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Hawash M, Ergun SG, Kahraman DC, Olgac A, Hamel E, Cetin-Atalay R, Baytas SN. Novel Indole-Pyrazole Hybrids as Potential Tubulin-Targeting Agents; Synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation, and molecular modeling studies. J Mol Struct 2023; 1285:135477. [PMID: 37234266 PMCID: PMC10208593 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Structurally diverse indole-3-pyrazole-5-carboxamide analogues (10-29) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines (Huh7, MCF-7, and HCT116) using the sulforhodamine B assay. Some of the derivatives showed anticancer activities equal to or better than sorafenib against cancer cell lines. Compounds 18 showed potent activity against the hepatocellular cancer (HCC) cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 0.6-2.9 μM. Compound 18 also exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 19 μM). Flow cytometric analysis of cultured cells treated with 18 also demonstrated that the compound caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in both Huh7 and Mahlavu cells and induced apoptotic cell death in HCC cells. Docking simulations were performed to determine possible modes of interaction between 18 and the colchicine site of tubulin and quantum mechanical calculations were performed to observe the electronic nature of 18 and to support docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, 00970, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sezen Guntekin Ergun
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cansen Kahraman
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Olgac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Nacak Baytas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang S, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Wang ZC, Wu YZ, Zhang XP, Yi C. Current development of pyrazole-azole hybrids with anticancer potential. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1527-1548. [PMID: 37610862 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a critical treatment modality for cancer patients, but multidrug resistance remains one of the major challenges in cancer therapy, creating an urgent need for the development of novel potent chemical entities. Azoles, particularly pyrazole, could interact with different biological targets and exhibit diverse biological properties including anticancer activity. Many clinically used anticancer agents own an azole moiety, demonstrating that azoles are privileged and pivotal templates in the discovery of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics. The present article is an attempt to highlight the recent advances in pyrazole-azole hybrids with anticancer potential and discuss the structure-activity relationships, covering articles published from 2018 to present, to facilitate the rational design of more effective anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yun Ye
- Technical Review Center for Administrative Licensing, Hubei Provincial Administration for Market Regulation, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Zi-Chen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yi-Zhe Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Pu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Chuan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
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Ayman R, Radwan AM, Elmetwally AM, Ammar YA, Ragab A. Discovery of novel pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-1 and COX-2) using molecular modeling simulation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200395. [PMID: 36336646 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Searching for effective and selective anti-inflammatory agents, our study involved designing and synthesizing new pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 4-11. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. Virtual screening was achieved for the newly designed derivatives using in silico docking simulation inside the active sites of four proteins classified as two cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 (PDB: 3KK6 and 4OIZ) and two COX-2 (PBD: 1CX2 and 3LN1). Among them, six derivatives 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 7b, and 10b displayed the highest binding energy. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities and their selectivity indexes were calculated. Additionally, these derivatives displayed IC50 values ranging between 4.909 ± 0.25 and 57.53 ± 2.91 µM, and 3.289 ± 0.14 and 124 ± 5.32 µM, against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Furthermore, the tested derivatives were found to have selective inhibitory activity on the COX-2 enzyme. Surprisingly, the two pyrazole derivatives 4c and 5b were found to be the most active, with IC50 values of 9.835 ± 0.50 and 4.909 ± 0.25 µM and 4.597 ± 0.20 and 3.289 ± 0.14 µM compared with meloxicam (1.879 ± 0.1 and 5.409 ± 0.23 µM) and celecoxib (5.439 ± 0.28 and 2.164 ± 0.09 µM) against COX-1/-2, respectively. Besides, two pyrazole derivatives, 4c and 5b, displayed a COX-1/COX-2 SI of 2.14 and 1.49. Computational techniques such as molecular docking, density function theory (DFT) calculation, and chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity evaluation were applied to explain the molecules' binding mode, chemical nature, drug likeness, and toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Ayman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Hawash M, Qaoud MT, Jaradat N, Abdallah S, Issa S, Adnan N, Hoshya M, Sobuh S, Hawash Z. Anticancer Activity of Thiophene Carboxamide Derivatives as CA-4 Biomimetics: Synthesis, Biological Potency, 3D Spheroid Model, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:247. [PMID: 36546947 PMCID: PMC9775471 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize thiophene carboxamide derivatives, which are considered biomimetics of the anticancer medication Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), and compare the similarity in the polar surface area (PSA) between the novel series and CA-4. Our results showed that the PSA of the most synthesized structures was biomimetic to CA-4, and similar chemical and biological properties were observed against Hep3B cancer cell line. Among the synthesized series 2b and 2e compounds were the most active molecules on Hep3B (IC50 = 5.46 and 12.58 µM, respectively). The 3D results revealed that both 2b and 2e structures confuse the surface of Hep3B cancer cell lines' spheroid formation and force these cells to aggregate into a globular-shaped spheroid. The 2b and 2e showed a comparable interaction pattern to that observed for CA-4 and colchicine within the tubulin-colchicine-binding pocket. The thiophene ring, due to holding a high aromaticity character, participated critically in that observed interaction profile and showed additional advanced interactions over CA-4. The 2b and 2e tubulin complexes showed optimal dynamics trajectories within a time scale of 100 ns at 300 K temperature, which asserts their high stability and compactness. Together, these findings revealed the biomimetic role of 2b and 2e compounds in CA-4 in preventing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed T. Qaoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Samer Abdallah
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Shahd Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Nawal Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Marah Hoshya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Zafer Hawash
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
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Mohsin NUA, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Irfan M, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a Target of Anticancer Agents: A Review of Novel Synthesized Scaffolds Having Anticancer and COX-2 Inhibitory Potentialities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121471. [PMID: 36558921 PMCID: PMC9783503 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious threat to human beings and is the second-largest cause of death all over the globe. Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer; however, drug resistance and severe adverse effects are major problems associated with anticancer therapy. New compounds with multi-target inhibitory properties are targeted to surmount these challenges. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in cancers of the pancreas, breast, colorectal, stomach, and lung carcinoma. Therefore, COX-2 is considered a significant target for the synthesis of new anticancer agents. This review discusses the biological activity of recently prepared dual anticancer and COX-2 inhibitory agents. The most important intermolecular interactions with the COX-2 enzyme have also been presented. Analysis of these agents in the active area of the COX-2 enzyme could guide the introduction of new lead compounds with extreme selectivity and minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.E.A.Z.)
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Hawash M, Jaradat N, Eid AM, Abubaker A, Mufleh O, Al-Hroub Q, Sobuh S. Synthesis of novel isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives as promising agents for melanoma and targeted nano-emulgel conjugate for improved cellular permeability. BMC Chem 2022; 16:47. [PMID: 35751124 PMCID: PMC9229817 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most dangerous and widespread diseases in the world today and it has risen to the position of the leading cause of death around the globe in the last few decades. Due to the inherent resistance of many types of cancer to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is vital to develop innovative anticancer medications. Recently, a strategy based on nanotechnology has been used to improve the effectiveness of both old and new cancer drugs. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to design and synthesize a series of phenyl-isoxazole-Carboxamide derivatives, evaluate their anticancer properties, and improve the permeability of potent compounds into cancer cells by using a nano-emulgel strategy. METHODS The coupling reaction of aniline derivatives and isoxazole-Carboxylic acid was used to synthesize a series of isoxazole-Carboxamide derivatives. IR, HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy techniques, characterized all the synthesized compounds. The in-vitro cytotoxic evaluation was performed by using the MTS assay against seven cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B and HepG2), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma (B16F1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and colon adenocarcinoma (Colo205), as well as human hepatic stellate (LX-2) in