE inhibitory activity, showing a non-competitive binding mode and gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysis resistance. Molecular docking results showed that VGLFPSRSF interacted with ACE receptor protein through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Based on the results of network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking, VGLFPSRSF might regulate blood pressure through interaction with hypertensive targets such as AKT1, ACE, CD4, REN, and MMP9. Steam-exploded tilapia skin peptides had potential antihypertension activity and might be promising to achieve high-value utilization of fish skin by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Wen Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
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5
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Wang S, Zhang L, Wang H, Hu Z, Xie X, Chen H, Tu Z. Identification of novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Pacific saury: In vivo antihypertensive effect and transport route. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127196. [PMID: 37793525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nature food-derived angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs) can be potent and safe therapeutics for many medical illnesses, particularly hypertension. In this study, novel ACEIPs were screened and identified from Pacific saury by bio-activity guided approach through ultrafiltration membrane, Sephadex G-25 and RP-HPLC. The antihypertensive effect of ultrafiltration fraction was confirmed with spontaneous hypertensive rats' (SHRs) model. The peptides sequences of which gave the best activity was identified by Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and selectively synthesized based on the binding energy of molecular docking. Five peptides VVLASLK, LTLK, LEPWR, ELPPK and LPTEK were synthesized, and the peptide LEPWR (IC50 = 99.5 μM) showed the best ACE inhibitory ability. Furthermore, LEPWR against ACE in a mixed competitive pattern and formed six hydrogen bonds with ACE. Additionally, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of LEPWR was 3.56 ± 0.14 × 10-6 cm/s and paracellular transport across tight junctions was the main pathway across the Caco-2 monolayer. Therefore, the Pacific saury is a good material to prepare ACEIPs, but antihypertensive mechanism of peptide LEPWR on SHRs needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Zizi Hu
- National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xing Xie
- National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Haiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zongcai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; National R&D Center for conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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6
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Dai H, He M, Hu G, Li Z, Al-Romaima A, Wu Z, Liu X, Qiu M. Discovery of ACE Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Green Coffee Using In Silico and In Vitro Methods. Foods 2023; 12:3480. [PMID: 37761189 PMCID: PMC10529643 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is an important means of treating hypertension since it plays an important regulatory function in the renin-angiotensin system. The aim of this study was to investigate the ACE inhibitory effect of bioactive peptides from green coffee beans using in silico and in vitro methods. Alcalase and thermolysin were employed to hydrolyze protein extract from coffee beans. Bioactive peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis coupled with database searching. The potential bioactivities of peptides were predicted by in silico screening, among which five novel peptides may have ACE inhibitory activity. In vitro assay was carried out to determine the ACE inhibitory degree. Two peptides (IIPNEVY, ITPPVMLPP) were obtained with IC50 values of 57.54 and 40.37 μM, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that two inhibitors bound to the receptor protein on similar sites near the S1 active pocket of ACE to form stable enzyme-peptide complexes through molecular docking, and the Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that IIPNEVY was a noncompetitive inhibitor, and ITPPVMLPP was suggested to be a mixed-type inhibitor. Our study demonstrated that two peptides isolated from coffee have potential applications as antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
| | - Abdulbaset Al-Romaima
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.D.); (M.H.); (G.H.); (Z.L.); (A.A.-R.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Li W, Chen W, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Wu D, Yan M, Ma H, Yang Y. Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel ACE Inhibitory Undecapeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata by Molecular Interactions and Activity Analyses. Foods 2023; 12:3461. [PMID: 37761171 PMCID: PMC10529921 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Undecapeptide is the central peptide molecule in the peptide base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in hypertension. To fully explore the interaction mechanism and ACE-inhibitory activity of long-chain peptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata, the binding conformations of twenty-seven undecapeptides with the ACE receptor were revealed by molecule docking. The undecapeptide GQEDYDRLRPL with better receptor binding capacity and higher secondary mass spectral abundance was screened. All amino acid residues except proline in GQEDYDRLRPL interacted with the ACE receptor. GQEDYDRLRPL interfered with the receptor's overall structure, with significant fluctuations in amino acid residues 340-355, including two residues in the receptor's active pockets. The binding constants of GQEDYDRLRPL to the ACE receptors were at the μM level, with a kinetic binding constant of 9.26 × 10-7 M, which is a strong binding, and a thermodynamic binding constant of 3.06 × 10-6 M. Intermolecular interaction were exothermic, enthalpy-driven, and specific binding reactions. GQEDYDRLRPL had an IC50 value of 164.41 μmol/L in vitro and superior antihypertensive effects at low-gavage administration in vivo. Obtaining information on the interaction mechanism of ACE-inhibitory undecapeptides from S. rugosoannulata with the ACE receptor will help to develop and utilize ACE inhibitors of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Y.)
