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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Paboeuf G, Chonchon L, Barouh N, Vié V, Bourlieu C. Interfacial adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 onto heterogeneous plant lipid model membranes. Biochimie 2023; 215:12-23. [PMID: 37062468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase related-protein 2 (PLRP2) exhibits remarkable galactolipase and phospholipase A1 activities, which depend greatly on the supramolecular organization of the substrates and the presence of surfactant molecules such as bile salts. The objective of the study was to understand the modulation of the adsorption mechanisms and enzymatic activity of Guinea pig PLRP2 (gPLRP2), by the physical environment of the enzyme and the physical state of its substrate. Langmuir monolayers were used to reproduce homogeneous and heterogeneous photosynthetic model membranes containing galactolipids (GL), and/or phospholipids (PL), and/or phytosterols (pS), presenting uncharged or charged interfaces. The same lipid mixtures were also used to form micrometric liposomes, and their gPLRP2 catalyzed digestion kinetics were investigated in presence or in absence of bile salts (NaTDC) during static in vitro, so called "bulk", digestion. The enzymatic activity of gPLRP2 onto the galactolipid-based monolayers was characterized with an optimum activity at 15 mN/m, in the absence of bile salts. gPLRP2 showed enhanced adsorption onto biomimetic model monolayer containing negatively charged lipids. However, the compositional complexity in the heterogeneous uncharged model systems induced a lag phase before the initiation of lipolysis. In bulk, no enzymatic activity could be demonstrated on GL-based liposomes in the absence of bile salts, probably due to the high lateral pressure of the lipid bilayers. In the presence of NaTDC (4 mM), however, gPLRP2 showed both high galactolipase and moderate phospholipase A1 activities on liposomes, probably due to a decrease in packing and lateral pressure upon NaTDC adsorption, and subsequent disruption of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; INRAE/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, F34398, Montpellier, France; Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France.
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Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112472. [PMID: 36869485 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are abundant organelles in a diverse range of plant materials; they are predominantly composed of multicomponent thylakoid membranes which are lipid and protein rich. Intact or unravelled thylakoid membranes should, in principle, have interfacial activity, but little has been published on their activity in oil-in-water systems, and nothing on their performance on an oil continuous system. In this work different physical methods were used to produce a range of chloroplast/thylakoid suspensions with varying degrees of membrane integrity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that pressure homogenisation led to the greatest extent of membrane and organelle disruption compared to less energy intensive preparation methods The ability of the derived materials to modulate the flow behaviour of a chocolate model system (65% (w/w) sugar/ sunflower oil (natural amphiphiles removed) suspension) was investigated by acquiring rheological parameters. All chloroplast/thylakoid preparations reduced yield stress, apparent viscosity, tangent flow point and cross over point in a concentration-dependent fashion, although not as significantly as polyglycerol polyricinoleate applied at a commercially relevant concentration in the same chocolate model system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed presence of the alternative flow enhancer material at the sugar surfaces. This research reveals that low-energy processing methods that do not extensively disrupt thylakoid membranes are applicable to generating materials with marked capacity to affect the flow behaviour of a chocolate model system. In conclusion, chloroplast/thylakoid materials hold strong potential as natural alternatives to synthetic rheology modifiers for lipid-based systems such as PGPR.
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Feng W, Qin C, Abdelrazig S, Bai Z, Raji M, Darwish R, Chu Y, Ji L, Gray DA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121947. [PMID: 35753538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in composition, which could lead to differences in promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs. Therefore, the differences in composition of sesame, sunflower, peanut, soybean, olive and coconut oils and their corresponding role as vehicles in promoting CBD lymphatic targeting and bioavailability were investigated in this study. The comparative analysis suggests that the fatty acids profile of vegetable oils is overall similar to the fatty acids profile in the corresponding chylomicrons in rat lymph. However, arachidonic acid (C20:4), was introduced to chylomicrons from endogenous nondietary sources. Overall, fatty acid composition of natural vegetable oils vehicles affected the intestinal lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD following oral administration in this work. Olive oil led to the highest concentration of CBD in the lymphatic system and in the systemic circulation in comparison to the other natural vegetable oils following oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ziyu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mekha Raji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Randa Darwish
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical supplies and maintenance office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Wattanakul J, Syamila M, Darwish R, Gedi MA, Sutcharit P, Chi C, Akepach P, Sahaka M, Gontero B, Carrière F, Gray DA. Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion. Food Funct 2022; 13:5365-5380. [PMID: 35470837 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro gastrointestinal human digestion model, with and without additional rapeseed oil, was used to measure the bioaccessibility of the major lipophilic nutrients enriched in chloroplasts: β-carotene; lutein; α-tocopherol; and α-linolenic acid. Chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) material for this work was prepared from post-harvest pea vine field residue (pea vine haulm, or PVH), an abundant source of freely available, underutilised green biomass. PVH was either steam sterilised (100 °C for 4 min) and then juiced (heat-treated PVH, or HPVH), or was juiced fresh and the juice heated (90 °C for 3 min) (heat-treated juice, or HJ); the CRF from all biomass treatments was recovered from the juice by centrifugation. The impact of postharvest heat treatment of the biomass (HPVH), or of heat treatment of the juice (HJ) derived from the biomass, on the retention and bioaccessibility of the target nutrients was determined. The results showed that both heat treatments increased the apparent retention of β-carotene, lutein, α-tocopherol, and α-linolenic acid in the CRF material during digestion. The presence of edible oil during digestion did not dramatically affect the retention of these nutrients, but it did increase the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, lutein, and α-tocopherol from CRF material derived from heated biomass or juice. The presence of oil also increased the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, but not of lutein, α-tocopherol, or α-linolenic acid, from fresh CRF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok, 10120, Thailand
