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De Santis E, Alleva S, Minicozzi V, Morante S, Stellato F. Probing the Dynamic Landscape: From Static to Time-Resolved X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigate Copper Redox Chemistry in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300712. [PMID: 38526934 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), with its ability to exist in various oxidation states, notably Cu(I) and Cu(II), plays a crucial role in diverse biological redox reactions. This includes its involvement in pathways associated with oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. This paper offers an overview of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) studies designed to elucidate the interactions between Cu ions and proteins or peptides associated with these neurodegenerative diseases. The emphasis lies on XAS specificity, revealing the local coordination environment, and on its sensitivity to Cu oxidation states. Furthermore, the paper focuses on XAS applications targeting the characterization of intermediate reaction states and explores the opportunities arising from recent advancements in time-resolved XAS at ultrabright synchrotron and Free Electron Laser radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefania Alleva
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Silvia Morante
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Department of Physics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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2
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Wimalasena K, Adetuyi O, Eldani M. Metabolic energy decline coupled dysregulation of catecholamine metabolism in physiologically highly active neurons: implications for selective neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1339295. [PMID: 38450382 PMCID: PMC10914975 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1339295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disease which is characterized as a progressively worsening involuntary movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Two main pathophysiological features of PD are the accumulation of inclusion bodies in the affected neurons and the predominant loss of neuromelanin-containing DA neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and noradrenergic (NE) neurons in locus coeruleus (LC). The inclusion bodies contain misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils known as Lewy bodies. The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of PD are complex, multi-dimensional and associated with a combination of environmental, genetic, and other age-related factors. Although individual factors associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of PD have been widely investigated, an integration of the findings to a unified causative mechanism has not been envisioned. Here we propose an integrated mechanism for the degeneration of DA neurons in SNpc and NE neurons in LC in PD, based on their unique high metabolic activity coupled elevated energy demand, using currently available experimental data. The proposed hypothetical mechanism is primarily based on the unique high metabolic activity coupled elevated energy demand of these neurons. We reason that the high vulnerability of a selective group of DA neurons in SNpc and NE neurons in LC in PD could be due to the cellular energy modulations. Such cellular energy modulations could induce dysregulation of DA and NE metabolism and perturbation of the redox active metal homeostasis (especially copper and iron) in these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandatege Wimalasena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
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3
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Kim J, Hong J, Park MJ, Lee HS. Tailoring Enantiomeric Chiral Channels in Metal-Peptide Networks: A Novel Foldamer-Based Approach for Host-Guest Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305753. [PMID: 37722669 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing chiral channels in organic frameworks presents an ongoing challenge due to the intricate control of size, shape, and functionality required. A novel approach is presented, which crafts enantiomeric chiral channels in metal-peptide networks (MPNs) by integrating short foldamer ligands with CuI clusters. The MPN structure serves as a 3D blueprint for host-guest chemistry, fostering modular substitution to refine chiral channel properties at the atomic scale. Incorporating hydrogen bond networks augments guest molecule interactions with the channel surface. This approach expedites enantiomer discrimination in racemic mixtures and incites adaptable guest molecules to take on specific axially chiral conformations. Distinct from traditional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and conventional reticular architectures, this foldamer-based methodology provides a predictable and customizable host-guest interaction system within a 3D topology. This innovation sets the stage for multifunctional materials that merge host-guest interaction systems with metal-complex properties, opening up potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Copper Binding and Redox Activity of α-Synuclein in Membrane-Like Environment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020287. [PMID: 36830656 PMCID: PMC9953312 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) constitutes the main protein component of Lewy bodies, which are the pathologic hallmark in Parkinson's disease. αSyn is unstructured in solution but the interaction of αSyn with lipid membrane modulates its conformation by inducing an α-helical structure of the N-terminal region. In addition, the interaction with metal ions can trigger αSyn conformation upon binding and/or through the metal-promoted generation of reactive oxygen species which lead to a cascade of structural alterations. For these reasons, the ternary interaction between αSyn, copper, and membranes needs to be elucidated in detail. Here, we investigated the structural properties of copper-αSyn binding through NMR, EPR, and XAS analyses, with particular emphasis on copper(I) coordination since the reduced state is particularly relevant for oxygen activation chemistry. The analysis was performed in different membrane model systems, such as micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and unilamellar vesicles, comparing the binding of full-length αSyn and N-terminal peptide fragments. The presence of membrane-like environments induced the formation of a copper:αSyn = 1:2 complex where Cu+ was bound to the Met1 and Met5 residues of two helical peptide chains. In this coordination, Cu+ is stabilized and is unreactive in the presence of O2 in catechol substrate oxidation.
