1
|
Seilkop AG, Odoh AS, Coradi NJ, Wright JI, Barroso J, Kim B. Ammonium-Binding Bifunctional Aza-Crown Ether Catalysts for Substrate-Selective Hydroxyl Functionalization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13338-13344. [PMID: 39229859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a new bifunctional macrocyclic catalyst that employs multiple weak noncovalent interactions to enable substrate-selective O-silylation of ammonium alcohols over more reactive aliphatic alcohols with up to >20:1 substrate selectivity. Our catalytic strategy merges (i) the use of crown ethers as ammonium-binding receptors and (ii) the exploitation of N-methyl imidazole as a catalytic motif. Our collective mechanistic studies reveal the importance of receptor size, conformational preorganization, and the number of hydrogen-bonding acceptor units needed to achieve high selectivity within the macrocyclic binding pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Seilkop
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Amaechi S Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Nicholas J Coradi
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jacob I Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang XG, Yang ZC, Pan JB, Liu XH, Zhou QL. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by carbene insertion into amide N-H bond. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4793. [PMID: 38839767 PMCID: PMC11153641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral amides are important structure in many natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet their efficient synthesis from simple amide feedstock remains challenge due to its weak Lewis basicity. Herein, we describe our study of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by N-alkylation of primary amides taking advantage of an achiral rhodium and chiral squaramide co-catalyzed carbene N-H insertion reaction. This method features mild condition, rapid reaction rate (in all cases 1 min) and a wide substrate scope with high yield and excellent enantioselectivity. Further product transformations show the synthetic potential of this reaction. Mechanistic studies reveal that the non-covalent interactions between the catalyst and reaction intermediate play a critical role in enantiocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun J, Endo H, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Simplified Modular Access to Enantiopure 1,2-Aminoalcohols via Ni-Electrocatalytic Decarboxylative Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6209-6216. [PMID: 38387466 PMCID: PMC10962872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chiral aminoalcohols are omnipresent in bioactive compounds. Conventional strategies to access this motif involve multiple-step reactions to install the requisite functionalities stereoselectively using conventional polar bond analysis. This study reveals that a simple chiral oxazolidine-based carboxylic acid can be readily transformed to substituted chiral aminoalcohols with high stereochemical control by Ni-electrocatalytic decarboxylative arylation. This general, robust, and scalable coupling can be used to synthesize a variety of medicinally important compounds, avoiding protecting and functional group manipulations, thereby dramatically simplifying their preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hirofumi Endo
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Megan A. Emmanuel
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Small
Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb
Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi S, Ma J, Yan G, Kirillov AM, Yang L, Fang R. Theoretical Analysis of a Three-Component Reaction between Two Diazo Compounds and a Hydroxylamine Derivative: Mechanism, Enantioselectivity, and Effect of Cooperative Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38032356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism, enantioselectivity, and effect of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) cocatalyst were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) for the three-component asymmetric aminohydroxylation between two diazo compounds and a hydroxylamine derivative. This type of cascade process is cooperatively catalyzed by Rh2(OAc)4 and CPA. The obtained results clearly indicate that the first step of the global reaction involves a nucleophilic attack at the nitrogen center of N-hydroxyaniline by rhodium-carbene intermediates producing imines. Subsequently, an enolate intermediate was recognized as the key species generated from the second diazo compound and the leaving benzyl alcohol (BnOH) fragment of the first step and in the presence of the same dirhodium catalyst. Then, the reaction is terminated by the asymmetric Mannich-type addition, delivering the aminohydroxylation products of an S-R conformation with the assistance of chiral phosphoric acid. The distortion/interaction analysis shows that the relative distortions of CPA and the enol play a vital role in the energy ordering of the stereocontrolling transition states (TSs). Furthermore, the influence of different substituents in CPA was fully rationalized by distortion/interaction analysis. This study opens up novel synthetic possibilities and improves the reaction predictability when exploring the related types of cooperatively catalyzed organic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Alexander M Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lizi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Collins S, Sieber JD. Studies Toward Improved Enantiocontrol in the Asymmetric Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Ketones and Allenamides: 1,2-Aminoalcohol Synthesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:1425-1430. [PMID: 36847445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of an improved system for the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective reductive coupling of ketones and allenamides through the optimization of the allenamide to avoid an on-cycle rearrangement. High enantioselectivities could be obtained for a variety of ketones. Use of the acyclic allenamides described herein selectively generated anti-diastereomers in contrast to cyclic allenamides that were previously shown to favor the syn-form. A rationale for this change in diastereoselectivity is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3028, United States