addition to the normal cell line (Hek293T). A nano-emulgel was developed for the most potent compound, using a self-emulsifying technique. RESULTS All synthesized compounds were found to have potent to moderate activities against B16F1, Colo205, and HepG2 cancer cell lines. The results revealed that the 2a compound has broad spectrum activity against B16F1, Colo205, HepG2, and HeLa cancer cell lines with an IC50 range of 7.55-40.85 µM. Moreover, compound 2e was the most active compound against B16F1 with an IC50 of 0.079 µM compared with Dox (IC50 = 0.056 µM). Nanoemulgel was used to increase the potency of the 2e molecule against this cancer cell line, and the IC50 was reduced to 0.039 µM. The antifibrotic activities were investigated against the LX-2 cell line, and it was found that our synthesized molecules showed better antifibrotic activities at 1 µM than 5-FU, and the cell viability values were 67 and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a 2e nano-formalized compound is a potential and promising anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad M Eid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Abubaker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ola Mufleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Qusay Al-Hroub
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Design and synthesis of novel substituted indole-acrylamide derivatives and evaluation of their anti-cancer activity as potential tubulin-targeting agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Priya D, Gopinath P, Dhivya LS, Vijaybabu A, Haritha M, Palaniappan S, Kathiravan MK. Structural Insights into Pyrazoles as Agents against Anti‐inflammatory and Related Disorders. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deivasigamani Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry SRM College of Pharmacy SRMIST Kattankulathur India
| | | | | | - Anandan Vijaybabu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry SRM College of Pharmacy SRMIST Kattankulathur India
| | - Manoharan Haritha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry SRM College of Pharmacy SRMIST Kattankulathur India
| | | | - Muthu K. Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry SRM College of Pharmacy SRMIST Kattankulathur India
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry SRM College of Pharmacy SRMIST Kattankulathur India
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Hawash M, Kahraman DC, Ergun SG, Cetin-Atalay R, Baytas SN. Synthesis of novel indole-isoxazole hybrids and evaluation of their cytotoxic activities on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. BMC Chem 2021; 15:66. [PMID: 34930409 PMCID: PMC8691034 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is predicted to be the sixth most diagnosed cancer globally and fourth leading cause of cancer deaths. In this study, a series of indole-3-isoxazole-5-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities. The chemical structures of these of final compounds and intermediates were characterized by using IR, HRMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and element analysis. RESULTS The cytotoxic activity was performed against Huh7, MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines using sulforhodamine B assay. Some compounds showed potent anticancer activities and three of them were chosen for further evaluation on liver cancer cell lines based on SRB assay and real-time cell growth tracking analysis. Compounds were shown to cause arrest in the G0/G1 phase in Huh7 cells and caused a significant decrease in CDK4 levels. A good correlation was obtained between the theoretical predictions of bioavailability using Molinspiration calculation, Lipinski's rule of five, and experimental verification. These investigations reveal that indole-isoxazole hybrid system have the potential for the development of novel anticancer agents. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided data that will form the basis of further studies that aim to optimize both the design and synthesis of novel compounds that have higher anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Deniz Cansen Kahraman
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sezen Guntekin Ergun
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sultan Nacak Baytas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sharma V, Bhatia P, Alam O, Javed Naim M, Nawaz F, Ahmad Sheikh A, Jha M. Recent advancement in the discovery and development of COX-2 inhibitors: Insight into biological activities and SAR studies (2008–2019). Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abdelall EK, Lamie PF, Ahmed AK, EL-Nahass ELS. COX-1/COX-2 inhibition assays and histopathological study of the new designed anti-inflammatory agent with a pyrazolopyrimidine core. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:235-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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El-Shoukrofy MS, Abd El Razik HA, AboulWafa OM, Bayad AE, El-Ashmawy IM. Pyrazoles containing thiophene, thienopyrimidine and thienotriazolopyrimidine as COX-2 selective inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, docking and in silico chemo-informatic studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:541-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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