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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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2
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Cieślak M, Danel T, Krzysztyńska-Kuleta O, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J. Machine learning accelerates pharmacophore-based virtual screening of MAO inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8228. [PMID: 38589405 PMCID: PMC11369158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, an efficient and robust virtual screening procedure is crucial in the drug discovery process, especially when performed on large and chemically diverse databases. Virtual screening methods, like molecular docking and classic QSAR models, are limited in their ability to handle vast numbers of compounds and to learn from scarce data, respectively. In this study, we introduce a universal methodology that uses a machine learning-based approach to predict docking scores without the need for time-consuming molecular docking procedures. The developed protocol yielded 1000 times faster binding energy predictions than classical docking-based screening. The proposed predictive model learns from docking results, allowing users to choose their preferred docking software without relying on insufficient and incoherent experimental activity data. The methodology described employs multiple types of molecular fingerprints and descriptors to construct an ensemble model that further reduces prediction errors and is capable of delivering highly precise docking score values for monoamine oxidase ligands, enabling faster identification of promising compounds. An extensive pharmacophore-constrained screening of the ZINC database resulted in a selection of 24 compounds that were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. A preliminary screen discovered weak inhibitors of MAO-A with a percentage efficiency index close to a known drug at the lowest tested concentration. The approach presented here can be successfully applied to other biological targets as target-specific knowledge is not incorporated at the screening phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cieślak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Computational Chemistry Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Danel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 6, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
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3
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Deng L, Shi L, Ye X. The culprit of uncontrolled hypertension: A case of monoamine oxidase inhibitor and clonidine interaction. Rev Port Cardiol 2024; 43:223-224. [PMID: 37923247 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Ye
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Oyovwi MO, Ben-Azu B, Falajiki FY, Onome OB, Rotu RA, Rotu RA, Oyeleke AA, Okwute GP, Moke EG. D-ribose-L-cysteine exhibits restorative neurobehavioral functions through modulation of neurochemical activities and inhibition oxido-inflammatory perturbations in rats exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:931-945. [PMID: 37542532 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is potentially harmful environmental toxicant causing cognitive decline with depressive features. PCB-induced behavioral deficits are associated with neurochemical dysfunctions, immune changes, and oxidative stress. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC), a neuroprotective precursor element of glutathione on PCB-induced neurobehavioral impairments. Following the initial 15 days of PCB (2 mg/kg) exposure to rats, DRLC (50 mg/kg) was given orally for an additional 15 days, from days 16 to 30. Animals were assessed for behavioral effect such as changes in locomotion, cognition, and depression. Oxidative/nitrergic stress markers; antioxidant regulatory proteins paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfr2), NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and neuroinflammation (NF-kβ, and TNF-α); and neurochemical metabolizing enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A, MAO-B)) were carried out. The PCB-induced decline in locomotion, cognitive performance, and depressive-like features were reversed by DRLC. More specifically, PCB-induced oxidative and nitrergic stress, typified by reduced levels GSH, CAT, and SOD, accompanied by elevated MDA and nitrite were attenuated by DRLC. Additionally, DRLC restored the neuroinflammatory milieu indicated by decreased NF-kβ and TNF-α levels toward normal. Hyperactivities of AChE, MAO-A, MAO-B, PON-1, and NOX-1 levels as well as Nfr2, NQO1, and PON-1 due to PCB exposure were mitigated by DLRC. Our results suggest DRLC as a prospective neurotherapeutic agent against PCB-induced neurobehavioral impairments such as cognitive deficit and depressive-like feature through antioxidative and anti-nitrergic stress, anti-neuroinflammation, inhibition of brain metabolizing enzymes, and normalization of neurochemical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mega O Oyovwi
