1
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Wu W, Mu Y. Microfluidic technologies for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031504. [PMID: 38855477 PMCID: PMC11162290 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is getting serious and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics is responsible for this situation. The standard methods used in clinical laboratories, to diagnose bacterial infections, identify pathogens, and determine susceptibility profiles, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, leaving the empirical antimicrobial therapy as the only option for the first treatment. To prevent the situation from getting worse, evidence-based therapy should be given. The choosing of effective drugs requires powerful diagnostic tools to provide comprehensive information on infections. Recent progress in microfluidics is pushing infection diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be faster and easier. This review summarizes the recent development in microfluidic assays for rapid identification and AST in bacterial infections. Finally, we discuss the perspective of microfluidic-AST to develop the next-generation infection diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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2
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Qi X, Zhou Q, Li X, Hu G. Generation of Multiple Concentration Gradients Using a Two-Dimensional Pyramid Array. Anal Chem 2024; 96:856-865. [PMID: 38104274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Concentration heterogeneity of diffusible reactants is a prevalent phenomenon in biochemical processes, requiring the generation of concentration gradients for the relevant experiments. In this study, we present a high-density pyramid array microfluidic network for the effective and precise generation of multiple concentration gradients. The complex gradient distribution in the 2D array can be adaptively adjusted by modulating the reactant velocities and concentrations at the inlets. In addition, the unique design of each reaction chamber and mixing block in the array ensures uniform concentrations within each chamber during dynamic changes, enabling large-scale reactions with low reactant volumes. Through detailed numerical simulation of mass transport within the complex microchannel networks, the proposed method allows researchers to determine the desired number of reaction chambers within a given concentration range based on experimental requirements and to quickly obtain the operating conditions with the help of machine learning-based prediction. The effectiveness in generating a multiple concentration gradient environment was further demonstrated by concentration-dependent calcium carbonate crystallization experiments. This device provides a highly efficient mixing and adaptable concentration platform that is well suited for high-throughput and multiplexed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Qi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuejin Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Yang D, Yu Z, Zheng M, Yang W, Liu Z, Zhou J, Huang L. Artificial intelligence-accelerated high-throughput screening of antibiotic combinations on a microfluidic combinatorial droplet system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3961-3977. [PMID: 37605875 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms have been employed as an effective tool for drug screening and exhibit the advantages of lower reagent consumption, higher throughput and a higher degree of automation. Despite the great advancement, it remains challenging to screen complex antibiotic combinations in a simple, high-throughput and systematic manner. Meanwhile, the large amounts of datasets generated during the screening process generally outpace the abilities of the conventional manual or semi-automatic data analysis. To address these issues, we propose an artificial intelligence-accelerated high-throughput combinatorial drug evaluation system (AI-HTCDES), which not only allows high-throughput production of antibiotic combinations with varying concentrations, but can also automatically analyze the dynamic growth of bacteria under the action of different antibiotic combinations. Based on this system, several antibiotic combinations displaying an additive effect are discovered, and the dosage regimens of each component in the combinations are determined. This strategy not only provides useful guidance in the clinical use of antibiotic combination therapy and personalized medicine, but also offers a promising tool for the combinatorial screenings of other medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Ziming Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Mengxin Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhangcai Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Cao J, Chande C, Köhler JM. Microtoxicology by microfluidic instrumentation: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2600-2623. [PMID: 35678285 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtoxicology is concerned with the toxic effects of small amounts of substances. This review paper discusses the application of small amounts of noxious substances for toxicological investigation in small volumes. The vigorous development of miniaturized methods in microfluidics over the last two decades involves chip-based devices, micro droplet-based procedures, and the use of micro-segmented flow for microtoxicological studies. The studies have shown that the microfluidic approach is particularly valuable for highly parallelized and combinatorial dose-response screenings. Accurate dosing and mixing of effector substances in large numbers of microcompartments supplies detailed data of dose-response functions by highly concentration-resolved assays and allows evaluation of stochastic responses in case of small separated cell ensembles and single cell experiments. The investigations demonstrate that very different biological targets can be studied using miniaturized approaches, among them bacteria, eukaryotic microorganisms, cell cultures from tissues of multicellular organisms, stem cells, and early embryonic states. Cultivation and effector exposure tests can be performed in small volumes over weeks and months, confirming that the microfluicial strategy is also applicable for slow-growing organisms. Here, the state of the art of miniaturized toxicology, particularly for studying antibiotic susceptibility, drug toxicity testing in the miniaturized system like organ-on-chip, environmental toxicology, and the characterization of combinatorial effects by two and multi-dimensional screenings, is discussed. Additionally, this review points out the practical limitations of the microtoxicology platform and discusses perspectives on future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialan Cao
- Techn. Univ. Ilmenau, Dept. Phys. Chem. and Microreaction Technology, Institute for Micro- und Nanotechnologies/Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Charmi Chande
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - J Michael Köhler
- Techn. Univ. Ilmenau, Dept. Phys. Chem. and Microreaction Technology, Institute for Micro- und Nanotechnologies/Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau, Germany.