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Roy VC, Islam MR, Sadia S, Yeasmin M, Park JS, Lee HJ, Chun BS. Trash to Treasure: An Up-to-Date Understanding of the Valorization of Seafood By-Products, Targeting the Major Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:485. [PMID: 37755098 PMCID: PMC10532690 DOI: 10.3390/md21090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishery production is exponentially growing, and its by-products negatively impact industries' economic and environmental status. The large amount of bioactive micro- and macromolecules in fishery by-products, including lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, collagen, gelatin, chitin, chitosan, and fucoidan, need to be utilized through effective strategies and proper management. Due to the bioactive and healthy compounds in fishery discards, these components can be used as functional food ingredients. Fishery discards have inorganic or organic value to add to or implement in various sectors (such as the agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical industries). However, the best use of these postharvest raw materials for human welfare remains unelucidated in the scientific community. This review article describes the most useful techniques and methods, such as obtaining proteins and peptides, fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and carotenoids, as well as collagen, gelatin, and polysaccharides such as chitin-chitosan and fucoidan, to ensure the best use of fishery discards. Marine-derived bioactive compounds have biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These high-value compounds are used in various industrial sectors, such as the food and cosmetic industries, owing to their unique functional and characteristic structures. This study aimed to determine the gap between misused fishery discards and their effects on the environment and create awareness for the complete valorization of fishery discards, targeting a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Roy
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Sadia
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Yeasmin
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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Zhang L, Miao J, Guo J, Liu J, Xia Z, Chen B, Ma F, Cao Y. Two Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides from Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Bran Protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4153-4162. [PMID: 36812450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To realize the high-value utilization of rice byproducts, the rice bran protein hydrolysate was separated and purified by ultrafiltration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), then the sequences of peptides were identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and their molecular docking analysis and activities in vitro and in the cell were carried out. Two novel peptides FDGSPVGY (840.3654 Da) and VFDGVLRPGQ (1086.582 Da) were obtained with IC50 values of 0.079 mg/mL (94.05 μM) and 0.093 mg/mL (85.59 μM) on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro, respectively. Molecular docking results showed that two peptides interacted with ACE receptor protein through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc. Through the EA.hy926 cells, it was found that FDGSPVGY and VFDGVLRPGQ could promote the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduce the content of ET-1 to achieve the effect of antihypertension. In conclusion, the peptides from rice bran protein exhibited significant antihypertension activity and may be expected to realize the high-value utilization of rice byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junbin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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10
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ACE2-Inhibitory Effects of Bromelain and Ficin in Colon Cancer Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020301. [PMID: 36837502 PMCID: PMC9962737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bromelain and ficin are aqueous extracts from fruits of Ananas comosus and Ficus carcia plants, used widely for medical applications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE, degrading Ang II to angiotensin 1-7 and decreasing the cellular concentration of Ang II. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the ACE2-inhibitory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects of ficin and bromelain on caco-2 cells. Results: We found that bromelain and ficin significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer cells with IC50 value concentrations of 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for bromelain after 24 and 48 h treatments, and 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for ficin after 24 and 48 h treatments, respectively. The apoptosis of the caco-2 cell line treated with bromelain was 81.04% and 56.70%, observed after 24 and 48 h. Total apoptotic proportions in caco-2 cells treated with ficin after 24 and 48 h were 83.7% and 73.0%. An amount of 1.6 mg/mL of bromelain and ficin treatments on caco-2 cells after 24 h revealed a higher decrease than that of other concentrations in the expression of ACE2 protein. Conclusions: In conclusion, bromelain and ficin can dose-dependently decrease the expression of ACE2 protein in caco-2 cells.
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11
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Im ST, Lee SH. Structure Characterization and Antihypertensive Effect of an Antioxidant Peptide Purified from Alcalase Hydrolysate of Velvet Antler. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:184-194. [PMID: 36789190 PMCID: PMC9890357 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in food-derived bioactive peptides as promising ingredients for the prevention and improvement of hypertension is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and antihypertensive effect of an antioxidant peptide purified from velvet antler in a previous study and evaluate its potential as a various bioactive peptide. Molecular weight (MW) and amino acid sequences of the purified peptide were determined by quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of the purified peptide was assessed by enzyme reaction methods and in silico molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction between the purified peptide and ACE. Also, antihypertensive effect of the purified peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was investigated. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified to be a pentapeptide Asp-Asn-Arg-Tyr-Tyr with a MW of 730.31 Da. This pentapeptide showed potent inhibition activity against ACE (IC50 value, 3.72 μM). Molecular docking studies revealed a good and stable binding affinity between purified peptide and ACE and indicated that the purified peptide could interact with HOH2570, ARG522, ARG124, GLU143, HIS387, TRP357, and GLU403 residues of ACE. Furthermore, oral administration of the pentapeptide significantly reduced blood pressure in SHRs. The pentapeptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysate of velvet antler is an excellent ACE inhibitor. It might be effectively applied as an animal-based functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Im
- Department of Medical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea,Corresponding author:
Seung-Hong Lee, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang
University, Asan 31538, Korea, Tel: +82-41-530-4980, Fax:
+82-41-530-3085, E-mail:
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12
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Liu B, Sun L, Zhuang Y. Protective effects of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin hydrolysates on osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Gao Y, Kang Y, Wang T, Li C, Shen S, Qu C, Gong S, Liu P, Yang L, Liu J, Han B, Li C. Alginate microspheres-collagen hydrogel, as a novel 3D culture system, enhanced skin wound healing of hUCMSCs in rats model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112799. [PMID: 36095954 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
While stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising approach to improving wound healing outcomes, the application of stem cells to date has been limited by the poor survival and retention of these cells once transplanted. The survival, development, and migratory activity of transplanted cells can be improved through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Here, a novel alginate microsphere-collage hydrogel (AMS-Col gel) 3D culture system was developed and found to improve human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) survival, permitting their sustained release so as to promote wound healing. Through hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining, the prepared hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel was found to exhibit wound healing activity. On day 7 following the hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel treatment of model wounds, improved collagen fiber deposition and re-epithelialization were evident, with complete epithelial regeneration as of day 14 and near-total wound healing was evident as of day 21. This hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel was also associated with increased VEGF and FGF2 expression. Together, these data indicate that AMS-Col gels are a promising and novel form of 3D cell culture system capable of improving hUCMSC-mediated wound healing, highlighting the potential clinical utility of this regenerative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yating Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Shengbiao Shen
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Chenglei Qu
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Shizhou Gong
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Lintong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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14