- Department of Human Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Faith Y Falajiki
- Department of Human Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oghenetega B Onome
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Rume A Rotu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rotu A Rotu
- Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Management, School of Maritime Technology, Burutu, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Abioye A Oyeleke
- Department of Physiology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Godwin P Okwute
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emuesiri G Moke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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5
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Mathew B, Ravichandran V, Raghuraman S, Rangarajan TM, Abdelgawad MA, Ahmad I, Patel HM, Kim H. Two dimensional-QSAR and molecular dynamics studies of a selected class of aldoxime- and hydroxy-functionalized chalcones as monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9256-9266. [PMID: 36411738 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2146198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Candidates generated from unsaturated ketone (chalcone) demonstrated as strong, reversible and specific monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity. For the research on MAO-B inhibition, our team has synthesized and evaluated a panel of aldoxime-chalcone ethers (ACE) and hydroxylchalcones (HC). The MAO-B inhibitory activity of several candidates is in the micro- to nanomolar range in these series. The purpose of this research was to develop predictive QSAR models and look into the relation between MAO-B inhibition by aldoxime and hydroxyl-functionalized chalcones. It was shown that the molecular descriptors ETA Shape P, MDEO-12, ETA dBetaP, SpMax1 Bhi and ETA EtaP B are significant in the inhibitory action of the MAO-B target. Using the current 2D QSAR models, potential chalcone-based MAO-B inhibitors might be created. The lead molecules were further analyzed by the detailed molecular dynamics study to establish the stability of the ligand-enzyme complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | | | - Seenivasan Raghuraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Unity College of Pharmacy, Bhongir, Telangana, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun M Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wufuer D, Aierken H, Liang Z, Zheng JP, Li L. Association between comorbid asthma and depression and depression-related gene SNPs. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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8-Amide and 8-carbamate substitution patterns as modulators of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin's antidepressant profile: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115091. [PMID: 36638711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Currently available treatments may help to improve symptoms, but they cannot cure the diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for potent and safe therapeutic solutions. 8-Amide and 8-carbamatecoumarins were synthetized and evaluated as human monoamine oxidase A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitors. Comparison between both scaffolds has been established, and we hypothesized that the introduction of different substituents can modulate hMAO activity and selectivity. N-(7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)-4-methylbenzamide (9) and ethyl N-(7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-yl)carbamate (20) proved to be the most active and selective hMAO-A inhibitors (IC50 = 15.0 nM and IC50 = 22.0 nM, respectively), being compound 9 an irreversible hMAO-A inhibitor twenty-four times more active in vitro than moclobemide, a drug used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Based on PAMPA assay results, both compounds proved to be good candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition, these compounds showed non-significant cytotoxicity on neuronal viability assays. Also, the best compound proved to have a t1/2 of 6.84 min, an intrinsic clearance of 195.63 μL min-1 mg-1 protein, and to be chemically stable at pH 3.0, 7.4 and 10.0. Docking studies were performed to better understand the binding affinities and selectivity profiles for both hMAO isoforms. Finally, theoretical drug-like properties calculations corroborate the potential of both scaffolds on the search for new therapeutic solutions for psychiatric disorders as depression.
