1
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Passantino JM, Christiansen BA, Nabhan MA, Parkerson ZJ, Oddo TD, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Photoactive and conductive biohybrid films by polymerization of pyrrole through voids in photosystem I multilayer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5301-5308. [PMID: 37767044 PMCID: PMC10521210 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of conducting polymers with electro- and photoactive proteins into thin films holds promise for advanced energy conversion materials and devices. The emerging field of protein electronics requires conductive soft materials in a composite with electrically insulating proteins. The electropolymerization of pyrrole through voids in a drop-casted photosystem I (PSI) multilayer film enables the straightforward fabrication of photoactive and conductive biohybrid films. The rate of polypyrrole (PPy) growth is reduced by the presence of the PSI film but is insensitive to its thickness, suggesting that rapid diffusion of pyrrole through the voids within the PSI film enables initiation at vacant areas on the gold surface. The base thickness of the composite tends to increase with time, as PPy chains propagate through and beyond the PSI film, coalescing to exhibit a tubule-like morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Increasing amounts of PPy greatly increase the capacitance of the composite films in a manner almost identical to that of pure PPy films grown from unmodified gold, consistent with a high polymer/aqueous interfacial area and a conductive composite film. While PPy is not photoactive here, all composite films, including those with large amounts of PPy, exhibit photocurrents when irradiated by white light in the presence of redox mediator species. Optimization of the Py electropolymerization time is necessary, as increasing amounts of PPy lead to decreased photocurrent density due to a combination of light absorbance by the polymer and reduced accessibility of redox species to active PSI sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Passantino
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Blake A Christiansen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Marc A Nabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Zane J Parkerson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Tyler D Oddo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1822 USA
| | - G Kane Jennings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
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2
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Stanley PM, Su AY, Ramm V, Fink P, Kimna C, Lieleg O, Elsner M, Lercher JA, Rieger B, Warnan J, Fischer RA. Photocatalytic CO 2 -to-Syngas Evolution with Molecular Catalyst Metal-Organic Framework Nanozymes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207380. [PMID: 36394175 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Syngas, a mixture of CO and H2 , is a high-priority intermediate for producing several commodity chemicals, e.g., ammonia, methanol, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuels. Accordingly, parallel sunlight-driven catalytic conversion of CO2 and protons to syngas is a key step toward a sustainable energy cycle. State-of-the-art catalytic systems and materials often fall short as application-oriented concurrent CO and H2 evolution requires challenging reaction conditions which can hamper stability, selectivity, and efficiency. Here a light-harvesting metal-organic framework hosting two molecular catalysts is engineered to yield colloidal, water-stable, versatile nanoreactors for photocatalytic syngas generation with highly controllable product ratios. In-depth fluorescence, X-ray, and microscopic studies paired with kinetic analysis show that the host delivers energy efficiently to active sites, conceptually yielding nanozymes. This unlocked sustained CO2 reduction and H2 evolution with benchmark turnover numbers and record incident photon conversions up to 36%, showcasing a highly active and durable all-in-one material toward application in solar energy-driven syngas generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Stanley
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alice Y Su
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ramm
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Pascal Fink
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ceren Kimna
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Chair of Chemical Technology II, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Julien Warnan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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3
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Kollmannsberger KL, Kronthaler L, Jinschek JR, Fischer RA. Defined metal atom aggregates precisely incorporated into metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9933-9959. [PMID: 36250400 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized metal aggregates (MAs), including metal nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs), are often the active species in numerous applications. In order to maintain the active form of MAs in "use", they need to be anchored and stabilised, preventing agglomeration. In this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which exhibit a unique combination of properties, are of particular interest as a tunable and porous matrix to host MAs. A high degree of control in the synthesis towards atom-efficient and application-oriented MA@MOF composites is required to derive specific structure-property relationships and in turn to enable design of functions on the molecular level. Due to the versatility of MA@MOF (derived) materials, their applications are not limited to the obvious field of catalysis, but increasingly include 'out of the box' applications, for example medical diagnostics and theranostics, as well as specialised (bio-)sensoring techniques. This review focuses on recent advances in the controlled synthesis of MA@MOF materials en route to atom-precise MAs. The main synthetic strategies, namely 'ship-in-bottle', 'bottle-around-ship', and approaches to achieve novel hierarchical MA@MOF structures are highlighted and discussed while identifying their potential as well as their limitations. Hereby, an overview of standard characterisation methods that enable a systematic analysis procedure and state-of-art techniques that localise MA within MOF cavities are provided. While the perspectives of MA@MOF materials in general have been reviewed various times in the recent past, few atom-precise MAs inside MOFs have been reported so far, opening opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin L Kollmannsberger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Laura Kronthaler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Joerg R Jinschek
