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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Paboeuf G, Chonchon L, Barouh N, Vié V, Bourlieu C. Interfacial adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 onto heterogeneous plant lipid model membranes. Biochimie 2023; 215:12-23. [PMID: 37062468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase related-protein 2 (PLRP2) exhibits remarkable galactolipase and phospholipase A1 activities, which depend greatly on the supramolecular organization of the substrates and the presence of surfactant molecules such as bile salts. The objective of the study was to understand the modulation of the adsorption mechanisms and enzymatic activity of Guinea pig PLRP2 (gPLRP2), by the physical environment of the enzyme and the physical state of its substrate. Langmuir monolayers were used to reproduce homogeneous and heterogeneous photosynthetic model membranes containing galactolipids (GL), and/or phospholipids (PL), and/or phytosterols (pS), presenting uncharged or charged interfaces. The same lipid mixtures were also used to form micrometric liposomes, and their gPLRP2 catalyzed digestion kinetics were investigated in presence or in absence of bile salts (NaTDC) during static in vitro, so called "bulk", digestion. The enzymatic activity of gPLRP2 onto the galactolipid-based monolayers was characterized with an optimum activity at 15 mN/m, in the absence of bile salts. gPLRP2 showed enhanced adsorption onto biomimetic model monolayer containing negatively charged lipids. However, the compositional complexity in the heterogeneous uncharged model systems induced a lag phase before the initiation of lipolysis. In bulk, no enzymatic activity could be demonstrated on GL-based liposomes in the absence of bile salts, probably due to the high lateral pressure of the lipid bilayers. In the presence of NaTDC (4 mM), however, gPLRP2 showed both high galactolipase and moderate phospholipase A1 activities on liposomes, probably due to a decrease in packing and lateral pressure upon NaTDC adsorption, and subsequent disruption of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; INRAE/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, F34398, Montpellier, France; Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France.
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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Paboeuf G, Artzner F, Barouh N, Bourlieu C, Vié V. Interfacial organization and phase behavior of mixed galactolipid-DPPC-phytosterol assemblies at the air-water interface and in hydrated mesophases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112646. [PMID: 35763897 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The structural behavior of model assemblies composed of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the two main galactolipids found in plants, was investigated at the air/water interface and in aqueous dispersion. To approach the composition of the natural photosynthetic membranes, tunable Langmuir model membrane of galactolipids (GL) were used, and were complexified to form either heterogenous binary or ternary assemblies of GL, phospholipids (PL), and phytosterols (pS). The impact of pS, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or both on the structural properties of GL membrane was studied. The nature of the interactions between the different molecules was investigated using biophysical characterizations (ellipsometry, tensiometry, atomic force microscopy). In addition, the phase behavior was determined by SAXS analysis on the model assemblies in aqueous dispersions. Results revealed the good interfacial stability of these specific plant membrane lipids. The morphology of the GL film was characteristic of a fluid phase, with an interfacial roughness induced by the intercalation of monogalactosyl and digalactosyl polar heads of MGDG and DGDG, respectively. A phase heterogeneity in the monolayer was induced by the addition of DPPC and/or pS, which resulted in the modification of galactolipid organization and headgroup interactions. These structural changes were confirmed by SAXS analysis, showing more favorable interactions between MGDG and DPPC than between DGDG and DPPC in aqueous dispersion. This phenomenon was exacerbated in the presence of pS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France; INRAE/CIRAD/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, F34398 Montpellier, France; Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- INRAE/CIRAD/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France; Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042 Renne, France.