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Lin SJ, Chao PH, Cheng HW, Wang JK, Wang YL, Han YY, Huang NT. An antibiotic concentration gradient microfluidic device integrating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for multiplex antimicrobial susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1805-1814. [PMID: 35322844 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a key measure in clinical microbiology laboratories to enable appropriate antimicrobial administration. During an AST, the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is an important step in which the bacterial responses to an antibiotic at a series of concentrations obtained in separate bacterial growth chambers or sites are compared. However, the preparation of different antibiotic concentrations is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device that generates a concentration gradient for antibiotics that is produced by diffusion in the laminar flow regime along a series of lateral microwells to encapsulate bacteria for antibiotic treatment. All the AST preparation steps (including bacterium loading, antibiotic concentration generation, buffer washing, and isolated bacterial growth with an antibiotic) can be performed in a single chip. The viable bacterial cells in each microwell after the antibiotic treatment are then quantified by their surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals that are acquired after placing a uniform SERS-active substrate in contact with all the microwells. For proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the AST performance of this system on ampicillin (AMP)-susceptible and -resistant E. coli strains. Compared with the parameters for conventional AST methods, the AST procedure based on this chip requires only 20 μL of bacteria solution and 5 h of operation time. This result indicates that this integrated system can greatly shorten and simplify the tedious and labor-intensive procedures required for current standard AST methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jyun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsuan Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST) and Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Kai Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Trauma, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zeng W, Chen P, Li S, Sha Q, Li P, Zeng X, Feng X, Du W, Liu BF. Hand-powered vacuum-driven microfluidic gradient generator for high-throughput antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114100. [PMID: 35219023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a serious problem attracting much attention nowadays. To prevent the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials, it is important to carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) before clinical use. However, conventional AST methods are relatively laborious and time-consuming (18-24 h). Here, we present a hand-powered vacuum-driven microfluidic (HVM) device, in which a syringe is used as the only vacuum source for rapid generating concentration gradient of antibiotics in different chambers. The HVM device can be preassembled with various amounts of antibiotics, lyophilized, and stored for ready-to-use. Bacterial samples can be loaded into the HVM device through a simple suction step. With the assistance of Alamar Blue, the AST assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics can be investigated by comparing the growth results of bacteria in different culture chambers. In addition, a parallel HVM device was proposed, in which eight AST assays can be performed simultaneously. The results of MIC of three commonly used antibiotics against E. coli K-12 in our HVM device were consistent with those obtained by traditional method while the detection time was shortened to less than 8 h. We believe that our platform is high-throughput, cost-efficient, easy to use, and suitable for POCT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiuyue Sha
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Song S, Fang J, Wang L, Zhao L, Li C, Li W, Byun HM, Guo L, Li P. The exposure levels and health risk assessment of antibiotics in urine and its association with platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation in adults from Tianjin, China: A preliminary study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113204. [PMID: 35065505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive research on antibiotics exposure in adults by biomonitoring, but the biological mechanisms and potential risks to human health remain limited. In this study, 102 adults aged 26-44 years in Tianjin were studied and 23 common antibiotics in urine were analyzed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All antibiotics were detected in urine, with an overall detection frequency of 40.4% (the detection frequencies of phenothiazines, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol were 77%, 54%, 24%, 28%, and 49%, respectively.). Ofloxacin and enrofloxacin had the highest detection frequencies (85% and 81%), with median concentrations of 0.26 (IQR: 0.05-1.36) and 0.09 (IQR: 0.03-0.14) ng/mL, respectively. Based on health risk assessment, the predicted estimated daily exposures (EDEs) ranged from 0 μg/kg/day to 13.98 μg/kg/day. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of all the antibiotics except ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were bellow one, which are considered safe. For all blood samples, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation levels in the MT-ATP6 (ranging between 3.86% and 34.18%) were slightly higher than MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 (ranging between 0.57% and 9.32%, 1.08% and 19.62%, respectively). Furthermore, mtDNA methylation from MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 were measured by bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing. The association (P < 0.05) was found between mtDNA methylation level (MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5) and individual antibiotics including chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfachloropyridazine, chloramphenicol, and thiamphenicol, indicating that persistent exposure to low-dose multiple antibiotics may affect the mtDNA methylation level and in turn pose health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanjun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junkai Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Weixia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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8