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterisation (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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4
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Merging molecular catalysts and metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic fuel production. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1342-1356. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Pamu R, Khomami B, Mukherjee D. Observation of anomalous carotenoid and blind chlorophyll activations in photosystem I under synthetic membrane confinements. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183930. [PMID: 35398026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of natural thylakoid membrane confinements in architecting the robust structural and electrochemical properties of PSI is not fully understood. Most PSI studies till date extract the proteins from their natural confinements that can lead to non-native conformations. Recently our group had successfully reconstituted PSI in synthetic lipid membranes using detergent-mediated liposome solubilizations. In this study, we investigate the alterations in chlorophylls and carotenoids interactions and reorganization in PSI based on spectral property changes induced by its confinement in anionic DPhPG and zwitterionic DPhPC phospholipid membranes. To this end, we employ a combination of absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic measurements. Our results indicate unique activation and alteration of photoresponses from the PSI carotenoid (Car) bands in PSI-DPhPG proteoliposomes that can tune the Excitation Energy Transfer (EET), otherwise absent in PSI at non-native environments. Specifically, we observe broadband light harvesting via enhanced absorption in the otherwise non-absorptive green region (500-580 nm) of the Chlorophylls (Chl) along with ~64% increase in the full-width half maximum of the Qy band (650-720 nm). The CD results indicate enhanced Chl-Chl and Chl-Car interactions along with conformational changes in protein secondary structures. Such distinct changes in the Car and Chl bands are not observed in PSI confined in DPhPC. The fundamental insights into membrane microenvironments tailoring PSI subunits reorganization and interactions provide novel strategies for tuning photoexcitation processes and rational designing of biotic-abiotic interfaces in PSI-based photoelectrochemical energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pamu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics & Environment (nbml-E3), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics & Environment (nbml-E3), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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6
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Davari SA, Mukherjee D. Deep Learning Models for Data-Driven Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Analysis of Interstitial Oxygen Impurities in Czochralski-Si Crystals. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:667-677. [PMID: 35188425 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221085640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analytical advantages of facile and expeditious spectral data collections from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are often offset by the low-accuracy quantitative analyses offered by the technique due to non-equilibrium plasma-matrix interactions. Herein, we developed a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models for LIBS data analyses to predict trace amounts of interstitial oxygen impurities in commercial Czochralski-silicon (Cz-Si) crystals with known interstitial oxygen concentrations at 0-16 parts per million (ppm). While traditional spectral analyses from O(I) (777.2 nm) atomic lines offer poor accuracy, CNN and LASSO analyses generate excellent predictions for the interstitial oxygen concentrations. Specifically, CNN-based spectral analyses uniquely identified systematic alterations in LIBS fingerprints manifested by laser-matter interactions. Our results pave the path for combining facile and voluminous LIBS data collection with deep learning driven high-fidelity data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Davari
- Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics and Environment (nbml-E3), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- 93205California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Nano-BioMaterials Laboratory for Energy, Energetics and Environment (nbml-E3), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Bennett TH, Pamu R, Yang G, Mukherjee D, Khomami B. A new platform for development of photosystem I based thin films with superior photocurrent: TCNQ charge transfer salts derived from ZIF-8. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5171-5180. [PMID: 36132048 PMCID: PMC9418745 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane photosynthetic protein complex Photosystem I (PSI) is highly sought after for incorporation into biohybrid photovoltaic devices due to its remarkable photoactive electrochemical properties, chiefly driving charge separation with ∼1 V potential and ∼100% quantum efficiency. In pursuit of these integrated technologies, three factors must be simultaneously tuned, namely, direct redox transfer steps, three-dimensional coordination and stabilization of PSI aggregates, and interfacial connectivity with conductive pathways. Building on our recent successful encapsulation of PSI in the metal-organic framework ZIF-8, herein we use the zinc and imidazole cations from this precursor to form charge transfer complexes with an extremely strong organic electron acceptor, TCNQ. Specifically, the PSI-Zn-H2mim-TCNQ charge transfer salt complex was drop cast on ITO to form dense films. Subsequent voltammetric cycling induced cation exchange and electrochemical annealing of the film was used to enhance electron conductivity giving rise to a photocurrent in the order of 15 μA cm-2. This study paves the way for a myriad of future opportunities for successful integration of this unique class of charge transfer salt complexes with biological catalysts and light harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler H Bennett