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Cao K, Zhu Y, Hou Z, Liu M, Yang Y, Hu H, Dai Y, Wang Y, Yuan S, Huang G, Mei J, Sadler PJ, Liu Y. α-Synuclein as a Target for Metallo-Anti-Neurodegenerative Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215360. [PMID: 36345707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique thermodynamic and kinetic coordination chemistry of ruthenium allows it to modulate key adverse aggregation and membrane interactions of α-synuclein (α-syn) associated with Parkinson's disease. We show that the low-toxic RuIII complex trans-[ImH][RuCl4 (Me2 SO)(Im)] (NAMI-A) has dual inhibitory effects on both aggregation and membrane interactions of α-syn with submicromolar affinity, and disassembles pre-formed fibrils. NAMI-A abolishes the cytotoxicity of α-syn towards neuronal cells and mitigates neurodegeneration and motor impairments in a rat model of Parkinson's. Multinuclear NMR and MS analyses show that NAMI-A binds to residues involved in protein aggregation and membrane binding. NMR studies reveal the key steps in pro-drug activation and the effect of activated NAMI-A species on protein folding. Our findings provide a new basis for designing ruthenium complexes which could mitigate α-syn-induced Parkinson's pathology differently from organic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhuanghao Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongze Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Siming Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiaming Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Rodríguez EE, Ríos A, Trujano-Ortiz LG, Villegas A, Castañeda-Hernández G, Fernández CO, González FJ, Quintanar L. Comparing the copper binding features of alpha and beta synucleins. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Principles and practice of determining metal-protein affinities. Biochem J 2021; 478:1085-1116. [PMID: 33710331 PMCID: PMC7959690 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play many critical roles in biology, as structural and catalytic cofactors, and as cell regulatory and signalling elements. The metal–protein affinity, expressed conveniently by the metal dissociation constant, KD, describes the thermodynamic strength of a metal–protein interaction and is a key parameter that can be used, for example, to understand how proteins may acquire metals in a cell and to identify dynamic elements (e.g. cofactor binding, changing metal availabilities) which regulate protein metalation in vivo. Here, we outline the fundamental principles and practical considerations that are key to the reliable quantification of metal–protein affinities. We review a selection of spectroscopic probes which can be used to determine protein affinities for essential biological transition metals (including Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) and, using selected examples, demonstrate how rational probe selection combined with prudent experimental design can be applied to determine accurate KD values.
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9
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Calvo JS, Mulpuri NV, Dao A, Qazi NK, Meloni G. Membrane insertion exacerbates the α-Synuclein-Cu(II) dopamine oxidase activity: Metallothionein-3 targets and silences all α-synuclein-Cu(II) complexes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:149-161. [PMID: 32712192 PMCID: PMC7484060 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper binding to α-synuclein (α-Syn), the major component of intracellular Lewy body inclusions in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, potentiate its toxic redox-reactivity and plays a detrimental role in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Soluble α-synuclein-Cu(II) complexes possess dopamine oxidase activity and catalyze ROS production in the presence of biological reducing agents via Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycling. These metal-centered redox reactivities harmfully promote the oxidation and oligomerization of α-Syn. While this chemistry has been investigated on recombinantly expressed soluble α-Syn, in vivo, α-Syn is acetylated at its N-terminus and is present in equilibrium between soluble and membrane-bound forms. This post-translational modification and membrane-binding alter the Cu(II) coordination environment and binding modes and are expected to affect the α-Syn-Cu(II) reactivity. In this work, we first investigated the reactivity of acetylated and membrane-bound complexes, and subsequently addressed whether the brain metalloprotein Zn7-metallothionein-3 (Zn7MT-3) possesses a multifaceted-role in targeting these aberrant copper interactions and consequent reactivity. Through biochemical characterization of the reactivity of the non-acetylated/N-terminally acetylated soluble or membrane-bound α-Syn-Cu(II) complexes towards dopamine, oxygen, and ascorbate, we reveal that membrane insertion dramatically exacerbates the catechol oxidase-like reactivity of α-Syn-Cu(II) as a result of a change in the Cu(II) coordination environment, thereby potentiating its toxicity. Moreover, we show that Zn7MT-3 can efficiently target all α-Syn-Cu(II) complexes through Cu(II) removal, preventing their deleterious redox activities. We demonstrate that the Cu(II) reduction by the thiolate ligands of Zn7MT-3 and the formation of Cu(I)4Zn4MT-3 featuring an unusual redox-inert Cu(I)4-thiolate cluster is the molecular mechanism responsible for the protective effect exerted by MT-3 towards α-Syn-Cu(II). This work provides the molecular basis for new therapeutic interventions to control the deleterious bioinorganic chemistry of α-Syn-Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Neha V Mulpuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Alex Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nabeeha K Qazi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Palomino-Hernandez O, Buratti FA, Sacco PS, Rossetti G, Carloni P, Fernandez CO. Role of Tyr-39 for the Structural Features of α-Synuclein and for the Interaction with a Strong Modulator of Its Amyloid Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145061. [PMID: 32709107 PMCID: PMC7404028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Tyr-39 might play a critical role for both the normal function and the pathological dysfunction of α-synuclein (αS), an intrinsically disordered protein involved in Parkinson’s disease. We perform here a comparative analysis between the structural features of human αS and its Y39A, Y39F, and Y39L variants. By the combined application of site-directed mutagenesis, biophysical techniques, and enhanced sampling molecular simulations, we show that removing aromatic functionality at position 39 of monomeric αS leads to protein variants populating more compact conformations, conserving its disordered nature and secondary structure propensities. Contrasting with the subtle changes induced by mutations on the protein structure, removing aromaticity at position 39 impacts strongly on the interaction of αS with the potent amyloid inhibitor phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (PcTS). Our findings further support the role of Tyr-39 in forming essential inter and intramolecular contacts that might have important repercussions for the function and the dysfunction of αS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Palomino-Hernandez
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (O.P.-H.); (G.R.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen, 52425 Aachen, Germany
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fiamma A. Buratti
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; (F.A.B.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Pamela S. Sacco
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; (F.A.B.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (O.P.-H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (O.P.-H.); (G.R.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen, 52425 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (C.O.F.); Tel.: +54-341-4237868 (ext. 752) (C.O.F)
| | - Claudio O. Fernandez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; (F.A.B.); (P.S.S.)