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8
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Mettai M, Daoud I, Mesli F, Kenouche S, Melkemi N, Kherachi R, Belkadi A. Molecular docking/dynamics simulations, MEP analysis, bioisosteric replacement and ADME/T prediction for identification of dual targets inhibitors of Parkinson's disease with novel scaffold. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36687301 PMCID: PMC9852416 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B and Adenosine A2A receptors are used as key targets for Parkinson's disease. Recently, hMAO-B and hA2AR Dual-targets inhibitory potential of a novel series of Phenylxanthine derivatives has been established in experimental findings. Hence, the current study examines the interactions between 38 compounds of this series with hMAO-B and hA2AR targets using different molecular modeling techniques to investigate the binding mode and stability of the formed complexes. A molecular docking study revealed that the compounds L24 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl) phenyl) acrylamide and L32 ((E)-3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N-(3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)phenyl)acrylamide) had a high affinity (S-score: -10.160 and -7.344 kcal/mol) with the pocket of hMAO-B and hA2AR targets respectively, and the stability of the studied complexes was confirmed during MD simulations. Also, the MEP maps of compounds 24 and 32 were used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack regions. Moreover, the bioisosteric replacement approach was successfully applied to design two new analogs of each compound with similar biological activities and low energy scores. Furthermore, ADME-T and Drug-likeness results revealed the promising pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Thus, compounds L24, L32, and their analogs can undergo further analysis and optimization in order to design new lead compounds with higher efficacy toward Parkinson's disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00139-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merzaka Mettai
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ismail Daoud
- Department of Matter Sciences, University Mohamed Khider, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-actives Substances, Faculty of Science, Tlemcen University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, University of Mohamed Khider, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Melkemi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Rania Kherachi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahlem Belkadi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
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9
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Abstract
MAO activity measurement can be monitored by direct peroxidase-free assays following different spectroscopy methods. Typically, these are assays that follow the conversion of different MAO substrates into its corresponding products monitored in either absorbance or fluorescence. Herein, we describe the assays for enzyme activity assessment with MAO B and particularly the MAO A substrate kynuramine, as well as the MAO B substrate benzylamine. Moreover, we also describe MAO activity determination using the tertiary amine substrate allyl amine 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MMTP). These are very useful methods for the investigation of MAO inhibitory activity by molecules known to be HRP-interfering. In the present chapter we demonstrate the application of these methods in MAO activity and Michaelis-Menten curve determinations as well as inhibitory activity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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10
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Reis J, Binda C. The Peroxidase-Coupled Assay to Measure MAO Enzymatic Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:23-34. [PMID: 36169853 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MAO activity measurement is generally performed following different spectroscopy methods, in most cases using peroxidase as a coupled reaction catalyst. In the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the assay follows the oxidation of the typical MAO substrate (aromatic amines) which generates hydrogen peroxide as a secondary product. There are several chromogens and fluorogens that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, are converted by HRP to detectable products. In the present chapter we describe the spectrophotometric 4-aminoantipyrine assay as well as the fluorogenic assay with the Amplex® Red chemical probe. These methods are applied on MAO activity and Michaelis-Menten curve determinations as well as inhibitory activity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Pisani L, de Candia M, Rullo M, Altomare CD. Hansch-Type QSAR Models for the Rational Design of MAO Inhibitors: Basic Principles and Methodology. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:207-220. [PMID: 36169866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hansch-type regression analysis enables the derivation of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) equations correlating bioactivity data with physicochemical parameters accounting for hydrophobicity, electronic properties, and steric effects of molecules or functional groups (substituents). Two datasets of MAO A and B inhibitors were enrolled in prototypical workflows employing multiparametric stepwise regression analysis, which includes linear and nonlinear (generally quadratic) terms. The optimal choice of variables (and/or combinations thereof) along with statistical validation yielded two robust equations describing MAO B potency and B/A selectivity, which included three and one parameter(s), respectively, and explained more than 80% of y-variance (r2) with low standard deviation (s) and good statistical significance (F, Fisher value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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12
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Ramsay RR. MAO Visible Spectroscopy for Ligand Interactions, Redox Chemistry, and Kinetics of Irreversible Inhibition. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:63-74. [PMID: 36169856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The covalently bound FAD cofactor in monoamine oxidase (MAO) is reduced by the amine substrate and reoxidized by oxygen. Visible spectroscopy provides a convenient tool to study the interaction of ligands and the kinetics of the half-reactions for mechanistic investigations. Equilibrium redox titrations allow measurement of redox potentials, while rapid mixing experiments allow determination of the rate of reduction by different substrates and of covalent adduct formation by irreversible inactivators. Three techniques are described: (1) measuring ligand interactions by alterations in the spectrum, especially at 495 nm; (2) reducing MAO, including the essentials for anaerobic procedures; and (3) studying kinetics of reduction, reoxidation, or inactivation of MAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.