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Pei J, Gao X, Pan D, Hua Y, He J, Liu Z, Dang Y. Advances in the stability challenges of bioactive peptides and improvement strategies. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2162-2170. [PMID: 36387592 PMCID: PMC9664347 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their remarkable efficacy, selectivity, and low toxicity. However, commercially produced bioactive peptides lack quality stability between batches. Furthermore, the efficacies of bioactive peptides cannot be guaranteed in vivo due to gastrointestinal digestion and rapid plasma, liver, and kidney metabolism. The problem of poor stability has restricted the development of peptides. Bioactive peptide stability assessments use different stability assays, so the results of different studies are not always comparable. This review summarizes the quality stability challenges in the enzymatic hydrolysis production of bioactive peptides and the metabolism stability challenges after oral administration. Future directions on the strategies for improving their stability are provided. It was proposed that we use fingerprinting as a quality control measure using qualitative and quantitative characteristic functional peptide sequences. The chemical modification and encapsulation of bioactive peptides in microcapsules and liposomes are widely used to improve the digestive and metabolic stability of bioactive peptides. Additionally, the establishment of a universal stability test and a unified index would greatly improve uniformity and comparability in research into bioactive peptides. In summary, the reliable evaluation of stability is an essential component of peptide characterization, and these ideas may facilitate further development and utilization of bioactive peptides. Stability challenges encountered by bioactive peptides were summarized. Strategies to improve the stability of bioactive peptides were provided. A universal stability test and unified index would improve uniformity and comparability in research into bioactive peptides. It was proposed that we use a method of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprinting as a quality control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yali Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author. School of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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15
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Chen H, Chen Y, Zheng H, Xiang X, Xu L. A novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from oyster: Simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, molecular docking, inhibition kinetics and antihypertensive effects in rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981163. [PMID: 36082025 PMCID: PMC9445672 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel peptide, AEYLCEAC with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity was screened from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates, which was obtained from simulated gastro-intestinal digestion. Candidate peptides were confirmed to have a higher binding to angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) than the positive drug phosphoinic tripeptide calculated by Discovery Studio, and AEYLCEAC showed the highest ACE inhibition rate in vitro with a IC50 of 4.287 mM. Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed that the peptidic inhibitory type of ACE is competitive. The molecular docking showed that ACEI activity of the AEYLCEAC was mainly due to the hydrogen bonding interactions with the active pockets (S1 and S2) of ACE. In vivo, AEYLCEAC effectively reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive rats. These results indicate that AEYLCEAC might act as a helpful ingredient in functional foods or pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingwei Xiang,
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Lu Xu,
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16
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Identification, taste properties and molecular docking of novel umami peptides from Butyriboletus roseoflavus. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Novel antioxidant peptides identified in millet bran glutelin-2 hydrolysates: Purification, in silico characterization and security prediction, and stability profiles under different food processing conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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A Novel Antihypertensive Pentapeptide Identified in Quinoa Bran Globulin Hydrolysates: Purification, In Silico Characterization, Molecular Docking with ACE and Stability against Different Food-Processing Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122420. [PMID: 35745149 PMCID: PMC9227351 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of food derived antihypertensive peptides to the diet is considered a reasonable way to prevent and lower blood pressure. However, data about stability of antihypertensive peptides against different food-processing conditions are limited. In this study, through Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and RP-HPLC separation, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and in silico screening, a novel ACE-inhibitory pentapeptide Ser-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro (IC50: 915.03 μmol/L) was identified in quinoa bran globulin hydrolysate. The inhibition patterns on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and safety of SAPPP were studied using molecular docking and in silico predication, respectively. Results demonstrated that SAPPP could noncompetitively bind to active sites PRO519 and SER461 of ACE through short hydrogen bonds. SAPPP was resistant to different pH values (2.0–10.0), pasteurization conditions, addition of Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+ or K+, and the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In contrast, SAPPP was unstable against heating at 100 °C for more than 50 min and the treatment of Zn2+ (5 mmol/L). These results indicated that peptides derived from quinoa globulin hydrolysates can be added into foods for antihypertension.
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19
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Zhao YT, Yin H, Hu C, Zeng J, Zhang S, Chen S, Zheng W, Li M, Jin L, Liu Y, Wu W, Liu S. Tilapia Skin Peptides Ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behavior via Improving Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Neuron Apoptosis, and Neurogenesis in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882175. [PMID: 35719151 PMCID: PMC9201437 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety- and depression-like behavior following chemotherapy treatment occurs in cancer patients with high probability and no specific therapeutics are available for treatment and prevention of this complication. Here, tilapia skin peptides (TSP), a novel enzymatically hydrolyzed bioactive peptide mixture, obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) scraps, were studied on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice. Mice were received intraperitoneal injection of CP for 2 weeks, while TSP was administered for 4 weeks. After the end of the animal experiment, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular tests were carried out. The mice decreased preference for sugar water, increased immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension test, and decreased travel distance in the open field test in the Model group, compared with the Control group. Abnormal changes in behavioral tests were significantly improved after the TSP treatment. Additionally, abnormalities on superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase were rescued by administration of 1000 mg/kg/d TSP in mice than that of the Model group. TSP has normalized the expression of Iba-1 and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus of mice, which indicated that TSP could observably ameliorate neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of mice. TSP ameliorated the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons of CA1 and CA3 regions in the TSP group vs. the Model group. The number of doublecortin positive cells was drastically increased by administering 1000 mg/kg/d TSP in mice vs. the Model group. Furthermore, TSP reversed the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway, and reduced the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, TSP could restore CP-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior via improving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuron apoptosis, and neurogenesis in mice hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tao Zhao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haowen Yin
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chuanyin Hu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - You Liu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- You Liu,
| | - Wenjin Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Wenjin Wu,
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Modern Biochemistry Experimental Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shucheng Liu,
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20
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Two Novel Antihypertensive Peptides Identified in Millet Bran Glutelin-2 Hydrolysates: Purification, In Silico Characterization, Molecular Docking with ACE and Stability in Various Food Processing Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091355. [PMID: 35564079 PMCID: PMC9103660 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of food-derived antihypertensive peptides to the diet is considered a reasonable antihypertension strategy. However, data about the stability of antihypertensive peptides in different food processing conditions are limited. In this study, through Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and RP-HPLC separation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis and in silico screening, two novel ACE-inhibitory peptides, Pro-Leu-Leu-Lys (IC50: 549.87 μmol/L) and Pro-Pro-Met-Trp-Pro-Phe-Val (IC50: 364.62 μmol/L), were identified in millet bran glutelin-2 hydrolysates. The inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and the potential safety of PLLK and PPMWPFV were studied using molecular docking and in silico prediction, respectively. The results demonstrated that PLLK and PPMWPFV could non-competitively bind to one and seven binding sites of ACE through short hydrogen bonds, respectively. Both PLLK and PPMWPFV were resistant to different pH values (2.0–10.0), pasteurization conditions, addition of Na+, Mg2+ or K+ and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. However, PLLK and PPMWPFV were unstable upon heat treatment at 100 °C for more than 20 min or treatment with Fe3+ or Zn2+. In fact, treatment with Fe3+ or Zn2+ induced the formation of PLLK–iron or PLLK–zinc chelates and reduced the ACE-inhibitory activity of PLLK. These results indicate that peptides derived from millet bran could be added to foods as antihypertension agents.