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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Barouh N, Villeneuve P, Vié V, Bourlieu C. Digestibility and oxidative stability of plant lipid assemblies: An underexplored source of potentially bioactive surfactants? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34839771 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2005532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Most lipids in our diet come under the form of triacylglycerols that are often redispersed and stabilized by surfactants in processed foods. In plant however, lipid assemblies constitute interesting sources of natural bioactive and functional ingredients. In most photosynthetic sources, polar lipids rich in ω3 fatty acids are concentrated. The objective of this review is to summarize all the knowledge about the physico-chemical composition, digestive behavior and oxidative stability of plant polar lipid assemblies to emphasize their potential as functional ingredients in human diet and their potentialities to substitute artificial surfactants/antioxidants. The specific composition of plant membrane assemblies is detailed, including plasma membranes, oil bodies, and chloroplast; emphasizing its concentration in phospholipids, galactolipids, peculiar proteins, and phenolic compounds. These molecular species are hydrolyzed by specific digestive enzymes in the human gastrointestinal tract and reduced the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and their subsequent absorption. Galactolipids specifically can activate ileal break and intrinsically present an antioxidant (AO) activity and metal chelating activity. In addition, their natural association with phenolic compounds and their physical state (Lα state of digalactosyldiacylglycerols) in membrane assemblies can enhance their stability to oxidation. All these elements make plant membrane molecules and assemblies very promising components with a wide range of potential applications to vectorize ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and equilibrate human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- INRAE/UM/Institut Agro, UMR 1208 IATE, Montpellier France.,IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et lngénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
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Garcia Mayén H, Kergomard J, Vergez C, Guillemain P, Jousserand M, Pachebat M, Sanchez P. Characterization of open woodwind toneholes by the tube reversed method. J Acoust Soc Am 2021; 150:3763. [PMID: 34852613 DOI: 10.1121/10.0007131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Woodwind tonehole's linear behavior is characterized by two complex quantities: the series and shunt acoustic impedances. A method to determine experimentally these two quantities is presented for the case of open toneholes. It is based on two input impedance measurements. The method can be applied to clarinet-like instruments, and can be used for undercut toneholes as well as toneholes with pads above their output, under the condition that a symmetry axis exists. The robustness of the method proposed is explored numerically through the simulation of the experiment when considering geometrical and measurement uncertainties. Experimental results confirm the relevance of the method proposed to estimate the shunt impedance. Even the effect of small changes in the hole's geometry, such as those induced by undercutting, are characterized experimentally. The main effect of undercutting is shown to be a decrease in the tonehole's acoustic mass, in agreement with theoretical considerations based on the shape of the tonehole. Investigation on the effects of pads will be studied in a further work. Experimental results also reveal that losses in toneholes are significantly higher than those predicted by the theory. Therefore, the method is suitable for the experimental determination of the shunt impedance, but it is not convenient for the characterization of the series impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Garcia Mayén
- Buffet Crampon, 5 rue Maurice Berteaux, Mantes-la-Ville, 78711, France
| | - J Kergomard
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - C Vergez
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - P Guillemain
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - M Jousserand
- Buffet Crampon, 5 rue Maurice Berteaux, Mantes-la-Ville, 78711, France
| | - M Pachebat
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - P Sanchez
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
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Kergomard J, Paboeuf G, Barouh N, Villeneuve P, Schafer O, Wooster TJ, Bourlieu C, Vié V. Stability to oxidation and interfacial behavior at the air/water interface of minimally-processed versus processed walnut oil-bodies. Food Chem 2021; 360:129880. [PMID: 33989883 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oil bodies (OB), the form of triacylglycerol storage in seeds, are interesting natural assemblies for nutritional applications. In walnuts, OB contain an important amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids that could be interesting food ingredients but may be prone to oxidation. The oxidative and interfacial behavior of walnut OB, either minimally-processed or after processing, were compared with processed complex walnut juice. The good oxidative stability of minimally-processed OB over 10 days (PV ≤ 8.4 meq O2/kg, TBARS = 1.4 mmol eq MDA/kg) and of processed walnut complex matrixes over 20 days (PV ≤ 4.8 meq O2/kg, TBARS = 1.4 mmol eq MDA/kg) was evidenced. In comparison, processing of OB promoted their oxidation. The interfacial studies led to the proposition of a new model of adsorption for minimally-processed OB that will be useful to design functional emulsion or foam in which OB act as emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 5261, Rennes 1 University, France; IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; QUALISUD, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 5261, Rennes 1 University, France; Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001 F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- QUALISUD, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- QUALISUD, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Schafer
- Institute of Materials Science, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tim J Wooster
- Institute of Materials Science, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 5261, Rennes 1 University, France; Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001 F-35042 Rennes, France.