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13
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Nouraliei M, Javadian H, Mehdizadeh K, Sheibanian N, Douk AS, Mohamadzade F, Osouleddini N. Fullerene carbon nanostructures for the delivery of phenelzine derivatives as new drugs to inhibit monoamine oxidase enzyme: Molecular docking interactions and density functional theory calculations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Yamada M, Hirose Y, Lin B, Fumimoto M, Nunomura K, Natchanun S, Takahashi N, Ohki Y, Sako M, Murai K, Harada K, Arai M, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Haruta J, Arisawa M. Design, Synthesis, and Monoamine Oxidase B Selective Inhibitory Activity of N-Arylated Heliamine Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1582-1590. [PMID: 36262392 PMCID: PMC9575162 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes monoamines such as dopamine regarding neural transmission and controls its level in the mammalian's brain. When MAO-B metabolizes dopamine abnormally, normal neurotransmission does not occur, and central nervous system disorders such as Parkinson's disease may develop. Although several MAO inhibitors have been developed, most of them have no selectivity between monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and MAO-B, or they work irreversibly against the enzyme. This report describes the first case of screening of N-arylated heliamine derivatives to develop novel MAO-B selective inhibitors that can be synthesized concisely by microwave-assisted Pd nanoparticle-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination. We discovered that the derivatives 4h, 4i, and 4j display inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.55, 13.5, and 5.08 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Yamada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Hirose
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio
University, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Bangzhong Lin
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Megumi Fumimoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nunomura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Takahashi
- Tokyo
Rikakikai Co. Ltd (Brand: EYELA), TN Koishikawa Bldg, 1-15-17 Koishikawa Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0002, Japan
| | - Yuuta Ohki
- Tokyo
Rikakikai Co. Ltd (Brand: EYELA), TN Koishikawa Bldg, 1-15-17 Koishikawa Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0002, Japan
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Arai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayo Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio
University, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio
University, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Junichi Haruta
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Bhawna, Kumar A, Bhatia M, Kapoor A, Kumar P, Kumar S. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: A concise review with special emphasis on structure activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114655. [PMID: 36037788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase enzyme is necessary for the management of brain functions. It oxidatively metabolizes monoamines and produces ammonia, aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide as by-products. Excessive production of by-products of monoamine metabolism generates free radicals which cause cellular apoptosis and several neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and autism. The inhibition of MAOs is an attractive target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Clinically approved MAO inhibitors for example selegiline, rasagiline, clorgyline, pargyline etc. are irreversible in nature and cause some adverse effects while recently studied reversible MAO inhibitors are devoid of harmful effects of old monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In this review article we have listed various synthesized molecules containing different moieties like coumarin, chalcone, thiazole, thiourea, caffeine, pyrazole, chromone etc. along with their activity, mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Kapoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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16
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel MAO-A Inhibitors Targeting Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092887. [PMID: 35566238 PMCID: PMC9103226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme mediates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger DNA damage and oxidative injury of cells resulting in tumor initiation and progression. Available MAO-A inhibitors are used as antidepressants, however, their role as anticancer agents is still under investigation. Ligand- and structure-based drug design approaches guided the discovery and development of novel MAO-A inhibitors. A series of 1H indole-2-carboxamide derivatives was prepared and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR. The antiproliferative effects of MAO-A inhibitors were evaluated using the cell viability assay (MTT), and MAO-A activity was evaluated using MAO-A activity assay. The presumed inhibitors significantly inhibited the growth of lung cell lines in a dose- and time dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MAO-A inhibitors (S1, S2, S4, S7, and S10) were 33.37, 146.1, 208.99, 307.7, and 147.2 µM, respectively, in A549. Glide docking against MAO-A showed that the derivatives accommodate MAO-A binding cleft and engage with key binding residues. MAO-A inhibitors provide significant and consistent evidence on MAO-A activity in lung cancer and present a potential target for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.
