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Yasin NM, Pancho F, Yasin M, Van Impe JFM, Akkermans S. Novel methods to monitor the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) by Amycolatopsis orientalis and Amycolatopsis thailandensis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355050. [PMID: 38655392 PMCID: PMC11035760 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are essential in modern life, but their conventional production is problematic due to environmental pollution and waste management issues. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used bioplastic that is bio-based and biodegradable, making it a key player in the bioeconomy. PLA has been proven to be degradable in various settings, including aqueous, soil, and compost environments. However, monitoring and optimizing PLA biodegradation remains challenging. This study proposes methods to improve the quantification of PLA biodegradation by Amycolatopsis spp. Ultrasound treatments (10 s) significantly improved the enumeration of viable Amycolatopsis cells by breaking the pellets into quantifiable individual cells. A separation technique combining ultrasound (120 s) and 40 μm cell strainers effectively isolated PLA particles from biomass to quantify PLA weight loss. This enabled the monitoring of PLA biofragmentation. Finally, CO2 production was measured according to ISO 14852 to quantify mineralization. Integrating these methods provides an improved quantification for PLA biodegradation along its different stages. In a case study, this led to the construction of a carbon balance where 85.1% of initial carbon content was successfully tracked. The developed techniques for monitoring of PLA biodegradation are essential to design future waste management strategies for biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Mat Yasin
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farlash Pancho
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Md Yasin
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan F. M. Van Impe
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simen Akkermans
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Fluidic Device System for Mechanical Processing and Filtering of Human Lipoaspirate Enhances Recovery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:72e-84e. [PMID: 36205654 PMCID: PMC10156086 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is an easily accessible source of stem and progenitor cells that offers exciting promise as an injectable autologous therapeutic for regenerative applications. Mechanical processing is preferred over enzymatic digestion, and the most common method involves shuffling lipoaspirate between syringes and filtering to produce nanofat. Although nanofat has shown exciting clinical results, the authors hypothesized that new device designs could enhance recovery of stem/progenitor cells through optimization of fluid dynamics principles, integration, and automation. METHODS The authors designed and fabricated the emulsification and micronization device (EMD) and the filtration device (FD) to replace the manual nanofat procedures. Using human lipoaspirate samples, the EMD and the FD were optimized and compared to traditional nanofat using ex vivo measurements of cell number, viability, and percentage of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. RESULTS The EMD produced results statistically similar to nanofat, and these findings were confirmed for a cohort of diabetic patients. Combining the FD with the EMD was superior to manually filtered nanofat in terms of both recovered cell percentages (>1.5-fold) and numbers (two- to three-fold). Differences were statistically significant for total mesenchymal stem cells and a DPP4 + /CD55 + subpopulation linked to improved wound healing in diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The new EMD and the FD improved mechanical processing of human lipoaspirate in terms of mesenchymal stem cell enrichment and number compared to traditional nanofat. Future work will seek to investigate the wound healing response both in vitro and in vivo, and to refine the technology for automated operation within clinical settings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The new devices improved mechanical processing of human lipoaspirate in terms of stem cell enrichment and number compared to traditional methods. Future work will seek to validate wound healing response and refine the technology for automated operation within clinical settings.