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21
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He J, Guo H, Zhang M, Wang M, Sun L, Zhuang Y. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Calcium-Binding Heptapeptide from the Hydrolysate of Tilapia Bone with Its Osteogenic Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030468. [PMID: 35159617 PMCID: PMC8834476 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a calcium-binding peptide was obtained by hydrolyzing tilapia bone and its osteogenic activity was evaluated. Animal protease was selected from nine enzymes, and its hydrolysate was purified through preparative and semi-preparative reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified peptide was identified as DGPSGPK (656.32 Da) and its calcium-binding capacity reached 111.98 µg/mg. The peptide calcium chelate (DGPSGPK-Ca) was obtained, and its structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mass spectrometry (MS). The results of XRD and SEM showed that DGPSGPK-Ca was formed as a new compound. The carboxyl and amino groups of Lys and Asp residues may be the chelating sites of DGPSGPK according to the FTIR and MS results. The molecular simulation showed the carbonyl groups of Asp, Pro, Ser, and Lys residues involved in the binding of calcium. The interaction of DGPSGPK and different integrins was evaluated by molecular docking simulation, and the main forces involved were electrostatic interaction forces, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, DGPSGPK could inhibit the differentiation of osteoclast and promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts.
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22
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Vidal-Limon A, Aguilar-Toalá JE, Liceaga AM. Integration of Molecular Docking Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Studying Food Proteins and Bioactive Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:934-943. [PMID: 34990125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In silico tools, such as molecular docking, are widely applied to study interactions and binding affinity of biological activity of proteins and peptides. However, restricted sampling of both ligand and receptor conformations and use of approximated scoring functions can produce results that do not correlate with actual experimental binding affinities. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) can provide valuable information in deciphering functional mechanisms of proteins/peptides and other biomolecules, overcoming the rigid sampling limitations in docking analysis. This review will discuss the information related to the traditional use of in silico models, such as molecular docking, and its application for studying food proteins and bioactive peptides, followed by an in-depth introduction to the theory of MDS and description of why these molecular simulation techniques are important in the theoretical prediction of structural and functional dynamics of food proteins and bioactive peptides. Applications, limitations, and future prospects of MDS will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Vidal-Limon
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico
| | - José E Aguilar-Toalá
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Avenida de las Garzas 10, Colonia El Panteón, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México 52005, Mexico
| | - Andrea M Liceaga
- Protein Chemistry and Bioactive Peptides Laboratory. Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Wenhui T, Shumin H, Yongliang Z, Liping S, Hua Y. Identification of in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from draft beer by virtual screening and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1085-1094. [PMID: 34309842 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and diabetes are two kinds of senile diseases which often occur simultaneously. The commonly used drugs in clinic may produce certain side effects. Food-derived polypeptide is a kind of polypeptide with great development potential, which has many functions of regulating human physiological function. Beer is rich in nutrition but there are few researches on bioactive peptides in beer. RESULTS In this study, a rapid virtual screening method was established to obtain bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer. The peptide sequence was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS2 ), and 50 peptides were identified. Eight peptides with potential biological activities were screened by using Peptide Ranker software and previous literature references. On the basis of absorption prediction, toxicity prediction, and molecular docking analysis, LNFDPNR and LPQQQAQFK were finally confirmed. The molecular docking results showed that two peptides could bind angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) tightly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The in vitro activity evaluation results showed that two peptides had obvious ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION This study established a method for rapidly screening bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer, screened two ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in beer and analyzed their active action mechanism. This article may have great theoretical significance and practical value to further explore the health function of beer. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wenhui
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd. Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hu Shumin
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd. Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuang Yongliang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Sun Liping
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd. Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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Anti-Colon Cancer Activity of Novel Peptides Isolated from In Vitro Digestion of Quinoa Protein in Caco-2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020194. [PMID: 35053925 PMCID: PMC8774364 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa peptides are the bioactive components obtained from quinoa protein digestion, which have been proved to possess various biological activities. However, there are few studies on the anticancer activity of quinoa peptides, and the mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, the novel quinoa peptides were obtained from quinoa protein hydrolysate and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The anticancer activity of these peptides was predicted by PeptideRanker and evaluated using an antiproliferative assay in colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Combined with the result of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitory activity assay, the highly anticancer activity peptides FHPFPR, NWFPLPR, and HYNPYFPG were screened and further investigated. Molecular docking was used to analyze the binding site between peptides and HDAC1, and results showed that three peptides were bound in the active pocket of HDAC1. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot showed that the expression of HDAC1, NFκB, IL-6, IL-8, Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, whereas caspase3 expression showed a remarkable evaluation. In conclusion, quinoa peptides may have the potential to protect against cancer development by inhibiting HDAC1 activity and regulating the expression of the cancer-related genes, which indicates that these peptides could be explored as functional foods to alleviate colon cancer.
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25
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Wu Q, Luo F, Wang XL, Lin Q, Liu GQ. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide: an emerging candidate for vascular dysfunction therapy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:736-755. [PMID: 34634988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1948816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal vasoconstriction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling can be promoted by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), leading to vascular dysfunction diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Researchers have recently focused on angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs), that have desirable efficacy in vascular dysfunction therapy due to Ang II reduction by inhibiting ACE activity. Promising methods for the large-scale preparation of ACEIPs include selective enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Thus far, ACEIPs have been widely reported to be hydrolyzed from protein-rich sources, including animals, plants, and marine organisms, while many emerging microorganism-derived ACEIPs are theoretically biosynthesized through the nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) pathway. Notably, vasodilatation, anti-inflammation, and vascular reconstruction reversal of ACEIPs are strongly correlated. However, the related molecular mechanisms underlying signal transduction regulation in vivo remain unclear. We provide a comprehensive update of the ACE-Ang II-G protein-coupled type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) axis signaling and its functional significance for potential translation into therapeutic strategies, particularly targeting AT1R by ACEIPs, as well as specific related signaling pathways. Future studies are expected to verify the biosynthetic regulatory mechanism of ACEIPs via the NRPS pathway, the effect of gut microbiota metabolism on vascular dysfunction and rigorous studies of ACE-Ang II-AT1R signaling pathways mediated by ACEIPs in large animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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26
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Recent developments in valorisation of bioactive ingredients in discard/seafood processing by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Sun X, Ruan S, Zhuang Y, Sun L. Anti-osteoporosis effect and purification of peptides with high calcium-binding capacity from walnut protein hydrolysates. Food Funct 2021; 12:8454-8466. [PMID: 34190289 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The walnut protein hydrolysate (WPH) was prepared via simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), amino acid composition, and relative molecular weight distribution of WPH were analyzed. The results showed that the DH of WPH was 11.6%, WPH was rich in Glu and Pro, and the relative average molecular weight of 572 Da accounted for 59.78%. The effects of WPH on osteoporosis were evaluated using a model of retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis rat. Treatment with WPH effectively increased the serum calcium and phosphorus contents, alleviated calcium loss, and reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphate and alkaline phosphatase activities and bone gla protein content. WPH treatment significantly improved the biomechanical properties of the bone and increased the value of bone mineral density. In addition, WPH treatment improved the bone microstructure. WPH was isolated and purified by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A fraction with high calcium-binding activity was obtained and 15 peptides were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Shiyan Ruan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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28
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Bio/multi-functional peptides derived from fish gelatin hydrolysates: Technological and functional properties. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Li X, Gu W, Chen B, Zhu Z, Zhang B. Functional modification of HHCB: Strategy for obtaining environmentally friendly derivatives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126116. [PMID: 34492911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide (HHCB), one of the most widely used synthetic musks in personal care products (PCPs), has been recognized as an emerging contaminant with potential human health concerns. To overcome such adverse effects, a systematic molecular design, screening and performance evaluation approach was developed to generate functionally improved and environmentally friendly HHCB derivatives. Among the 90 designed HHCB derivatives, 15 were screened with improved functional properties (i.e., odor stability and intensity) and less environmental impacts (i.e., lower bio-toxicity, bio-accumulation ability, and mobility) using 3D-QSAR models and density functional theory methods. Their human health risks were then assessed by toxicokinetic analysis, which narrowed the candidates to four. Derivative 7, the designed molecule with the least dermal adsorption potential, was evaluated for its interaction with other PCPs additives (i.e., anti-photosensitivity materials and moisturizer) and such impacts on human health risks using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The environmental fate of Derivative 7 after transformation (i.e., photodegradation, biotransformation, and chlorination) was also discussed. Biotransformation and chlorination were recognized as optimum options for Derivative 7 mitigation. This study provided the theoretical basis for the design of functionally improved and environmentally friendly HHCB alternatives and advanced the understanding of their environmental behaviors and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Wenwen Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5.