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (C.O.F.); Tel.: +54-341-4237868 (ext. 752) (C.O.F)
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11
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Iron Redox Chemistry and Implications in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4609702. [PMID: 31687080 PMCID: PMC6803728 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4609702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αS) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. Brain iron homeostasis governs both neurotransmission and neurodegeneration; hence, the role of iron in PD progression and neuronal health is apparent. Elevated iron deposits become prevalent in the cerebral region upon aging and even more so in the PD brain. Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of αS with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated αS aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated αS, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology.
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12
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González N, Arcos-López T, König A, Quintanar L, Menacho Márquez M, Outeiro TF, Fernández CO. Effects of alpha-synuclein post-translational modifications on metal binding. J Neurochem 2019; 150:507-521. [PMID: 31099098 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Neurodegeneration in this pathology is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, coupled with cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein. The brain is an organ that concentrates metal ions, and there is emerging evidence that a break-down in metal homeostasis may be a critical factor in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. α-synuclein has emerged as an important metal-binding protein in the brain, whereas these interactions play an important role in its aggregation and might represent a link between protein aggregation, oxidative damage, and neuronal cell loss. Additionally, α-synuclein undergoes several post-translational modifications that regulate its structure and physiological function, and may be linked to the aggregation and/or oligomer formation. This review is focused on the interaction of this protein with physiologically relevant metal ions, highlighting the cases where metal-AS interactions profile as key modulators for its structural, aggregation, and membrane-binding properties. The impact of α-synuclein phosphorylation and N-terminal acetylation in the metal-binding properties of the protein are also discussed, underscoring a potential interplay between PTMs and metal ion binding in regulating α-synuclein physiological functions and its role in pathology. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno González
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Trinidad Arcos-López
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Menacho Márquez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claudio O Fernández
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Riederer P, Berg D, Casadei N, Cheng F, Classen J, Dresel C, Jost W, Krüger R, Müller T, Reichmann H, Rieß O, Storch A, Strobel S, van Eimeren T, Völker HU, Winkler J, Winklhofer KF, Wüllner U, Zunke F, Monoranu CM. α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease: causal or bystander? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:815-840. [PMID: 31240402 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) comprises a spectrum of disorders with differing subtypes, the vast majority of which share Lewy bodies (LB) as a characteristic pathological hallmark. The process(es) underlying LB generation and its causal trigger molecules are not yet fully understood. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of LB and SNCA gene missense mutations or duplications/triplications are causal for rare hereditary forms of PD. As typical sporadic PD is associated with LB pathology, a factor of major importance is the study of the α-syn protein and its pathology. α-Syn pathology is, however, also evident in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disease (LBD), making it non-specific for PD. In addition, there is an overlap of these α-synucleinopathies with other protein-misfolding diseases. It has been proven that α-syn, phosphorylated tau protein (pτ), amyloid beta (Aβ) and other proteins show synergistic effects in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Multiple cell death mechanisms can induce pathological protein-cascades, but this can also be a reverse process. This holds true for the early phases of the disease process and especially for the progression of PD. In conclusion, while rare SNCA gene mutations are causal for a minority of familial PD patients, in sporadic PD (where common SNCA polymorphisms are the most consistent genetic risk factor across populations worldwide, accounting for 95% of PD patients) α-syn pathology is an important feature. Conversely, with regard to the etiopathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies PD, MSA and LBD, α-syn is rather a bystander contributing to multiple neurodegenerative processes, which overlap in their composition and individual strength. Therapeutic developments aiming to impact on α-syn pathology should take this fact into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, UKHS, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fubo Cheng
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Dresel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Clinical Neurophysiology, Forschungszentrum Translationale Neurowissenschaften (FTN), Rhein-Main-Neuronetz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Rejko Krüger
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, LCSB (Luxembourg Centre for Systems, Biomedicine), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette and Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,National Center for Excellence in Research, Parkinson's disease (NCER-PD), Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, Alexianer St. Joseph Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Strobel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department Kopfkliniken, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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