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3
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Mukherjee P, Park SH, Pathak N, Patino CA, Bao G, Espinosa HD. Integrating Micro and Nano Technologies for Cell Engineering and Analysis: Toward the Next Generation of Cell Therapy Workflows. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15653-15680. [PMID: 36154011 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of cell therapy offers the potential to treat and even cure a diverse array of diseases for which existing interventions are inadequate. Recent advances in micro and nanotechnology have added a multitude of single cell analysis methods to our research repertoire. At the same time, techniques have been developed for the precise engineering and manipulation of cells. Together, these methods have aided the understanding of disease pathophysiology, helped formulate corrective interventions at the cellular level, and expanded the spectrum of available cell therapeutic options. This review discusses how micro and nanotechnology have catalyzed the development of cell sorting, cellular engineering, and single cell analysis technologies, which have become essential workflow components in developing cell-based therapeutics. The review focuses on the technologies adopted in research studies and explores the opportunities and challenges in combining the various elements of cell engineering and single cell analysis into the next generation of integrated and automated platforms that can accelerate preclinical studies and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nibir Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cesar A Patino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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4
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Electric-field facilitated rapid and efficient dissociation of tissues Into viable single cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10728. [PMID: 35750779 PMCID: PMC9232619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-Cell Analysis is a growing field that endeavors to obtain genetic profiles of individual cells. Disruption of cell-cell junctions and digestion of extracellular matrix in tissues requires tissue-specific mechanical and chemical dissociation protocols. Here, a new approach for dissociating tissues into constituent cells is described. Placing a tissue biopsy core within a liquid-filled cavity and applying an electric field between two parallel plate electrodes facilitates rapid dissociation of complex tissues into single cells. Different solution compositions, electric field strengths, and oscillation frequencies are investigated experimentally and with COMSOL Multiphysics. The method is compared with standard chemical and mechanical approaches for tissue dissociation. Treatment of tissue samples at 100 V/cm 1 kHz facilitated dissociation of 95 ± 4% of biopsy tissue sections in as little as 5 min, threefold faster than conventional chemical-mechanical techniques. The approach affords good dissociation of tissues into single cells while preserving cell viability, morphology, and cell cycle progression, suggesting utility for sample preparation of tissue specimens for direct Single-Cell Analysis.
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5
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Manzoor S, Tayyaba S, Ashraf MW. Simulation, analysis, fabrication and characterization of tunable AAO membrane for microfluidic filtration. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic filtration is an essential process in many biomedical applications. Micro or nanoporous membranes are used for colloidal retention. During the membrane filtration process visualization of various phenomena is challenging. Theoretical models have been proposed to visualize the transport mechanism. In this work, ANSYS Fluent is used for 3D designing of the microfluidic system and Fuzzy simulations are used to study flow rate and velocity, to get the maximum benefit from Anodized Aluminium oxide membrane in practical applications. The proposed method exploits relations between driving force, membrane area, and fluid flow. After optimization of parameters for the filtration, the AAO membrane with desired pore diameter was fabricated using the two-step anodization method. Scanning electron microscope is used for characterization of fabricated AAO membrane. The simulated and theoretical results using computer-based programs are then compared for manipulation of flow rate during the filtration process. Along with the manipulation of flow rate from nanoporous membrane other challenges faced during the filtration process are also highlighted with possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Manzoor
- Department of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Tayyaba
- Department of Computer Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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6
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Aliaghaei M, Haun JB. Optimization of Mechanical Tissue Dissociation Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device for Improved Generation of Single Cells Following Digestion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:841046. [PMID: 35211466 PMCID: PMC8861371 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.841046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociation of tissue and cell aggregates into single cells is of high interest for single cell analysis studies, primary cultures, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, current methods are slow, poorly controlled, variable, and can introduce artifacts. We previously developed a microfluidic device that contains two separate dissociation modules, a branching channel array and nylon mesh filters, which was used as a polishing step after tissue processing with a microfluidic digestion device. Here, we employed the integrated disaggregation and filtration (IDF) device as a standalone method with both cell aggregates and traditionally digested tissue to perform a well-controlled and detailed study into the effect of mechanical forces on dissociation, including modulation of flow rate, device pass number, and even the mechanism. Using a strongly cohesive cell aggregate model, we found that single cell recovery was highest using flow rates exceeding 40 ml/min and multiple passes through the filter module, either with or without the channel module. For minced and digested kidney tissue, recovery of diverse cell types was maximal using multiple passes through the channel module and only a single pass through the filter module. Notably, we found that epithelial cell recovery from the optimized IDF device alone exceeded our previous efforts, and this result was maintained after reducing digestion time to 20 min. However, endothelial cells and leukocytes still required extended digestion time for maximal recover. These findings highlight the significance of parameter optimization to achieve the highest cell yield and viability based on tissue sample size, extracellular matrix content, and strength of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Aliaghaei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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7