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30
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Thakur S, Chhimwal J, Joshi R, Kumari M, Padwad Y, Kumar R. Evaluating Peptides of Picrorhiza kurroa and Their Inhibitory Potential against ACE, DPP-IV, and Oxidative Stress. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3798-3813. [PMID: 34254800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. is a high-altitude plant having great medicinal value. However, its medicinal value at the peptide level is still unknown, which limits its utility in the development of peptide-based therapeutics. Here, we identify 65 peptides fromP. kurroa hydrolysate. Sequence analysis suggests that one novel bioactive peptide, ASGLCPEEAVPRR (BP1), has antioxidant potential and shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. The molecular docking study showed that BP1 has a lower binding energy and strong affinity toward active pockets of ACE and DPP-IV, which explains its higher ACE [IC50 = 59.90 ± 9.52 μg/mL (43.40 μM)] and DPP-IV [IC50 = 3.04 ± 0.26 μg/mL (2.2 μM)] inhibitory activities. BP1 protects HEK293 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation and activating the intrinsic antioxidant defense system. Additionally, phase-contrast microscopy studies revealed that pre-treatment of BP1 to HEK293 cells before exposure to H2O2 retains the normal morphology and blocks apoptosis. Furthermore, it also suppresses ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and inhibiting caspase 3/7 activity. Therefore, BP1 has antioxidant potential and ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities that could be used for peptide-based formulation(s) in pharmaceuticals to treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases associated with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manglesh Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Zheng Y, Shi P, Li Y, Zhuang Y, Linzhang Y, Liu L, Wang W. A novel ACE-inhibitory hexapeptide from camellia glutelin-2 hydrolysates: Identification, characterization and stability profiles under different food processing conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Ding Q, Sheikh AR, Chen Q, Hu Y, Sun N, Su X, Luo L, Ma H, He R. Understanding the Mechanism for the Structure-Activity Relationship of Food-Derived ACEI Peptides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1936005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ding
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Arooj Rehman Sheikh
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yize Hu
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nianzhen Sun
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ronghai He
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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33
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Xue H, Han J, He B, Yi M, Liu X, Song H, Li J. Bioactive peptide release and the absorption tracking of casein in the gastrointestinal digestion of rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5157-5170. [PMID: 33977978 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine casein is considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides (BAPs), which can also be produced via in vitro simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis. To perform their physiological functions, some active peptides need to pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier and keep their structural integrity after oral administration. Owing to the complexity of in vivo digestion and absorption, there have been few studies in this area. In this study, casein was labeled with FITC to trace its digestion and absorption in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gastric juice, intestinal fluid, blood, and intestinal tissue samples were collected at different time-points for preservation and analysis after intragastric administration. The results showed that CN-FITC exhibited good labeling stability in the gastrointestinal digestive juice both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting its potential to be used for the detection and tracking of casein hydrolysate. After the intra-gastric administration of FITC, the diffusion rates of fluorescent substances in serum were much higher than in the CN-FITC group. The maximum peptide content in the CN-FITC group during intestinal digestion was achieved 2 h after administration, and electrophoretic analysis of the hydrolysate composition suggested that the molecular weights of the peptides were mainly concentrated in the range of 3.4-10 kDa. The hydrolyzed peptides from CN-FITC could be absorbed into the blood just 1 h after administration. Frozen sections of rat duodenal tissue were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and they showed that the CN-FITC digested products were absorbed from villi to mucosa in the rat intestines, and the casein-hydrolyzed polypeptides were accumulated significantly in tissue samples 2 h after administration. The peptides were mainly absorbed in the duodenum on the basis of absorption experiments using an everted gut sac. After intestinal digestion for 2 h, peptides with weights less than 5 kDa were enriched and identified using LC-MS-MS, and they were found to be mainly derived from β-casein, containing potential angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, and morphine-like peptides. The peptides from casein hydrolysate were tracked entering the blood through the intestinal epithelial barrier in the form of complete fragments, and they might exert potential physiological activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Baoyuan He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R.China.