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Wu Y, Hu B, Ma X, Zhang H, Li W, Wang Y, Wang S. Generation of droplets with adjustable chemical concentrations based on fixed potential induced-charge electro-osmosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:403-412. [PMID: 34950939 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00983d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effective control of the sample concentration within droplets is essential in a broad range of assays in chemistry and biochemistry. Here we provide an electrical method for producing batches of aqueous droplets with various chemical concentrations by exploiting fixed-potential induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) flow around a bipolar electrode. By applying an AC electric signal to the bipolar electrode and changing the zeta potential on it, the bipolar electrode acts as a gate electrode for generating asymmetric ICEO flow. The ICEO flow induced transverse vortexes interact with two parallel laminar streams with different chemical compositions. Controlled mixing of the aqueous solutions can be achieved by adjusting the shape and size of the asymmetric vortexes via altering the electric signal applied to the gate electrode. The mixed streams are split at a bifurcation, and one of the streams with a desired controlled concentration is pumped into a flow-focusing geometry to generate droplets with adjustable chemical concentrations. The in-droplet concentration increases in the range of 0.412-1.404 mM, as the applied voltage increases in the range of 0-70 mV at 15 kHz. This approach offers a promising method for on-chip control of chemical concentrations within droplets without labor-intensive dilutions while minimizing the sample consumption, showing great potential for next generation droplet-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, PR China
| | - Bowen Hu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Haohao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
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Needs SH, Saiprom N, Rafaque Z, Imtiaz W, Chantratita N, Runcharoen C, Thammachote J, Anun S, Peacock SJ, Ray P, Andrews S, Edwards AD. Miniaturised broth microdilution for simplified antibiotic susceptibility testing of Gram negative clinical isolates using microcapillary devices. Analyst 2022; 147:3558-3569. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturised antibiotic susceptibility testing: 100 times smaller microcapillary broth microdilution gives equivalent result to standard microplate broth microdilution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natnaree Saiprom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Zara Rafaque
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Imtiaz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Chakkaphan Runcharoen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Thammachote
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical Technology Department, Bhuddhasothon Hospital, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Suthatip Anun
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical Technology Department, Bhuddhasothon Hospital, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | | | - Partha Ray
- The Nature Conservancy, Virginia, USA
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Alexander D. Edwards
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
- CFT Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
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10
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Wang C, Xue Y, Huang J, Ren K, Greiner A, Agarwal S, Ji J. A facile method for high-throughput screening of drug-eluting coatings in droplet microarrays based on ultrasonic spray deposition. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6787-6794. [PMID: 34528030 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coating modification such as drug-eluting coating is one of the most important approaches for the functionalization of biomedical devices. However, the throughputs are limited in conventional coating methods and the concept of miniaturization is rarely fulfilled. A droplet microarray (DMA), as a unique high-throughput platform, can avoid cross-contamination and reduce the consumption of materials which is inherently suitable for coating research yet is difficult to apply with coating materials via traditional methods. Here, we bring up a facile method based on ultrasonic spray deposition to integrate coating materials into a DMA. Several common polymer materials were selected to fabricate a DMA, and the obtained DMA showed the ability to anchor water droplets and form specific patterns. Coating arrays with a typical sandwich structure were also prepared for the high-throughput screening of drug-eluting coatings to demonstrate the potential of the platform in coating research. This developed method is efficient and compatible and enriches the choices of materials that can be applied in DMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Yunfan Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Junjie Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Kefeng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - A Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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11