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Guo Z, Wang X, Zhang P, Sun F, Chen Z, Ma W, Meng F, Hao H, Shang X. Silica nanoparticles cause spermatogenesis dysfunction in mice via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113210. [PMID: 35051769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has increased the risk of human exposure, which raised concerns about their adverse effects on human health, especially the reproductive system. Previous studies have shown that SiNPs could cause damage to reproductive organs, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, to investigate the underlying mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by SiNPs, 40 male mice at the age of 8 weeks were divided into two groups and then intraperitoneally injected with vehicle control or 10 mg/kg SiNPs per day for one week. The results showed that SiNPs could damage testicular structure, perturb spermatogenesis and reduce serum testosterone levels, leading to a decrease in sperm quality and quantity. In addition, the ROS level in the testis of exposed mice was significantly increased, followed by imbalance of the oxidative redox status. Further study revealed that exposure to SiNPs led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as shown by downregulation of the expression of positive cell cycle regulators and the activation of TNF-α/TNFR Ⅰ-mediated apoptotic pathway. The results demonstrated that SiNPs could cause testicles injure via inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage which led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and thereby resulting in spermatogenic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Guo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinzheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanli Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyun Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Ma
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyu Meng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Shang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang KS, Nadkarni AV, Paul R, Martin AM, Tang SKY. Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7097-7141. [PMID: 35049287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms has enabled major advances in fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range from wound healing and regeneration studies to the generation of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies. Even today, these surgical operations are often performed manually, but they are labor intensive and lack reproducibility. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology to control and manipulate cells and multicellular systems at the micro- and nanoscale with high precision. Here, we review the physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery and the corresponding design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems. We consider four types of surgical operations: (1) sectioning, which splits a biological entity into multiple parts, (2) ablation, which destroys part of an entity, (3) biopsy, which extracts materials from within a living cell, and (4) fusion, which joins multiple entities into one. For each type of surgery, we summarize the motivating applications and the microfluidic devices developed. Throughout this review, we highlight existing challenges and opportunities. We hope that this review will inspire scientists and engineers to continue to explore and improve microfluidic surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rajorshi Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adrian M Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Yang Y, Pang W, Zhang H, Cui W, Jin K, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ren X, Duan X. Manipulation of single cells via a Stereo Acoustic Streaming Tunnel (SteAST). MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 35935274 PMCID: PMC9352906 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the single-cell level, cellular parameters, gene expression and cellular function are assayed on an individual but not population-average basis. Essential to observing and analyzing the heterogeneity and behavior of these cells/clusters is the ability to prepare and manipulate individuals. Here, we demonstrate a versatile microsystem, a stereo acoustic streaming tunnel, which is triggered by ultrahigh-frequency bulk acoustic waves and highly confined by a microchannel. We thoroughly analyze the generation and features of stereo acoustic streaming to develop a virtual tunnel for observation, pretreatment and analysis of cells for different single-cell applications. 3D reconstruction, dissociation of clusters, selective trapping/release, in situ analysis and pairing of single cells with barcode gel beads were demonstrated. To further verify the reliability and robustness of this technology in complex biosamples, the separation of circulating tumor cells from undiluted blood based on properties of both physics and immunity was achieved. With the rich selection of handling modes, the platform has the potential to be a full-process microsystem, from pretreatment to analysis, and used in numerous fields, such as in vitro diagnosis, high-throughput single-cell sequencing and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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10
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Lombardo JA, Haun JB. Microfluidic Device Technologies for Digestion, Disaggregation, and Filtration of Tissue Samples for Single Cell Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:81-92. [PMID: 35094323 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in breaking down tissues into the individual cellular constituents so that those cells can be identified, assayed for functional characteristics, or utilized for therapeutic purposes. A major driver is the development of single cell analysis methods, which are best poised to assess cellular heterogeneity and discover rare cells. Current tissue dissociation methods are inefficient, produce variable results, and require many labor-intensive, time-consuming steps. To address these shortcomings, we have developed three different microfluidic technologies to perform the critical steps of tissue digestion, disaggregation, and filtration with improved dissociation efficiency and speed. These devices will make it possible to process tissue into single cells for various downstream applications in a rapid and automated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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11