| | - Meixia Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxin Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
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34
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35
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Chen R, Miao Y, Hao X, Gao B, Ma M, Zhang JZ, Wang R, Li S, He X, Zhang L. Investigation on the characteristics and mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptides by a thorough analysis of all 8000 tripeptides via binding free energy calculation. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2943-2953. [PMID: 34136162 PMCID: PMC8194939 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-derived angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides represent a potential source of new antihypertensive. However, their characteristics and binding mechanisms were not well understood. In this study, novel energy calculation and experimentation were combined to elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of ACE inhibitory tripeptides. ACE inhibitory activity of all 8,000 tripeptides was investigated by in silico experiments. IC50 values of the five top-rated tripeptides ranged from 5.86 to 21.84 μM. Five hundred top-ranked tripeptides were chosen for detailed structure-activity analysis, and a significant preference for aromatic amino acids at both C- and N-terminus was found. By binding free energy analysis of nine representative tripeptides via MM/GBSA, electrostatic energy was found to be the leading energy that contributed to the binding of ACE with its high affinity tripeptides. Besides, S355, V380, and V518, three residues positioned around the classical binding pockets of ACE, also played a key role in ACE's binding. Therefore, for tripeptides, their binding pockets in ACE were redefined. In conclusion, the characteristics of ACE inhibitory peptides were more deeply illustrated by the thorough analysis of all tripeptides. The energy analysis allows a better understanding of the binding mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptides, which could be used to redesign the ACE inhibitors for stronger inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of BiotechnologyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yulu Miao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Hao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringSchool of BiotechnologyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - John Z.H. Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- NYU‐ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU ShanghaiShanghaiChina
- Department of ChemistryNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- NYU‐ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug DevelopmentSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- NYU‐ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU ShanghaiShanghaiChina
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36
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Yang G, Qin S, Li W. Purification and characterization of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide derived from Alaska pollack skins. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2457-2467. [PMID: 34056723 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysates containing angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide were prepared from protein of Alaska pollack skins using alcalase and trypsin. The protein hydrolysate was separated by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), from which a novel purified peptide was obtained. Both random coil structure and β-sheet in the purified peptide were revealed in Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The amino sequence of the purified peptide was identified as GPLGVP, VLYPVK, VFLENVLR, and FEEF by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS (HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry). The peptide GPLGVP whose molecular weight was 538.31 Da showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 105.8 µM). The purified peptide featured a noncompetitive inhibition kinetic mechanism was shown in the Lineweaver-Burk plots and was susceptible to enzymes as indicated in the studies on stability of gastrointestinal proteases. Moreover, the peptide GPLGVP can combine ACE catalytic pocket through hydrogen bonds and other forces with high binding power as disclosed in molecular docking simulation, which provides the inhibitory effect of GPLGVP on ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
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37
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Identification, Characterization and Antihypertensive Effect In Vivo of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Heptapeptide from Defatted Areca Nut Kernel Globulin Hydrolysates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113308. [PMID: 34072901 PMCID: PMC8199471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The areca (Areca catechu L.) nut kernel (ANK) is a good potential protein source for its high protein content of 9.89-14.62 g/100 g and a high yield of around 300,000 tons per year in China. However, utilization of the areca nut kernel is limited. To expand the usage of ANK in pharmaceutical or foods industries, areca nut kernel globulin was extracted and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition peptides were prepared and identified using gel chromatography, reversed phase HPLC separation, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and in silico screening. Finally, a novel ACE-inhibitory heptapeptide (Ala-Pro-Lys-Ile-Glu-Glu-Val) was identified and chemically synthesized. The combination pattern between APKIEEV and ACE, and the inhibition kinetics, antihypertensive effect and endothlein-1 inhibition activity of APKIEEV were studied. The results of the molecular docking demonstrated that APKIEEV could bind to four active sites (not the key active sites) of ACE via short hydrogen bonds and demonstrated high ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50: 550.41 μmol/L). Moreover, APKIEEV exhibited a significantly lowering effect on both the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats, and had considerable suppression ability on intracellular endothelin-1. These results highlight the potential usage of APKIEEV as ingredients of antihypertensive drugs or functional foods.
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38
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Jiang Q, Chen Q, Zhang T, Liu M, Duan S, Sun X. The Antihypertensive Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Microalgal Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Like Peptides: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084068. [PMID: 33920763 PMCID: PMC8071128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes many deaths worldwide and has shown an increasing trend as a severe non-communicable disease. Conventional antihypertensive drugs inevitably cause side effects, and great efforts have been made to exploit healthier and more-available substitutes. Microalgae have shown great potential in this regard and have been applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Some compounds in microalgae have been proven to have antihypertensive effects. Among these natural compounds, peptides from microalgae are promising angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors because an increasing number of peptides show hypertensive effects and ACE inhibitory-like activity. In addition to acting as ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, these peptides have other probiotic properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, that are important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Numerous studies have revealed the important bioactivities of ACE inhibitors and their mechanisms. This review discusses the antihypertensive effects, structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, interaction mechanisms, and other probiotic properties of microalgal ACE inhibitory peptides according to the current research related to microalgae as potential antihypertensive drugs. Possible research directions are proposed. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of microalgal antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
- Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Xian Sun
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(75)-67626350
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Li J, Su J, Chen M, Chen J, Ding W, Li Y, Yin H. Two novel potent ACEI peptides isolated from Pinctada fucata meat hydrolysates using in silico analysis: identification, screening and inhibitory mechanisms. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12172-12182. [PMID: 35423777 PMCID: PMC8696521 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discover potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from Pinctada fucata (P. fucata) for treating hypertension and to characterize them using in silico analysis. The P. fucata proteins were hydrolyzed by Alcalase®, a serine endopeptidase with broad selectivity, at various times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACEI activity of the different hydrolysates were measured. Considering the molecular weight and ACEI activity, the 10 h hydrolysate was purified by a series of traditional separation methods, including ultrafiltration, gel G-25 chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with ACEI activity as a guide. The results showed two fractions, C17 and C18, eluted by means of semi-preparative RP-HPLC, and showed the highest ACEI activities of 80.33 ± 2.70% and 81.66 ± 0.29%, respectively, at 1 mg mL-1. The two fractions were then identified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and their MS/MS spectra data were subjected to de novo sequencing. Subsequently, the potential ACEI peptides were screened by in silico methods, namely, to analyze the average local confidence (ALC) value obtained from the sequencing software and the P-value from the Pepsite 2. In total, 13 potential ACEI peptide sequences were obtained and identified from the two fractions by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and two novel tetrapeptides, FRVW (607.3314 Da) and LPYY (555.2881 Da), were screened for synthesis according to the in silico analysis. The in vitro ACEI tests indicated that FRVW and LPYY had IC50 values of 18.34 and 116.26 μM, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that FRVW was a noncompetitive inhibitor, and LPYY was shown to be a mixed-mode type inhibitor. A stability study against ACE indicated that both peptides were hydrolyzed by ACE to some extent, the higher ACEI activity following incubation with ACE indicating that they should be classified as pro-drug substrates. Molecular docking results showed that hydrophobic amino acids (HAAs) within peptides formed vital interactions including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces and Pi-Pi interactions with ACE residues, which stabilized the enzyme-peptide complex. Furthermore, the docking results accorded with the inhibition kinetic mode. Our study demonstrated that FRVW and LPYY isolated from P. fucata have potential applications as antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jilei Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028 China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028 China
| | - Wenping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanqun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
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Cosmetic, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Fish Gelatin/Hydrolysates. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030145. [PMID: 33800149 PMCID: PMC8000627 DOI: 10.3390/md19030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several reviews that separately cover different aspects of fish gelatin including its preparation, characteristics, modifications, and applications. Its packaging application in food industry is extensively covered but other applications are not covered or covered alongside with those of collagen. This review is comprehensive, specific to fish gelatin/hydrolysate and cites recent research. It covers cosmetic applications, intrinsic activities, and biomedical applications in wound dressing and wound healing, gene therapy, tissue engineering, implants, and bone substitutes. It also covers its pharmaceutical applications including manufacturing of capsules, coating of microparticles/oils, coating of tablets, stabilization of emulsions and drug delivery (microspheres, nanospheres, scaffolds, microneedles, and hydrogels). The main outcomes are that fish gelatin is immunologically safe, protects from the possibility of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and foot and mouth diseases, has an economic and environmental benefits, and may be suitable for those that practice religious-based food restrictions, i.e., people of Muslim, Jewish and Hindu faiths. It has unique rheological properties, making it more suitable for certain applications than mammalian gelatins. It can be easily modified to enhance its mechanical properties. However, extensive research is still needed to characterize gelatin hydrolysates, elucidate the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR), and formulate them into dosage forms. Additionally, expansion into cosmetic applications and drug delivery is needed.