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Zhao X, Ou G, Lei M, Zhang Y, Li L, Ge A, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu BF. Rapid generation of hybrid biochemical/mechanical cues in heterogeneous droplets for high-throughput screening of cellular responses. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2691-2701. [PMID: 34165109 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells in their native microenvironment are subjected to varying combinations of biochemical cues and mechanical cues in a wide range. Although many signaling pathways have been found to be responsive for extracellular cues, little is known about how biochemical cues crosstalk with mechanical cues in a complex microenvironment. Here, we introduced heterogeneous droplets on a microchip, which were rapidly assembled by combining wettability-patterned microchip and programmed droplet manipulations, for a high-throughput cell screening of the varying combinations of biochemical cues and mechanical cues. This platform constructed a heterogeneous droplet/microgel array with orthogonal gradual chemicals and materials, which was further applied to analyze the cellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to varying combinations of Wnt ligands and substrate stiffness. Thus, this device provides a powerful multiplexed bioassay platform for drug development, tissue engineering, and stem cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Gaozhi Ou
- School of Sports, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengcheng Lei
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Lina Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Anle Ge
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yachao Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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12
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Liao CC, Chen YZ, Lin SJ, Cheng HW, Wang JK, Wang YL, Han YY, Huang NT. A microfluidic microwell device operated by the automated microfluidic control system for surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113483. [PMID: 34246896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious public health issue worldwide. Timely and effective antibiotics for controlling infection are crucial towards patient outcomes. However, the current culture-based methods of identifying bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) remain labor-intensive and time-consuming, and are unable to provide early support to physicians in critical hours. To improve the effectiveness of early antibiotic therapy, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, has been used in bacterial detection and AST based on its high specificity and label-free features. To simplify sample preparation steps in SERS-AST, we proposed an automated microfluidic control system to integrate all required procedures into a single device. Our preliminary results demonstrated the system can achieve on-chip reagent replacement, bacteria trapping, and buffer exchange. Finally, in-situ SERS-AST was performed within 3.5 h by loading isolates of ampicilin susceptible and resistant E. coli and clear discrimination of two strains under antibiotic treatment was demonstrated. Overall, our system can standardize and simplify the SERS-AST protocol and implicate parallel bacterial detection. This prototypical integration demonstrates timely microbiological support to optimize early antibiotic therapy for fighting bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zih Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST) and Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Kai Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Trauma, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Azizi M, Nguyen AV, Dogan B, Zhang S, Simpson KW, Abbaspourrad A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in a Rapid Single Test via an Egg-like Multivolume Microchamber-Based Microfluidic Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19581-19592. [PMID: 33884865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast determination of antimicrobial agents' effectiveness (susceptibility/resistance pattern) is an essential diagnostic step for treating bacterial infections and stopping world-wide outbreaks. Here, we report an egg-like multivolume microchamber-based microfluidic (EL-MVM2) platform, which is used to produce a wide range of gradient-based antibiotic concentrations quickly (∼10 min). The EL-MVM2 platform works based upon testing a bacterial suspension in multivolume microchambers (microchamber sizes that range from a volume of 12.56 to 153.86 nL). Antibiotic molecules from a stock solution diffuse into the microchambers of various volumes at the same loading rate, leading to different concentrations among the microchambers. Therefore, we can quickly and easily produce a robust antibiotic gradient-based concentration profile. The EL-MVM2 platform's diffusion (loading) pattern was investigated for different antibiotic drugs using both computational fluid dynamics simulations and experimental approaches. With an easy-to-follow protocol for sample loading and operation, the EL-MVM2 platform was also found to be of high precision with respect to predicting the susceptibility/resistance outcome (>97%; surpassing the FDA-approval criterion for technology-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing instruments). These features indicate that the EL-MVM2 is an effective, time-saving, and precise alternative to conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing platforms currently being used in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Azizi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ann V Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Belgin Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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14
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Azizi M, Davaji B, Nguyen AV, Zhang S, Dogan B, Simpson KW, Abbaspourrad A. Gradient-Based Microfluidic Platform for One Single Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1560-1571. [PMID: 33851833 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem, necessitating rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to enable effective in-clinic diagnostic testing and treatment. Conventional AST using broth microdilution or the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion are time-consuming (e.g., 24-72 h), labor-intensive, and costly and consume reagents. Here, we propose a novel gradient-based microchamber microfluidic (GM2) platform to perform AST assay for a wide range of antibiotic concentrations plus zero (positive control) and maximum (negative control) concentrations all in a single test. Antibiotic lateral diffusion within enriched to depleted (Cmax and zero, respectively) cocurrent flowing fluids, moving alongside a micron-sized main channel, is led to form an antibiotic concentration profile in microchambers, connected to the depleted side of the main channel. We examined the tunability of the GM2 platform, in terms of producing a wide range of antibiotic concentrations in a gradient mode between two consecutive microchambers with changing either the loading fluids' flow rates or their initial concentrations. We also tested the GM2 platform for profiling bacteria associated with human Crohn's disease and bovine mastitis. Time to result for performing a complete AST assay was ∼ 3-4 h in the GM2 platform. Lastly, the GM2 platform tracked the bacterial growth independent of an antibiotic mechanism of action or bacterial species in a robust and easy-to-implement fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Azizi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Benyamin Davaji