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Ravi Pamu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
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8
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Passantino JM, Wolfe KD, Simon KT, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Photosystem I Enhances the Efficiency of a Natural, Gel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4465-4473. [PMID: 35025445 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem I (PSI) protein complex is known to enhance bioelectrode performance for many liquid-based photoelectrochemical cells. A hydrogel as electrolyte media allows for simpler fabrication of more robust and practical solar cells in comparison to liquid-based devices. This paper reports a natural, gel-based dye-sensitized solar cell that integrates PSI to improve device efficiency. TiO2-coated FTO slides, dyed by blackberry anthocyanin, act as a photoanode, while a film of PSI deposited onto copper comprises the photocathode. Ascorbic acid (AscH) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) are the redox mediator couple inside an agarose hydrogel, enabling PSI to produce excess oxidized species near the cathode to improve device performance. A comparison of performance at low pH and neutral pH was performed to test the pH-dependent properties of the AscH/DCPIP couple. Devices at neutral pH performed better than those at lower pH. The PSI film enhanced photovoltage by 75 mV to a total photovoltage of 0.45 V per device and provided a mediator concentration-dependent photocurrent enhancement over non-PSI devices, reaching an instantaneous power conversion efficiency of 0.30% compared to 0.18% without PSI, a 1.67-fold increase. At steady state, power conversion efficiencies for devices with and without PSI were 0.042 and 0.028%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Passantino
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kody D Wolfe
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Keiann T Simon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - G Kane Jennings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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9
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Cherubin A, Destefanis L, Bovi M, Perozeni F, Bargigia I, de la Cruz Valbuena G, D’Andrea C, Romeo A, Ballottari M, Perduca M. Encapsulation of Photosystem I in Organic Microparticles Increases Its Photochemical Activity and Stability for Ex Vivo Photocatalysis. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:10435-10444. [PMID: 31372325 PMCID: PMC6662883 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment binding multisubunit protein complex involved in the light phase of photosynthesis, catalyzing a light-dependent electron transfer reaction from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. PSI is characterized by a photochemical efficiency close to one, suggesting its possible application in light-dependent redox reaction in an extracellular context. The stability of PSI complexes isolated from plant cells is however limited if not embedded in a protective environment. Here we show an innovative solution for exploiting the photochemical properties of PSI, by encapsulation of isolated PSI complexes in PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) organic microparticles. These encapsulated PSI complexes were able to catalyze light-dependent redox reactions with electron acceptors and donors outside the PLGA microparticles. Moreover, PSI complexes encapsulated in PLGA microparticles were characterized by a higher photochemical activity and stability compared with PSI complexes in detergent solution, suggesting their possible application for ex vivo photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Cherubin
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Destefanis
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Bovi
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bargigia
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Georgia
Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 901
Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Gabriel de la Cruz Valbuena
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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10
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Duan C, Zhang H, Yang M, Li F, Yu Y, Xiao J, Xi H. Templated fabrication of hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks and simulation of crystal growth. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1062-1069. [PMID: 36133207 PMCID: PMC9473183 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a novel crystalline hybrid material with tunable porosity. Many efforts have been made to develop hierarchically porous MOFs, yet their low-energy fabrication remains a challenge and the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In this study, the rapid fabrication of two hierarchically porous MOFs (Cu-BTC and ZIF-8) was carried out at room temperature and ambient pressure for 10 min using a novel surfactant as the template in a (Cu, Zn) hydroxy double salt (HDS) solution, where the (Cu, Zn) HDS accelerated the nucleation of crystals and the anionic surfactants served as templates to fabricate mesopores and macropores. The growth mechanism of hierarchically porous MOFs was analyzed via mesodynamics (MesoDyn) simulation, and then the synthetic mechanism of hierarchically porous MOFs at the molecular level was obtained. The as-synthesized hierarchically porous Cu-BTC showed a high uptake capacity of 646 mg g-1, which is about 25% higher as compared with microporous Cu-BTC (516 mg g-1) for the capture of toluene. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale fabrication of hierarchically porous MOFs and offers a reference for the understanding of their synthetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Minhui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Feier Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Hongxia Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou 510006 PR China
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