| | - Joshua D Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng D, Liu SS, Shao WB, Zhang TH, Qi PY, Liu HW, Zhou X, Liu LW, Zhang H, Yang S. New Inspiration of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Agrochemical Candidates: Manipulation of a Type III Secretion System-Induced Bacterial Starvation Mechanism to Prevent Plant Bacterial Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2804-2816. [PMID: 36744848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Discovering new anti-virulent agents to control plant bacterial diseases by preventing bacterial pathogenesis/pathogenicity rather than affecting bacterial growth is a sensible strategy. However, the effects of compound-manipulated bacterial virulence factors on host response are still not clear. In this work, 35 new 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and systematically evaluated for their anti-phytopathogenic activities. Bioassay results revealed that compound C7 possessed outstanding antibacterial activity in vitro (half-maximal effective concentration: 0.80 μg/mL) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and acceptable bioactivity in vivo toward rice bacterial leaf blight. Furthermore, virulence factor-related biochemical assays showed that C7 was a promising anti-virulent agent. Interestingly, C7 could indirectly reduce the inducible expression of host SWEET genes and thereby alleviate nutrient supply in the infection process of phytopathogenic bacteria. Our results highlight the potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based agrochemicals for manipulating type III secretion system-induced phytopathogenic bacteria starvation mechanisms to prevent plant bacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wu-Bin Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tai-Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pu-Ying Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong-Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kukhtin-Ramirez-Reaction-Inspired Deprotection of Sulfamidates for the Synthesis of Amino Sugars. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010182. [PMID: 36615376 PMCID: PMC9822045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a mild strategy for deprotecting cyclic sulfamidates via the Kukhtin-Ramirez reaction to access amino sugars. The method features the removal of the sulfonic group of cyclic sulfamidates, which occurs through an N-H insertion reaction that implicates the Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts, followed by a base-promoted reductive N-S bond cleavage. The mild reaction conditions of the protocol enable the formation of amino alcohols including analogs that bear multiple functional groups.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin W, You L, Yuan W, He C. Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogermylation: Asymmetric Synthesis of Unnatural β-Germyl α-Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lijun You
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang X, Hong K, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Huang J, Xu X, Hu W. Asymmetric Three-Component Reaction of Two Diazo Compounds and Hyrdroxylamine Derivatives for the Access to Chiral α-Alkoxy-β-amino-carboxylates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lv JX, Ding YQ, Huang CM, Guo LL, Fang JL, Jia X, Zhang WH, You S, Qin B. Enzyme- and Chemo-enzyme-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple stereoisomers can be found when a substance contains chiral carbons in its chemical structure. To obtain the desired stereoisomers, asymmetric synthesis was proposed in the 1970s and developed rapidly at the beginning of this century. Stereodivergent synthesis, an extension of asymmetric synthesis in organic synthesis with the hope to produce all stereoisomers of chiral substances in high conversion and selectivity, enriches the variety of available products and serves as a reference suggestion for the synthesis of their derivatives and other compounds. Since biocatalysis has outstanding advantages of economy, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and reaction at mild conditions, the biocatalytic reaction is regarded as an efficient strategy to perform stereodivergent synthesis. Thus, in this review, we summarize the stereodivergent synthesis catalyzed by enzymes or chemo-enzymes in cases where a compound contains two or three chiral carbons, i.e., at most four or eight stereoisomers are present. The types of reactions, including reduction of substituent ketones, cyclization reactions, olefin addition, and nonredox transesterification reactions, are also discussed for the understanding of the progress and application of biocatalysis in stereodivergent synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Lv
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qi Ding