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Clark AS, San-Miguel A. A bioinspired, passive microfluidic lobe filtration system. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3762-3774. [PMID: 34581374 PMCID: PMC8486309 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Size-based microfluidic filtration systems can be affected by clogging, which prevents their use in high-throughput and continuous applications. To address these concerns, we have developed two microfluidic lobe filters bioinspired by the filtration mechanism of two species of manta ray. These chips enable filtration of particles around 10-30 μm with precise control and high throughput by using two arrays of equally spaced filter lobes. For each filter design, we investigated multiple inlet flow rates and particle sizes to identify successful operational parameters. Filtration efficiency increases with fluid flow rate, suggesting that particle inertial effects play a key role in lobe filter separation. Microparticle filtration efficiencies up to 99% were obtainable with inlet flow rates of 20 mL min-1. Each filter design successfully increased microparticle concentrations by a factor of two or greater at different inlet flow rates ranging from 6-16 mL min-1. At higher inlet flow rates, ANSYS Fluent simulations of each device revealed a complex velocity profile that contains three local maxima and two inflection points. Ultimately, we show that distances from the lobe array to the closest local maxima and inflection point of the velocity profile can be used to successfully estimate lobe filtration efficiency at each operational flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Clark
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Adriana San-Miguel
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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12
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Ma Z, Zhao H, Shi L, Yu D, Guo X. Automatic medium exchange for micro-volume cell samples based on dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1507-1515. [PMID: 33990980 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell medium exchange is a crucial step for life science and medicine. However, conventional cell medium exchange methods, including centrifuging and filtering, show limited ability for micro-volume cell samples such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating fetal cell (CFC). In this paper, we proposed an automatic medium exchange method for micro-volume cell samples based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) in microfluidic chip. Fresh medium and cell suspension were introduced into the microfluidic channel as the laminar flow. Plane stair-shaped interdigital electrodes were employed to drive the cells from the cell suspension to fresh media directly by DEP force. Additionally, we characterized and optimized the cell medium exchange according to both the theory and experiments. In the end, we achieved a 96.9% harvest rate of medium exchange for 0.3 μL samples containing micro-volume cells. For implementing an automatic continuous cell medium exchange, the proposed method can be integrated into the automatic cell processing system conveniently. Furthermore, the proposed method is a great candidate in micro-volume cell analysis and processing, cell electroporation, single cell sequencing, and other scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Ma
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongwang Zhao
- School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Liujia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duli Yu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Guo
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Lombardo JA, Aliaghaei M, Nguyen QH, Kessenbrock K, Haun JB. Microfluidic platform accelerates tissue processing into single cells for molecular analysis and primary culture models. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2858. [PMID: 34001902 PMCID: PMC8128882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues are complex mixtures of different cell subtypes, and this diversity is increasingly characterized using high-throughput single cell analysis methods. However, these efforts are hindered, as tissues must first be dissociated into single cell suspensions using methods that are often inefficient, labor-intensive, highly variable, and potentially biased towards certain cell subtypes. Here, we present a microfluidic platform consisting of three tissue processing technologies that combine tissue digestion, disaggregation, and filtration. The platform is evaluated using a diverse array of tissues. For kidney and mammary tumor, microfluidic processing produces 2.5-fold more single cells. Single cell RNA sequencing further reveals that endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and basal epithelium are enriched without affecting stress response. For liver and heart, processing time is dramatically reduced. We also demonstrate that recovery of cells from the system at periodic intervals during processing increases hepatocyte and cardiomyocyte numbers, as well as increases reproducibility from batch-to-batch for all tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marzieh Aliaghaei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Quy H Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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14
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Sun M, Han K, Hu R, Liu D, Fu W, Liu W. Advances in Micro/Nanoporous Membranes for Biomedical Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001545. [PMID: 33511718 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous membrane materials at the micro/nanoscale have exhibited practical and potential value for extensive biological and medical applications associated with filtration and isolation, cell separation and sorting, micro-arrangement, in-vitro tissue reconstruction, high-throughput manipulation and analysis, and real-time sensing. Herein, an overview of technological development of micro/nanoporous membranes (M/N-PMs) is provided. Various membrane types and the progress documented in membrane fabrication techniques, including the electrochemical-etching, laser-based technology, microcontact printing, electron beam lithography, imprinting, capillary force lithography, spin coating, and microfluidic molding are described. Their key features, achievements, and limitations associated with micro/nanoporous membrane (M/N-PM) preparation are discussed. The recently popularized applications of M/N-PMs in biomedical engineering involving the separation of cells and biomolecules, bioparticle operations, biomimicking, micropatterning, bioassay, and biosensing are explored too. Finally, the challenges that need to be overcome for M/N-PM fabrication and future applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 China