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Huang Y, Jia F, Zhao J, Hou Y, Hu SQ. Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Yeast Hydrolysates: Screening, Inhibition Mechanisms and Effects on HUVECs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2412-2421. [PMID: 33593053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive activity of yeast hydrolysate (YH) was confirmed in our previous study. However, the critical peptides in YH and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in YH and illustrate their molecular and cellular mechanisms. The potential of YH-derived peptides was evaluated by in silico methods, followed by in vitro verification. A new competitive ACE inhibitory peptide, VIPVPFF (V7), with an IC50 value of 10.27 μM, was screened. YH and V7 increased the nitric oxide (NO) levels, upregulated GUCY1A1 gene expression (approximately 15-fold), and functioned in several hypertension-related pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study revealed the antihypertensive mechanisms of YH and V7, laying down a theoretical basis for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Huang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Song-Qing Hu
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
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Guo H, Hao Y, Richel A, Everaert N, Chen Y, Liu M, Yang X, Ren G. Antihypertensive effect of quinoa protein under simulated gastrointestinal digestion and peptide characterization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5569-5576. [PMID: 32608025 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa protein is a potential source of bioactive peptides. Although some studies have demonstrated its angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties, research into its in vivo effect on blood-pressure regulation and peptide characterization remains limited. RESULTS Quinoa protein hydrolyzate (QPH) was prepared by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. QPH lowered the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs) from 2 h to10 h after oral administration, effectively controlling blood pressure in these SHRs. An in vitro study showed that QPH is capable of inhibiting ACE activity. This was attributed to the activity of a number of low-molecular-weight peptides. With relatively high scores predicted by PeptideRanker, three promising bioactive peptides, FHPFPR, NWFPLPR, and NIFRPF, were further studied and their ACE-inhibition effects were confirmed with IC50 values of 34.92, 16.77, and 32.40 μM, respectively. A molecular docking study provided insights into the binding of ACE with peptides, and revealed that the presence of specific amino acids in the peptide sequence (Pro, Phe, and Arg at the C-terminal, and Asn at the N-terminal) could contribute to the interaction between ACE and peptides. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the potential of QPH for the management of hypertension, which indicates that it could be a good candidate for inclusion in functional foods to control high blood pressure. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aurore Richel
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yinhuan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Citrullyl-Hydroxyprolyl-Proline (ChPP): An Artificially Synthesized Tripeptide as Potent ACE Inhibitor. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Yu Z, Wu S, Zhao W, Mi G, Ding L, Li J, Liu J. Identification of novel angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from collagen hydrolysates and its molecular inhibitory mechanism. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Sijia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Geng Mi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
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45
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Zhuang Y, Li Y, Shi P, Tian H, Li X, Chen X. Isolation of novel ACE-inhibitory peptide from naked oat globulin hydrolysates in silico approach: Molecular docking, in vivo antihypertension and effects on renin and intracellular endothelin-1. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1328-1337. [PMID: 32220144 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Naked oat globulin was hydrolyzed by alcalase, flavourzyme, pepsin, and trypsin in sequence. The hydrolysates (NOGH) were purified using gel chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Finally, fraction D7d with the highest ACE-inhibitory was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and 14 peptides were identified. Of which, peptide SSYYPFK (890.4 Da) was chose to synthesize based on in silico analysis. The SSYYPFK demonstrated high ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50 : 91.82 µM) with competitive inhibition mode, and could effectively (P < 0.05) lower the systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the concentration of 100 to 150 mg/kg body weight. Molecular docking simulation demonstrated that SSYYPFK could bind with the active site S1 of ACE via short hydrogen bonds. It could remain the ACE-inhibitory activity after simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis. Moreover, SSYYPFK showed acceptable renin and endothelin-1 suppressing capacity (47.59% and 27.88% at 1.5 mg/mL, respectively). These results indicated that SSYYPFK may have similar antihypertensive mechanism with captopril, and could be develop to natural antihypertensive products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: One novel ACE-inhibitory peptide SSYYPFK (890.4 Da) was identified from naked oat globulin hydrolysates. It exhibited relatively high renin and intracellular endothelin-1 suppressing capacity, and could effectively (P < 0.05) lower the systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. This peptide could be used as natural and safe nutraceuticals and/or functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Panqi Shi
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Food Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
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46
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Dara PK, Elavarasan K, Shamasundar BA. Improved Utilization of Croaker Skin Waste and Freshwater Carps Visceral Waste: Conversion of Waste to Health Benefitting Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, San S. Efficacy of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Peptide from Sargassum Maclurei in Hypertension and Reduction of Intracellular Endothelin-1. Nutrients 2020; 12:E653. [PMID: 32121212 PMCID: PMC7146574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum maclurei is a potential protein resource because of its high protein content and relatively balanced amino acid composition. To promote its usage in food, medical, or other industries, S. maclurei protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin and papain to obtain bioactive peptides. The S. maclurei protein hydrolysates (SMPHs) were purified using gel chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and 12 major fractions were obtained. The fraction D11 with the highest angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (61.59%, at 1 mg/ mL) was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and about 17 peptides were identified, of which the RWDISQPY (1063.5 Da) was chosen to be synthesized based on in silico analysis. The RWDISQPY demonstrated high ACE inhibition ability (IC50: 72.24 μM) with competitive inhibition mode, and could effectively (p < 0.05) lower the systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight. The results of the molecular docking simulation demonstrated that RWDISQPY could bind with the active sites S1 and S2 of ACE via short hydrogen bonds. Moreover, RWDISQPY showed acceptable endothelin-1 suppressing capacity (26.21% at 1.5 mg/mL). These results indicate that S. maclurei could be developed into functional foods such as antihypertensive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Food Science Institute of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Tropical Agriculture Academic, Haikou 570100, China;