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ming Huang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Liaoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Fang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-He Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song You
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Li X, Li Z. Engineering of cascade reactions and alditol oxidase for high‐yielding synthesis of (R)‐phenylethanolamine from styrene, ʟ‐phenylalanine, glycerol or glucose. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Xirui Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Zhi Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 4 Engineering Drive 4, #03-03 117576 Singapore SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
López-Ram-de-Víu P, Gálvez JA, Díaz-de-Villegas MD. Synthesis, resolution, and absolute configuration determination of a vicinal amino alcohol with axial chirality. Application to the synthesis of new box and pybox ligands. Chirality 2022; 34:1140-1150. [PMID: 35609966 PMCID: PMC9545338 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New racemic vicinal amino alcohol derivatives with 4‐benzylidenecyclohexane skeleton and axial chirality have been prepared. A preparatively easy and efficient protocol for resolution of the N‐benzoylamino alcohol is described. Using a 250 × 20 mm (L × ID) Chiralpak® IA column, and the appropriate mixture of n‐hexane/ethanol/chloroform as eluent, both enantiomers of N‐benzoylamino alcohol 3 are obtained with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) by successive injections of a solution of the racemic sample in chloroform. The obtained axially chiral vicinal amino alcohol is used to synthesize structurally novel bisoxazoline ligands in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Ram-de-Víu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Gálvez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María D Díaz-de-Villegas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One-Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116344. [PMID: 35166000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohol motif is found in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. In this study, enzymatic asymmetric reductive amination of α-hydroxymethyl ketones with enantiocomplementary imine reductases (IREDs) enabled the synthesis of chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols with excellent ee values (91-99 %) in moderate to high yields (41-84 %). Furthermore, a one-pot, two-step enzymatic process involving benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and subsequent asymmetric reductive amination was developed, offering an environmentally friendly and economical way to produce N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols from readily available simple aldehydes and amines. This methodology was then applied to rapidly access a key synthetic intermediate of anti-malaria and cytotoxic tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Corrado ML, Knaus T, Schwaneberg U, Mutti FG. High-Yield Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2-Amino Alcohols from l-Phenylalanine via Linear and Divergent Enzymatic Cascades. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2085-2095. [PMID: 35873603 PMCID: PMC9295148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantiomerically
pure 1,2-amino alcohols are important compounds
due to their biological activities and wide applications in chemical
synthesis. In this work, we present two multienzyme pathways for the
conversion of l-phenylalanine into either 2-phenylglycinol
or phenylethanolamine in the enantiomerically pure form. Both pathways
start with the two-pot sequential four-step conversion of l-phenylalanine into styrene via subsequent deamination, decarboxylation,
enantioselective epoxidation, and enantioselective hydrolysis. For
instance, after optimization, the multienzyme process could convert
507 mg of l-phenylalanine into (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol
in an overall isolated yield of 75% and >99% ee. The opposite enantiomer,
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol, was also obtained in a 70%
yield and 98–99% ee following the same approach. At this stage,
two divergent routes were developed to convert the chiral diols into
either 2-phenylglycinol or phenylethanolamine. The former route consisted
of a one-pot concurrent interconnected two-step cascade in which the
diol intermediate was oxidized to 2-hydroxy-acetophenone by an alcohol
dehydrogenase and then aminated by a transaminase to give enantiomerically
pure 2-phenylglycinol. Notably, the addition of an alanine dehydrogenase
enabled the connection of the two steps and made the overall process
redox-self-sufficient. Thus, (S)-phenylglycinol was
isolated in an 81% yield and >99.4% ee starting from ca. 100 mg
of
the diol intermediate. The second route consisted of a one-pot concurrent
two-step cascade in which the oxidative and reductive steps were not
interconnected. In this case, the diol intermediate was oxidized to
either (S)- or (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetaldehyde
by an alcohol oxidase and then aminated by an amine dehydrogenase
to give the enantiomerically pure phenylethanolamine. The addition
of a formate dehydrogenase and sodium formate was required to provide
the reducing equivalents for the reductive amination step. Thus, (R)-phenylethanolamine was isolated in a 92% yield and >99.9%
ee starting from ca. 100 mg of the diol intermediate. In summary, l-phenylalanine was converted into enantiomerically pure 2-phenylglycinol
and phenylethanolamine in overall yields of 61% and 69%, respectively.