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17
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Yao C, Jiang X, Ye X, Xie T, Bai R. Antidepressant Drug Discovery and Development: Mechanism and Drug Design Based on Small Molecules. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yao
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P.R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 PR China
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18
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Aldoxime- and hydroxy-functionalized chalcones as highly potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Azam S, Park JY, Kim IS, Choi DK. Piperine and Its Metabolite's Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative and Neurological Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:154. [PMID: 35052833 PMCID: PMC8773267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine (PIP) is an active alkaloid of black and long peppers. An increasing amount of evidence is suggesting that PIP and its metabolite's could be a potential therapeutic to intervene different disease conditions including chronic inflammation, cardiac and hepatic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In addition, the omnipresence of PIP in food and beverages made this compound an important investigational material. It has now become essential to understand PIP pharmacology and toxicology to determine its merits and demerits, especially its effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Although several earlier reports documented that PIP has poor pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption, bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier permeability. However, its interaction with metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 superfamily and competitive hydrophobic interaction at Monoamine oxide B (MAO-B) active site have made PIP both a xenobiotics bioenhancer and a potential MAO-B inhibitor. Moreover, recent advancements in pharmaceutical technology have overcome several of PIP's limitations, including bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability, even at low doses. Contrarily, the structure activity relationship (SAR) study of PIP suggesting that its several metabolites are reactive and plausibly responsible for acute toxicity or have pharmacological potentiality. Considering the importance of PIP and its metabolites as an emerging drug target, this study aims to combine the current knowledge of PIP pharmacology and biochemistry with neurodegenerative and neurological disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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20
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Novel Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation as Potential MAO-B Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216640. [PMID: 34771054 PMCID: PMC8587871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MAO-B inhibitors are frequently used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Due to the limited number of compounds available in this field, there is a need to develop new compounds. In the recent works, it was shown that various thiosemicarbazone derivatives show hMAO inhibitory activity in the range of micromolar concentration. It is thought that benzofuran and benzothiophene structures may mimic structures such as indane and indanone, which are frequently found in the structures of such inhibitors. Based on this view, new benzofuran/benzothiophene and thiosemicarbazone hybrid compounds were synthesized, characterized and screened for their hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibitory activity by an in vitro fluorometric method. The compounds including methoxyethyl substituent (2b and 2h) were found to be the most effective agents in the series against MAO-B enzyme with the IC50 value of 0.042 ± 0.002 µM and 0.056 ± 0.002 µM, respectively. The mechanism of hMAO-B inhibition of compounds 2b and 2h was investigated by Lineweaver–Burk graphics. Compounds 2b and 2h were reversible and non-competitive inhibitors with similar inhibition features as the substrates. The Ki values of compounds 2b and 2h were calculated as 0.035 µM and 0.046 µM, respectively, with the help of secondary plots. The docking study of compound 2b and 2h revealed that there is a strong interaction between the active sites of hMAO-B and analyzed compound.
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21
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Aljanabi R, Alsous L, Sabbah DA, Gul HI, Gul M, Bardaweel SK. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) as a Potential Target for Anticancer Drug Design and Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196019. [PMID: 34641563 PMCID: PMC8513016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are oxidative enzymes that catalyze the conversion of biogenic amines into their corresponding aldehydes and ketones through oxidative deamination. Owing to the crucial role of MAOs in maintaining functional levels of neurotransmitters, the implications of its distorted activity have been associated with numerous neurological diseases. Recently, an unanticipated role of MAOs in tumor progression and metastasis has been reported. The chemical inhibition of MAOs might be a valuable therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. In this review, we reported computational approaches exploited in the design and development of selective MAO inhibitors accompanied by their biological activities. Additionally, we generated a pharmacophore model for MAO-A active inhibitors to identify the structural motifs to invoke an activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Aljanabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Lina Alsous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Gul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6535-5000 (ext. 23318)
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22
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Sato Y, Oyobe N, Ogawa T, Suzuki S, Aoyama H, Nakamura T, Fujioka H, Shuto S, Arisawa M. Design, Synthesis, and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of (+)-Cinchonaminone and Its Simplified Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1464-1469. [PMID: 34531955 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The absolute structure of an indole alkaloid (+)-cinchonaminone by total synthesis of both (+)-cinchonaminone and its enantiomer was determined. The main focus of the study was the enantioselective synthesis of both enantiomers of a chiral cis-3,4-disubstituted piperidine. We also evaluated monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities of these enantiomers. Furthermore, its structurally simplified derivatives were synthesized that did not have any chiral center. Two of these derivatives showed stronger MAO inhibitory activities than that of (+)-cinchonaminone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Oyobe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Sayo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
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23
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Abstract
We have structure, a wealth of kinetic data, thousands of chemical ligands and clinical information for the effects of a range of drugs on monoamine oxidase activity in vivo. We have comparative information from various species and mutations on kinetics and effects of inhibition. Nevertheless, there are what seem like simple questions still to be answered. This article presents a brief summary of existing experimental evidence the background and poses questions that remain intriguing for chemists and biochemists researching the chemical enzymology of and drug design for monoamine oxidases (FAD-containing EC 4.1.3.4).