| | - Mansor Syamila
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 78100 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Randa Darwish
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Poramat Sutcharit
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Chao Chi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Patchaniya Akepach
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Department of Food Innovation and Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, 84100, Thailand
| | - Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et lngénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et lngénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et lngénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
| | - David A Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Sahaka M, Amara S, Wattanakul J, Gedi MA, Aldai N, Parsiegla G, Lecomte J, Christeller JT, Gray D, Gontero B, Villeneuve P, Carrière F. The digestion of galactolipids and its ubiquitous function in Nature for the uptake of the essential α-linolenic acid. Food Funct 2020; 11:6710-6744. [PMID: 32687132 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids, mainly monogalactosyl diglycerides and digalactosyl diglycerides are the main lipids found in the membranes of plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria. As such, they are the main lipids present at the surface of earth. They may represent up to 80% of the fatty acid stocks, including a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Nevertheless, the interest in these lipids for nutrition and other applications remains overlooked, probably because they are dispersed in the biomass and are not as easy to extract as vegetable oils from oleaginous fruit and oil seeds. Another reason is that galactolipids only represent a small fraction of the acylglycerolipids present in modern human diet. In herbivores such as horses, fish and folivorous insects, galactolipids may however represent the main source of dietary fatty acids due to their dietary habits and digestion physiology. The development of galactolipase assays has led to the identification and characterization of the enzymes involved in the digestion of galactolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as by microorganisms. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) has been identified as an important factor of galactolipid digestion in humans, together with pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH). The levels of PLRP2 are particularly high in monogastric herbivores thus highlighting the peculiar role of PLRP2 in the digestion of plant lipids. Similarly, pancreatic lipase homologs are found to be expressed in the midgut of folivorous insects, in which a high galactolipase activity can be measured. In fish, however, CEH is the main galactolipase involved. This review discusses the origins and fatty acid composition of galactolipids and the physiological contribution of galactolipid digestion in various species. This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - John T Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Heras J, Chakraborty M, Emerson JJ, German DP. Genomic and biochemical evidence of dietary adaptation in a marine herbivorous fish. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192327. [PMID: 32070255 PMCID: PMC7062031 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adopting a new diet is a significant evolutionary change, and can profoundly affect an animal's physiology, biochemistry, ecology and genome. To study this evolutionary transition, we investigated the physiology and genomics of digestion of a derived herbivorous fish, Cebidichthys violaceus. We sequenced and assembled its genome (N50 = 6.7 Mb) and digestive transcriptome, and revealed the molecular changes related to digestive enzymes (carbohydrases, proteases and lipases), finding abundant evidence of molecular adaptation. Specifically, two gene families experienced expansion in copy number and adaptive amino acid substitutions: amylase and carboxyl ester lipase (cel), which are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, respectively. Both show elevated levels of gene expression and increased enzyme activity. Because carbohydrates are abundant in the prickleback's diet and lipids are rare, these findings suggest that such dietary specialization involves both exploiting abundant resources and scavenging rare ones, especially essential nutrients, like essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Heras
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
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Metabolic Effect of Dietary Taurine Supplementation on Grouper ( Epinephelus coioides): A 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122253. [PMID: 31212947 PMCID: PMC6630984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is an indispensable amino acid for many fish species and taurine supplementation is needed when plant-based diets are used as the primary protein source for these species. However, there is limited information available to understand the physiological or metabolic effects of taurine on fish. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis was conducted to identify the metabolic profile change in the fish intestine with the aim to assess the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the physiological and metabolomic variation of fish, and reveal the possible mechanism of taurine's metabolic effect. Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were divided into four groups and fed diets containing 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% taurine supplementation for 84 days. After extraction using aqueous and organic solvents, 25 significant taurine-induced metabolic changes were identified. These metabolic changes in grouper intestine were characterized by differences in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid and nucleotide. The results reflected both the physiological state and growth of the fish, and indicated that taurine supplementation significantly affects the metabolome of fish, improves energy utilization and amino acid uptake, promotes protein, lipid and purine synthesis, and accelerates fish growth.
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