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
| | - Sang San
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
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Chamata Y, Watson KA, Jauregi P. Whey-Derived Peptides Interactions with ACE by Molecular Docking as a Potential Predictive Tool of Natural ACE Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E864. [PMID: 32013233 PMCID: PMC7036835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several milk/whey derived peptides possess high in vitro angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. However, in some cases, poor correlation between the in vitro ACE inhibitory activity and the in vivo antihypertensive activity has been observed. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the structure-activity relationship of peptide sequences present in whey/milk protein hydrolysates with high ACE inhibitory activity, which could lead to a better understanding and prediction of their in vivo antihypertensive activity. The potential interactions between peptides produced from whey proteins, previously reported as high ACE inhibitors such as IPP, LIVTQ, IIAE, LVYPFP, and human ACE were assessed using a molecular docking approach. The results show that peptides IIAE, LIVTQ, and LVYPFP formed strong H bonds with the amino acids Gln 259, His 331, and Thr 358 in the active site of the human ACE. Interestingly, the same residues were found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the ACE inhibitory drug Sampatrilat. Furthermore, peptides IIAE and LVYPFP interacted with the amino acid residues Gln 259 and His 331, respectively, also in common with other ACE-inhibitory drugs such as Captopril, Lisinopril and Elanapril. Additionally, IIAE interacted with the amino acid residue Asp 140 in common with Lisinopril, and LIVTQ interacted with Ala 332 in common with both Lisinopril and Elanapril. The peptides produced naturally from whey by enzymatic hydrolysis interacted with residues of the human ACE in common with potent ACE-inhibitory drugs which suggests that these natural peptides may be potent ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Chamata
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Kimberly A. Watson
- Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Paula Jauregi
- Harry Nursten Building, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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Caballero J. Considerations for Docking of Selective Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020295. [PMID: 31940798 PMCID: PMC7024173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a two-domain dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase, which has a direct involvement in the control of blood pressure by performing the hydrolysis of angiotensin I to produce angiotensin II. At the same time, ACE hydrolyzes other substrates such as the vasodilator peptide bradykinin and the anti-inflammatory peptide N-acetyl-SDKP. In this sense, ACE inhibitors are bioactive substances with potential use as medicinal products for treatment or prevention of hypertension, heart failures, myocardial infarction, and other important diseases. This review examined the most recent literature reporting ACE inhibitors with the help of molecular modeling. The examples exposed here demonstrate that molecular modeling methods, including docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), etc, are essential for a complete structural picture of the mode of action of ACE inhibitors, where molecular docking has a key role. Examples show that too many works identified ACE inhibitory activities of natural peptides and peptides obtained from hydrolysates. In addition, other works report non-peptide compounds extracted from natural sources and synthetic compounds. In all these cases, molecular docking was used to provide explanation of the chemical interactions between inhibitors and the ACE binding sites. For docking applications, most of the examples exposed here do not consider that: (i) ACE has two domains (nACE and cACE) with available X-ray structures, which are relevant for the design of selective inhibitors, and (ii) nACE and cACE binding sites have large dimensions, which leads to non-reliable solutions during docking calculations. In support of the solution of these problems, the structural information found in Protein Data Bank (PDB) was used to perform an interaction fingerprints (IFPs) analysis applied on both nACE and cACE domains. This analysis provides plots that identify the chemical interactions between ligands and both ACE binding sites, which can be used to guide docking experiments in the search of selective natural components or novel drugs. In addition, the use of hydrogen bond constraints in the S2 and S2′ subsites of nACE and cACE are suggested to guarantee that docking solutions are reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca 3460000, Chile
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50
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Bingtong L, Yongliang Z, Liping S. Identification and characterization of the peptides with calcium-binding capacity from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates. J Food Sci 2019; 85:114-122. [PMID: 31869867 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the peptides with calcium-binding capacity from the different tilapia skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates. The complex protease was selected and its hydrolysates were further separated using gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-25) and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two purified peptides with strong calcium-binding capacity were identified as Tyr-Gly-Thr-Gly-Leu (YGTGL, 509.25 Da) and Leu-Val-Phe-Leu (LVFL, 490.32 Da). The calcium-binding capacities of YGTGL and LVFL reached 76.03 and 79.50 µg/mg, respectively. The structures of the complex of purified peptides and calcium (YGTGL-Ca and LVFL-Ca) were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of UV-VIS, SEM, and XRD indicated that YGTGL-Ca and LVFL-Ca were formed as new compounds. The results of FTIR and LC-MS/MS indicated the nitrogen atom of the amino group and the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group in terminates of the peptides provided primary binding sites. Moreover, the hydrophobic amino acids in purified peptides could provide more chelating spaces. This study was of great significance for the development of calcium supplement foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Compared with inorganic calcium and organic calcium, the bioactive gelatin peptide chelated calcium has the characteristics of high utilization rate, high solubility, and high absorption rate. The raw materials are extracted from the tilapia processed waste, which reduce the cost, make full use of resources, and improve the bioavailability. The tilapia skin gelatin peptide calcium chelate can be directly absorbed by the human body, and the absorption efficiency is high, further improving the resource utilization rate and having high economic benefits, which is a comprehensive supplement that can also be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Bingtong
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Zhuang Yongliang
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Sun Liping
- Yunnan Inst. of Food Safety, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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