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Hernández VM, Arteaga A, Dunn MF. Diversity, properties and functions of bacterial arginases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6308370. [PMID: 34160574 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metalloenzyme arginase hydrolyzes L-arginine to produce L-ornithine and urea. In bacteria, arginase has important functions in basic nitrogen metabolism and redistribution, production of the key metabolic precursor L-ornithine, stress resistance and pathogenesis. We describe the regulation and specific functions of the arginase pathway as well as summarize key characteristics of related arginine catabolic pathways. The use of arginase-derived ornithine as a precursor molecule is reviewed. We discuss the biochemical and transcriptional regulation of arginine metabolism, including arginase, with the latter topic focusing on the RocR and AhrC transcriptional regulators in the model organism Bacillus subtilis. Finally, we consider similarities and contrasts in the structure and catalytic mechanism of the arginases from Bacillus caldovelox and Helicobacter pylori. The overall aim of this review is to provide a panorama of the diversity of physiological functions, regulation, and biochemical features of arginases in a variety of bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Hernández
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Arteaga
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Michael F Dunn
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico
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Ide AA, Hernández VM, Medina-Aparicio L, Carcamo-Noriega E, Girard L, Hernández-Lucas I, Dunn MF. Genetic regulation, biochemical properties and physiological importance of arginase from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Microbiology (Reading) 2020; 166:484-497. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacteria,l-arginine is a precursor of various metabolites and can serve as a source of carbon and/or nitrogen. Arginine catabolism by arginase, which hydrolyzes arginine tol-ornithine and urea, is common in nature but has not been studied in symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. The genome of the alfalfa microsymbiontSinorhizobium meliloti1021 has two genes annotated as arginases,argI1(smc03091) andargI2(sma1711). Biochemical assays with purified ArgI1 and ArgI2 (as 6His-Sumo-tagged proteins) showed that only ArgI1 had detectable arginase activity. A 1021argI1null mutant lacked arginase activity and grew at a drastically reduced rate with arginine as sole nitrogen source. Wild-type growth and arginase activity were restored in theargI1mutant genetically complemented with a genomically integratedargI1gene. In the wild-type, arginase activity andargI1transcription were induced several fold by exogenous arginine. ArgI1 purified as a 6His-Sumo-tagged protein had its highestin vitroenzymatic activity at pH 7.5 with Ni2+as cofactor. The enzyme was also active with Mn2+and Co2+, both of which gave the enzyme the highest activities at a more alkaline pH. The 6His-Sumo-ArgI1 comprised three identical subunits based on the migration of the urea-dissociated protein in a native polyacrylamide gel. A Lrp-like regulator (smc03092) divergently transcribed fromargI1was required for arginase induction by arginine or ornithine. This regulator was designated ArgIR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that purified ArgIR bound to theargI1promoter in a region preceding the predictedargI1transcriptional start. Our results indicate that ArgI1 is the sole arginase inS. meliloti, that it contributes substantially to arginine catabolismin vivoand thatargI1induction by arginine is dependent on ArgIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arteaga Ide
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Hernández
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Liliana Medina-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Edson Carcamo-Noriega
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Girard
- Programa de Biología de Sistemas y Biología Sintética, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Lucas
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Michael F. Dunn
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
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Hwangbo SA, Kim JW, Jung SJ, Jin KS, Lee JO, Kim JS, Park SY. Characterization of a Dimeric Arginase From Zymomonas mobilis ZM4. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2755. [PMID: 32038508 PMCID: PMC6988801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms have genes to protect themselves from toxic conditions such as high ethanol and/or ammonia concentrations. When a high ethanol condition is induced to Zymomonas mobilis ZM4, a representative ethanologenic organism, this bacterium overexpresses several genes to overcome this ethanol stress. Among them, we characterized a gene product annotated as an arginase (zmARG) from Z. mobilis ZM4. Even though all of the arginase-determining sequence motifs are not strictly conserved in zmARG, this enzyme converts L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine in the presence of a divalent manganese ion. The revealed high-resolution crystal structure of zmARG shows that it has a typical globular α/β arginase fold with a protruded C-terminal helix. Two zinc ions reside in the active site, where one metal ion is penta-coordinated and the other has six ligands, discerning this zmARG from the reported arginases with two hexa-liganded metal ions. zmARG forms a dimeric structure in solution as well as in the crystalline state. The dimeric assembly of zmARG is formed mainly by interaction formed between the C-terminal α-helix of one molecule and the α/β hydrolase fold of another molecule. The presented findings demonstrate the first reported dimeric arginase formed by the C-terminal tail and has two metal ions coordinated by different number of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-A Hwangbo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Institute of Membrane Proteins, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Jung
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Institute of Membrane Proteins, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Suk-Youl Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Malik A, Dalal V, Ankri S, Tomar S. Structural insights into
Entamoeba histolytica
arginase and structure‐based identification of novel non‐amino acid based inhibitors as potential antiamoebic molecules. FEBS J 2019; 286:4135-4155. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Malik
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India
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Kaur R, Mudgal R, Narwal M, Tomar S. Development of an ELISA assay for screening inhibitors against divalent metal ion dependent alphavirus capping enzyme. Virus Res 2018; 256:209-218. [PMID: 29958924 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alphavirus non-structural protein, nsP1 has a distinct molecular mechanism of capping the viral RNAs than the conventional capping mechanism of host. Thus, alphavirus capping enzyme nsP1 is a potential drug target. nsP1 catalyzes the methylation of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by transferring the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a GTP molecule at its N7 position with the help of nsP1 methyltransferase (MTase) followed by guanylylation (GT) reaction which involves the formation of m7GMP-nsP1 covalent complex by nsP1 guanylyltransferase (GTase). In subsequent reactions, m7GMP moiety is added to the 5' end of the viral ppRNA by nsP1 GTase resulting in the formation of cap0 structure. In the present study, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP1 MTase and GT reactions were confirmed by an indirect non-radioactive colorimetric assay and western blot assay using an antibody specific for the m7G cap, respectively. The purified recombinant CHIKV nsP1 has been used for the development of a rapid and sensitive non-radioactive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify the inhibitors of CHIKV nsP1. The MTase reaction is followed by GT reaction and resulted in m7GMP-nsP1 covalent complex formation. The developed ELISA nsP1 assay measures this m7GMP-nsP1 complex by utilizing anti-m7G cap monoclonal antibody. The mutation of a conserved residue Asp63 to Ala revealed its role in nsP1 enzyme reaction. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+) in the purified nsP1 protein. The divalent metal ion selectivity and investigation show preference for Mg2+ ion by CHIKV nsP1. Additionally, using the developed ELISA nsP1 assay, the inhibitory effects of sinefungin, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) and ribavirin were determined and the IC50 values were estimated to be 2.69 μM, 5.72 μM and 1.18 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Rajat Mudgal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Manju Narwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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