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Philips Hall, Ithaca, New York 8 14853, United States
| | - Ann V. Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Belgin Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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15
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Perebikovsky A, Liu Y, Hwu A, Kido H, Shamloo E, Song D, Monti G, Shoval O, Gussin D, Madou M. Rapid sample preparation for detection of antibiotic resistance on a microfluidic disc platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:534-545. [PMID: 33393956 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are critical in combating the antimicrobial resistance epidemic. While new, alternative technologies are capable of rapidly identifying antibiotic resistance, traditional AST methods, where a patient sample is incubated with different antibiotics, remain the most reliable and practical in determining antibiotic effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate a novel sample incubation technique on a microfluidic centrifugal disc (CD) as a proof of concept automated sample processing platform for AST. By using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a marker for cell growth, we demonstrated that incubation on the microfluidic CD was enhanced (>1.6 fold) for 11 out of 14 clinically relevant isolates of Escherichia coli compared to traditional shaker incubators. Finally, we utilize the system to identify antibiotic resistance of 11 E. coli isolates incubated with 5 different antibiotics in under 2 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perebikovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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16
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Lee WB, Chien CC, You HL, Kuo FC, Lee MS, Lee GB. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests on an integrated microfluidic device for precision medicine of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112890. [PMID: 33349537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an integrated microfluidic device that was capable of executing rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests with one, two, or even three antibiotics against two clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains (including carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteria were automatically mixed for 10 min with serially diluted antibiotics with a novel, membrane-type micromixer consisting of two circular micropumps, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were then determined via simple colorimetric reactions in only 4.5-6 h using only 3 μL of bacteria sample of each reaction (as opposed to 24 h and 50 μL, respectively, with the conventional broth micro-dilution method). In addition to determining MICs of antibiotics (ceftazidime, gentamicin, meropenem, vancomycin and linezolid), interaction effects across antibiotics combinations (gentamicin/meropenem or ceftazidime/gentamicin/meropenem) at different dosages were explored. The efficacy of polypharmacy showed additivity when gentamicin or ceftazidime/gentamicin were combined with meropenem to treat carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. This represents the first time that the perplexing clinical decision to choose multiple antibiotics for combination therapy against drug resistant bacteria can be realized on an integrated microfluidic device within 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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17
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Berlanda SF, Breitfeld M, Dietsche CL, Dittrich PS. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:311-331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Berlanda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Breitfeld
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudius L. Dietsche
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Park J, Destgeer G, Afzal M, Sung HJ. Acoustofluidic generation of droplets with tunable chemical concentrations. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3922-3929. [PMID: 33026382 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00803f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic control of the chemical concentration within droplets is required in numerous droplet microfluidic applications. Here, we propose an acoustofluidic method for the generation of a library of aqueous droplets with the desired chemical concentrations in a continuous oil phase. Surface acoustic waves produced by a focused interdigital transducer interact with two parallel laminar streams with different chemical compositions. Coupling the acoustic waves with the flow streams results in the controlled acoustofluidic mixing of the aqueous solutions through the formation of acoustic streaming flow-induced microvortices. The mixed streams are split at a bifurcation, and one of the streams with a precisely controlled chemical concentration is fed into a T-junction to produce droplets with tunable chemical concentrations. The periodic acoustofluidic mixing of the aqueous streams enables the generation of a droplet library with a well-defined inter-droplet concentration gradient. The proposed method is a promising tool for the on-chip dynamic control of in-droplet chemical concentrations and for next-generation droplet microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea. and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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19