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Petersen E, Guillemain P, Kergomard J, Colinot T. The effect of the cutoff frequency on the sound production of a clarinet-like instrument. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 145:3784. [PMID: 31255117 DOI: 10.1121/1.5111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The input impedance of woodwind instruments is characterized by at least two bands due to the lattice of open toneholes, a stop band at low frequencies, and a pass band at higher frequencies where the acoustic energy is able to propagate past the first open tonehole and into the lattice. The cutoff frequency that separates these two bands is an approximate value that is determined by the geometry of the lattice of open toneholes. It is expected that the frequency at which the stop band transitions to the pass band affects the sound produced by the instrument, but it is not known how this frequency affects the competition between self-sustained oscillation and radiation. A simplified model of a clarinet-like resonator is conceived such that the first input impedance peak and the cutoff frequency can be independently chosen. Experimental prototypes are built and the measured impedance of these prototypes is compared with the simulations. Resonators with very similar low frequency behavior but very different cutoff frequencies are then compared using digital synthesis to evaluate the influence of the cutoff frequency on sound production. The cutoff frequency impacts the synthesized pressure and acoustic volume velocity in the mouthpiece, particularly regarding the spectral content at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Petersen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - P Guillemain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - J Kergomard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - T Colinot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, UMR 7031, Marseille, France
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Doc JB, Vergez C, Guillemain P, Kergomard J. Sound production on a "coaxial saxophone". J Acoust Soc Am 2016; 140:3917. [PMID: 27908093 DOI: 10.1121/1.4967368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sound production on a "coaxial saxophone" is investigated experimentally. The coaxial saxophone is a variant of the cylindrical saxophone made up of two tubes mounted in parallel, which can be seen as a low-frequency analogy of a truncated conical resonator with a mouthpiece. Initially developed for the purposes of theoretical analysis, an experimental verification of the analogy between conical and cylindrical saxophones has never been reported. The present paper explains why the volume of the cylindrical saxophone mouthpiece limits the achievement of a good playability. To limit the mouthpiece volume, a coaxial alignment of pipes is proposed and a prototype of coaxial saxophone is built. An impedance model of coaxial resonator is proposed and validated by comparison with experimental data. Sound production is also studied through experiments with a blowing machine. The playability of the prototype is then assessed and proven for several values of the blowing pressure, of the embouchure parameter, and of the instrument's geometrical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Doc
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures et des Systèmes Couplés, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - C Vergez
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 4 impasse Nikola Tesla, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - P Guillemain
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 4 impasse Nikola Tesla, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - J Kergomard
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique, CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, 4 impasse Nikola Tesla, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
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Kergomard J, Guillemain P, Silva F, Karkar S. Idealized digital models for conical reed instruments, with focus on the internal pressure waveform. J Acoust Soc Am 2016; 139:927-937. [PMID: 26936573 DOI: 10.1121/1.4942185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two models for the generation of self-oscillations of reed conical woodwinds are presented. The models use the fewest parameters (of either the resonator or the exciter), whose influence can be quickly explored. The formulation extends iterated maps obtained for lossless cylindrical pipes without reed dynamics. It uses spherical wave variables in idealized resonators, with one parameter more than for cylinders: the missing length of the cone. The mouthpiece volume equals that of the missing part of the cone, and is implemented as either a cylindrical pipe (first model) or a lumped element (second model). Only the first model adds a length parameter for the mouthpiece and leads to the solving of an implicit equation. For the second model, any shape of nonlinear characteristic can be directly considered. The complex characteristic impedance for spherical waves requires sampling times smaller than a round trip in the resonator. The convergence of the two models is shown when the length of the cylindrical mouthpiece tends to zero. The waveform is in semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. It is concluded that the oscillations of the positive episode of the mouthpiece pressure are related to the length of the missing part, not to the reed dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kergomard
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique (LMA, Research Unit of CNRS 7051) Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, F-13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - P Guillemain
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique (LMA, Research Unit of CNRS 7051) Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, F-13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - F Silva
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique (LMA, Research Unit of CNRS 7051) Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, F-13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - S Karkar
- Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 11 Route Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Taillard PA, Kergomard J. An Analytical Prediction of the Bifurcation Scheme of a Clarinet-Like Instrument: Effects of Resonator Losses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Silva F, Vergez C, Guillemain P, Kergomard J, Debut V. MoReeSC: A Framework for the Simulation and Analysis of Sound Production in Reed and Brass Instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Noreland D, Kergomard J, Laloë F, Vergez C, Guillemain P, Guilloteau A. The Logical Clarinet: Numerical Optimization of the Geometry of Woodwind Instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Moers E, Kergomard J. On the Cutoff Frequency of Clarinet-Like Instruments. Geometrical versus Acoustical Regularity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ricaud B, Guillemain P, Kergomard J, Silva F, Vergez C. Behavior of Reed Woodwind Instruments Around The Oscillation Threshold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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