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24
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Effect of Novel Antipsychotics on Energy Metabolism - In Vitro Study in Pig Brain Mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5548-5563. [PMID: 34365585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of mitochondrial effects of novel antipsychotics (brexpiprazole, cariprazine, loxapine, and lurasidone) were studied in vitro in pig brain mitochondria. Selected parameters of mitochondrial metabolism, electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), monoamine oxidase (MAO), mitochondrial respiration, and total ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated and associated with possible adverse effects of drugs. All tested antipsychotics decreased the ETC activities (except for complex IV, which increased in activity after brexpiprazole and loxapine addition). Both complex I- and complex II-linked respiration were dose-dependently inhibited, and significant correlations were found between complex I-linked respiration and both complex I activity (positive correlation) and complex IV activity (negative correlation). All drugs significantly decreased mitochondrial ATP production at higher concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide production was significantly increased at 10 µM brexpiprazole and lurasidone and at 100 µM cariprazine and loxapine. All antipsychotics acted as partial inhibitors of MAO-A, brexpiprazole and loxapine partially inhibited MAO-B. Based on our results, novel antipsychotics probably lacked oxygen uncoupling properties. The mitochondrial effects of novel antipsychotics might contribute on their adverse effects, which are mostly related to decreased ATP production and increased ROS production, while MAO-A inhibition might contribute to their antidepressant effect, and brexpiprazole- and loxapine-induced MAO-B inhibition might likely promote neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. The assessment of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions is important in development of new drugs as well as in the understanding of molecular mechanism of adverse or side drug effects.
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25
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Zengin G, Andronie-Cioara FL, Toma MM, Bungau S, Bumbu AG. Role of Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Alzheimer's Disease: An Insight into the Therapeutic Potential of Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123724. [PMID: 34207264 PMCID: PMC8234097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not being utilized as considerably as other antidepressants in the therapy of depression, the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) proceed to hold a place in neurodegeneration and to have a somewhat broad spectrum in respect of the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Preclinical and clinical studies on MAOIs have been developing in recent times, especially on account of rousing discoveries manifesting that these drugs possess neuroprotective activities. The altered brain levels of monoamine neurotransmitters due to monoamine oxidase (MAO) are directly associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activated MAO induces the amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition via abnormal cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Additionally, activated MAO contributes to the generation of neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive impairment due to neuronal loss. No matter the attention of researchers on the participation of MAOIs in neuroprotection has been on monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, there is a developing frame of proof indicating that monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors may also play a role in neuroprotection. The therapeutic potential of MAOIs alongside the complete understanding of the enzyme’s physiology may lead to the future advancement of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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26
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Koyiparambath VP, Oh JM, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, Nair AS, Nath LR, Gambacorta N, Ciriaco F, Nicolotti O, Kim H, Mathew B. Trimethoxylated Halogenated Chalcones as Dual Inhibitors of MAO-B and BACE-1 for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060850. [PMID: 34201128 PMCID: PMC8226672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Six halogenated trimethoxy chalcone derivatives (CH1-CH6) were synthesized and spectrally characterized. The compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and β-secretase (BACE-1). Six compounds inhibited MAO-B more effectively than MAO-A, and the 2',3',4'-methoxy moiety in CH4-CH6 was more effective for MAO-B inhibition than the 2',4',6'-methoxy moiety in CH1-CH3. Compound CH5 most potently inhibited MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 0.46 µM, followed by CH4 (IC50 = 0.84 µM). In 2',3',4'-methoxy derivatives (CH4-CH6), the order of inhibition was -Br in CH5 > -Cl in CH4 > -F in CH6 at the para-position in ring B of chalcone. CH4 and CH5 were selective for MAO-B, with selectivity index (SI) values of 15.1 and 