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Huang HK, Cheng HW, Liao CC, Lin SJ, Chen YZ, Wang JK, Wang YL, Huang NT. Bacteria encapsulation and rapid antibiotic susceptibility test using a microfluidic microwell device integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2520-2528. [PMID: 32542276 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) is a general laboratory procedure for bacterial identification and characterization and can be utilized to determine effective antimicrobials for individual patients. Due to the low bacterial concentration, conventional AST usually requires a prolonged bacterial culture time and a labor-intensive sample pretreatment process. Therefore, it cannot perform timely diagnosis or treatment, which results in a high mortality rate for seriously infected patients. To address this problem, we developed a microfluidic microwell device integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, or the so called the Microwell-SERS system, to enable a rapid and high-throughput AST. Our results show that the Microwell-SERS system can successfully encapsulate bacteria in a miniaturized microwell with a greatly increased effective bacteria concentration, resulting in a shorter bacterial culture time. By attaching a microchannel onto the microwell, a smooth liquid and air exchange can purify the surrounding buffer and isolate bacteria in an individual microwell for independent SERS measurement. For proof-of-concept, we demonstrated a 2 h AST on susceptible and resistant E. coli and S. aureus with a concentration of 103 CFU mL-1 in the Microwell-SERS system, whereas the previous SERS-AST method required 108 CFU mL-1 bacterial suspension droplets dispensing on a SERS substrate. Based on the above features, we envision that the Microwell-SERS system could achieve highly sensitive, label-free, bacteria detection and rapid AST to enable timely and accurate bacterial infection disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Kang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Mo SJ, Lee JH, Kye HG, Lee JM, Kim EJ, Geum D, Sun W, Chung BG. A microfluidic gradient device for drug screening with human iPSC-derived motoneurons. Analyst 2020; 145:3081-3089. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic gradient device to utilize as a drug screening system with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy
- Brain Korea 21 Program
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyeon Gi Kye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | | | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy
- Brain Korea 21 Program
- Korea University College of Medicine
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Korea
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21
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Sun J, Warden AR, Ding X. Recent advances in microfluidics for drug screening. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:061503. [PMID: 31768197 PMCID: PMC6870548 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With ever increasing drug resistance and emergence of new diseases, demand for new drug development is at an unprecedented urgency. This fact has led to extensive recent efforts to develop new drugs and novel techniques for efficient drug screening. However, new drug development is commonly hindered by cost and time span. Thus, developing more accessible, cost-effective methods for drug screening is necessary. Compared with conventional drug screening methods, a microfluidic-based system has superior advantages in sample consumption, reaction time, and cost of the operation. In this paper, the advantages of microfluidic technology in drug screening as well as the critical factors for device design are described. The strategies and applications of microfluidics for drug screening are reviewed. Moreover, current limitations and future prospects for a drug screening microdevice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for
Personalized Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Antony R. Warden
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for
Personalized Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for
Personalized Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200030, China
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22
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Lee WB, Chien CC, You HL, Kuo FC, Lee MS, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with antibiotic combination. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2699-2708. [PMID: 31328212 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polypharmacy is routinely administered to fight severe infections, though it has led to rampant multi-drug resistance in many bacterial strains. Preferably, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) would be carried out prior to antibiotic prescription, though it is generally thought to be too complex and labor-intensive. In order to assist clinicians with better antibiotic administration for the effective treatment of bacterial infections, an integrated microfluidic system (IMS) capable of automating AST for 1-2 antibiotics against clinical bacterial pathogens was developed herein. Accurate determination of the minimum and fractional inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, gentamicin, and linezolid were determined by assaying growth of two clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates via a colorimetric assay on-chip. By applying various antibiotic combinations against a single pathogen in multiple chambers, the IMS could identify the optimal drug combination and the minimum effective dosage by evaluating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. This IMS possessed several advantages over conventional methods, including (1) a 50% reduction in bacterial sample and reagent volume (<50 μL per well), (2) less potential for human error due to its automatic nature, (3) faster liquid manipulation time by integrating the microfluidic components rather than labor-intensive process, and (4) straightforward result interpretation via colorimetric change instead of turbidity degree. Personalized medicine for treatment of bacterial infections may therefore be realized using this IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan and Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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