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Kim K, Park J, Jung JH, Lee R, Park JH, Yuk JM, Hwang H, Yeon JH. Cyclic tangential flow filtration system for isolation of extracellular vesicles. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:016103. [PMID: 33688618 PMCID: PMC7932758 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Size-based filtration techniques have been developed for high-throughput isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Conventional direct filtration systems have limitations in that large particles generally not only block the pores of the membrane but also damage the particles because of the high fluid pressure. Here, we propose a cyclic tangential flow filtration (TFF) system that includes two membranes with pore sizes of 200 and 30 nm, connected to a peristaltic pump that feeds the stream flowing to the membrane for continuous circulation. The cyclic TFF system is better able to isolate the specific 30–200 nm size range in one step through dual cyclic filtration compared with direct filtration (DF) and single cyclic TFF (scTFF). We further introduced a buffer-exchange process to the dcTFF system after filtration to remove contaminants for more efficient purification. As a result of comparative evaluation of dcTFF and ExoQuick, EVs isolated by dcTFF had more abundant exosome markers and active EVs. The cyclic TFF system not only has great potential to separate EVs with high selectivity and separation efficiency in small volumes of samples but can also be used in clinical applications, including medical diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jik-Han Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruri Lee
- BBB Inc., Seoul 05637, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ju Hun Yeon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea
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Berlanda SF, Breitfeld M, Dietsche CL, Dittrich PS. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:311-331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Berlanda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Breitfeld
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudius L. Dietsche
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10040036. [PMID: 32294961 PMCID: PMC7236604 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings.
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Yu W, Lin H, Wang Y, He X, Chen N, Sun K, Lo D, Cheng B, Yeung C, Tan J, Di Carlo D, Emaminejad S. A ferrobotic system for automated microfluidic logistics. Sci Robot 2020; 5:5/39/eaba4411. [DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aba4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Automated technologies that can perform massively parallelized and sequential fluidic operations at small length scales can resolve major bottlenecks encountered in various fields, including medical diagnostics, -omics, drug development, and chemical/material synthesis. Inspired by the transformational impact of automated guided vehicle systems on manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution industries, we devised a ferrobotic system that uses a network of individually addressable robots, each performing designated micro-/nanofluid manipulation-based tasks in cooperation with other robots toward a shared objective. The underlying robotic mechanism facilitating fluidic operations was realized by addressable electromagnetic actuation of miniature mobile magnets that exert localized magnetic body forces on aqueous droplets filled with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. The contactless and high-strength nature of the actuation mechanism inherently renders it rapid (~10 centimeters/second), repeatable (>10,000 cycles), and robust (>24 hours). The robustness and individual addressability of ferrobots provide a foundation for the deployment of a network of ferrobots to carry out cross-collaborative logistics efficiently. These traits, together with the reconfigurability of the system, were exploited to devise and integrate passive/active advanced functional components (e.g., droplet dispensing, generation, filtering, and merging), enabling versatile system-level functionalities. By applying this ferrobotic system within the framework of a microfluidic architecture, the ferrobots were tasked to work cross-collaboratively toward the quantification of active matrix metallopeptidases (a biomarker for cancer malignancy and inflammation) in human plasma, where various functionalities converged to achieve a fully automated assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A. Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ian M. Freed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
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Weng X, Kang Y, Guo Q, Peng B, Jiang H. Recent advances in thread-based microfluidics for diagnostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:171-185. [PMID: 30875629 PMCID: PMC7127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues. Cellulose substrates, including thread, paper and hydrogels are alternatives due to their distinct structural and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Thread have gained considerable attention and become promising powerful tool due to its advantages over paper-based systems thus finds numerous applications in the development of diagnostic systems, smart bandages and tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review articles on the topic of thread-based microfluidics have been published and it is of significance for many scientific communities working on Microfluidics, Biosensors and Lab-on-Chip. This review gives an overview of the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices in a variety of applications. It begins with an overall introduction of the fabrication followed by an in-depth review on the detection techniques in such devices and various applications with respect to effort and performance to date. A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed. Thread-based microfluidics are still at an early development stage and further improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical strategies, and function to become low-cost, low-volume and easy-to-use point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Weng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
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