31.3, respectively, over MAO-A. CH4 and CH5 moderately inhibited BACE-1 with IC50 values of 13.6 and 19.8 µM, respectively. When CH4 and CH5 were assessed for their cell viability studies on the normal African Green Monkey kidney cell line (VERO) using MTT assays, it was noted that both compounds were found to be safe, and only a slightly toxic effect was observed in concentrations above 200 µg/mL. CH4 and CH5 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of VERO cells treated with H2O2, indicating both compounds retained protective effects on the cells by antioxidant activities. All compounds showed high blood brain barrier permeabilities analyzed by a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Molecular docking and ADME prediction of the lead compounds provided more insights into the rationale behind the binding and the CNS drug likeness. From non-test mutagenicity and cardiotoxicity studies, CH4 and CH5 were non-mutagenic and non-/weak-cardiotoxic. These results suggest that CH4 and CH5 could be considered candidates for the cure of neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Payyalot Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box-11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India;
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (B.M.)
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27
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Mani A, Ahamed A, Ali D, Alarifi S, Akbar I. Dopamine-Mediated Vanillin Multicomponent Derivative Synthesis via Grindstone Method: Application of Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Cytotoxic Activities. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:787-802. [PMID: 33654383 PMCID: PMC7914109 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the extent of contribution of dopamine to antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, by dopamine addition to vanillin. This study achieved the synthesis of dopamine-associated vanillin Mannich base derivatives prepared via a one-step reaction involving a green chemistry approach, and investigation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Methods Novel one-pot synthesis of Mannich base dopamine-connected vanillin (1a-l) derivatives can be achieved via green chemistry without using a catalyst. Newly-prepared compounds were characterised with FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. In total, 12 compounds (1a-l) were synthesised and their antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities evaluated. Antioxidant activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and diammonium assays, ABTS•+ radical scavenging, and linoleic acid peroxidation were used to screen all synthesised compounds (1a-l) for anti-tyrosinase activities and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Vero cell lines;. Results The compound 1k inhibited (IC50:11.02µg/mL) the DPPH-scavenging activity to a greater extent than the standard BHT (IC50:25.17µg/mL), and showed high activity in H2O2 and NO scavenging assays. Compound 1e was more potent (96.21%) against ABTS and compound 1k was more potent (95.28%) against 2,2ʹ-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride antioxidant than the standard trolox. All synthesised compounds were screened for anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Compound 1e had higher activity against tyrosinase (IC50=10.63 µg/mL), than kojic acid (IC50=21.52µg/mL), and was more cytotoxic (GI50 0.01µM) against MCF-7 cell line than the doxorubicin standard and other tested compounds. Conclusion In this study, all compounds were found to possess significant antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Compounds 1e and 1k performed well, compared with other compounds, in all assays. In addition, this study successfully identified several promising molecules that exhibited antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunadevi Mani
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti -621007, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anis Ahamed
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idhayadhulla Akbar
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti -621007, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jismy B, El Qami A, Pišlar A, Frlan R, Kos J, Gobec S, Knez D, Abarbri M. Pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives: Selective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase B with neuroprotective activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112911. [PMID: 33071056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse heterotricyclic compounds are recognized as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and thus represent an appealing scaffold in development and optimization of novel MAO inhibitors. Herein we explored the chemical space of pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as MAO inhibitors by preparing a small library of (hetero)aryl derivatives. An efficient synthetic strategy was developed starting from commercially available 1H-indazol-3-amines, which were converted to various 3-bromoheterotricyclic derivatives and further functionalized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Derivatives 4a-t selectively inhibited human MAO-B isoform in a reversible and competitive manner as confirmed by kinetic experiments and docking studies. Selected derivatives were not cytotoxic to neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, analogue 4i protected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death, which confirms the applicability of the pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as potential antiparkinsonian agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour L'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Abdelkarim El Qami
- Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22, BP 146, 28800, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour L'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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Manzoor S, Hoda N. A comprehensive review of monoamine oxidase inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112787. [PMID: 32942081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are mammalian flavoenzyme, which catalyze the oxidative deamination of several neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine, serotonin, and some other amines. The oxidative deamination produces several harmful side products like ammonia, peroxides, and aldehydes during the biochemical reaction. The concentration of biochemical neurotransmitter alteration in the brain by MAO is directly related with several neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated MAO also contributes to the amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation by two successive cleft β-secretase and γ-secretase of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Additionally, activated MAO is also involved in aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive destruction through the cholinergic neuronal damage and disorder of the cholinergic system. MAO inhibition has general anti-Alzheimer's disease effect as a consequence of oxidative stress reduction prompted by MAO enzymes. In this review, we outlined and addressed recent understanding on MAO enzymes such as their structure, physiological function, catalytic mechanism, and possible therapeutic goals in AD. In addition, it also highlights the current development and discovery of potential MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) from various chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Matos MJ, Herrera Ibatá DM, Uriarte E, Viña D. Coumarin-Rasagiline Hybrids as Potent and Selective hMAO-B Inhibitors, Antioxidants, and Neuroprotective Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:532-538. [PMID: 32037726 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The frequency, complexity and morbidity of neurodegenerative diseases make them a great challenge for nowadays medicine. Most of the treatments currently used for Parkinson's disease - the second most prevalent - are only symptomatic. Therefore, it is urgent to develop drugs that are able to act simultaneously on different targets, being able to stop neuronal death and promote the recovery of neuronal populations already affected. In this work, we studied the activity of a series of hybrid molecules, which combine the structure of both coumarin and an alkynylamine group inspired on rasagiline, as MAO inhibitors, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents. Half of the studied hybrids turned out to be selective monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors in the low micro/nanomolar range, demonstrating that positions 3 (compounds 1-3) and 7 (compounds 8 and 10) of the coumarin scaffold are the most suitable for the incorporation of the alkynylamine chain. All the studied compounds proved to be capable of neutralizing free radicals (DPPH). Finally, the 4-(but-2-yn-1-ylamino)coumarin (5) showed neuroprotective effects on glial cells and the 4-methyl-7-(pent-2-yn-1-ylamino)coumarin (8) inhibited intraneuronal ROS production as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Matos
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana M Herrera Ibatá
- Chronic Diseases Pharmacology Group Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Viña
- Chronic Diseases Pharmacology Group Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf on the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression in ICR Mice and Its Possible Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183396. [PMID: 31540539 PMCID: PMC6767234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice with the ethanol extract of Dipterocarpus alatus leaf attenuated anhedonia (increased sucrose preference) and behavioral despair (decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST)). The extract not only decreased the elevation of serum corticosterone level and the index of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, caused by UCMS, but also ameliorated UCMS-induced up-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mRNA expression and down-regulation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNAs in frontal cortex and hippocampus. In vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition assays showed that the extract exhibited the partial selective inhibition on MAO-A. HPLC analysis of the extract showed the presence of flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) as major constituents.
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