This work exemplifies how linear and divergent enzyme cascades can
enable the synthesis of high-value chiral molecules such as amino
alcohols from a renewable material such as l-phenylalanine
with high atom economy and improved sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of
N
‐Substituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One‐Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yisimayili N, Liu H, Yao Y, Lu CD. α-Hydroxylation of α,α-Disubstituted N- tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines with Molecular Oxygen: Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Tertiary Hydroxyimines. Org Lett 2021; 24:746-751. [PMID: 34967645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Tertiary hydroxyimines were stereoselectively synthesized from enantioenriched N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines using potassium tert-butoxide, molecular oxygen, and trimethyl phosphite. The stereoselective hydroxylation of acyclic ketimines bearing two sterically similar α-substituents was achieved by controlling the geometry of the metalloenamine intermediates and the facial selectivity of hydroxylation. The synthetic utility of the resulting α-tertiary hydroxyimines was demonstrated through the successful diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted β-amino alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuermaimaiti Yisimayili
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yun Yao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chong-Dao Lu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doeker M, Hüttche V, Jupke A. Reactive extraction for the recovery of primary amines from aqueous streams. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Khalilov AN, Tüzün B, Taslimi P, Tas A, Tuncbilek Z, Cakmak NK. Cytotoxic effect, spectroscopy, DFT, enzyme inhibition, and moleculer docking studies of some novel mesitylaminopropanols: Antidiabetic and anticholinergics and anticancer potentials. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Zhou XY, Chen X. ZnCl2 Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction of Symmetrical Epoxides with Aromatic Amines for the Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.1994289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Xia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaur J, Preet Kaur B, Islam N, Chauhan P, Singh Chimni S. Stereoselective Mannich Reaction of
α
‐Acetoxy‐
β
‐keto Esters with Isatin Imine: An Efficient Access to Vicinal Tetra‐Substituted Stereocenters. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry Khalsa College Amritsar 143001 India
| | - Banni Preet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Bandipora 193502 India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti PO Nagrota, NH-44 Jammu 181 221 India
| | - Swapandeep Singh Chimni
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang J, Qi N, Gao L, Li J, Zhang C, Chang H. One-pot synthesis of (R)- and (S)-phenylglycinol from bio-based L-phenylalanine by an artificial biocatalytic cascade. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:97. [PMID: 38650191 PMCID: PMC10991228 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral phenylglycinol is a very important chemical in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. Current methods for synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol often suffered from unsatisfied selectivity, low product yield and using the non-renewable resourced substrates, then the synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol remain a grand challenge. Design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia is a promising strategy to convert bio-based materials into high value-added chiral compounds. In this study, we reported a six-step artificial cascade biocatalysis system for conversion of bio-based L-phenylalanine into chiral phenylglycinol. This system was designed using a microbial consortium including two engineered recombinant Escherichia coli cell modules, one recombinant E. coli cell module co-expressed six different enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase/ferulic acid decarboxylase/phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase/styrene monooxygenase/epoxide hydrolase/alcohol dehydrogenase) for efficient conversion of L-phenylalanine into 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The second recombinant E. coli cell module expressed an (R)-ω-transaminase or co-expressed the (S)-ω-transaminase, alanine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone into (S)- or (R)-phenylglycinol, respectively. Combining the two engineered E. coli cell modules, after the optimization of bioconversion conditions (including pH, temperature, glucose concentration, amine donor concentration and cell ratio), L-phenylalanine could be easily converted into (R)-phenylglycinol and (S)-phenylglycinol with up to 99% conversion and > 99% ee. Preparative scale biotransformation was also conducted on 100-mL scale, (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol could be obtained in 71.0% and 80.5% yields, > 99% ee, and 5.19 g/L d and 4.42 g/L d productivity, respectively. The salient features of this biocatalytic cascade system are good yields, excellent ee, mild reaction condition and no need for additional cofactor (NADH/NAD+), provide a practical biocatalytic method for sustainable synthesis of (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol from bio-based L-phenylalanine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ning Qi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Honghong Chang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chaudhary G, Gupta N, Singh AP. Synthesis and application of Cu(II) immobilized MCM-41 based solid Lewis acid catalyst for aminolysis reaction under solvent-free condition. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Guo Z, Xie J, Hu T, Chen Y, Tao H, Yang X. Kinetic resolution of N-aryl β-amino alcohols via asymmetric aminations of anilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9394-9397. [PMID: 34528982 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient kinetic resolution of N-aryl β-amino alcohols has been developed via asymmetric para-aminations of anilines with azodicarboxylates enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Broad substrate scope and high kinetic resolution performances were afforded with this method. Control experiments supported the critical roles of the NH and OH group in these reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinglei Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang Z, He H, Tian R, Wu R, Hu S, Wu Y, Zhou H. A zinc/PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of N-tosyl imines with 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7460-7469. [PMID: 34612364 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Zn-PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles has been developed. Various quaternary substituted 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles bearing vicinal amino alcohol motifs were obtained in good to excellent yields with moderate to excellent dr and excellent enantioselectivities. The utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the easy removal of the acyl group to give C3-hydroxy derivatives and their application as a key skeleton of the ligand for the Ni-catalyzed enantioselective Henry reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou P, Shao X, Malcolmson SJ. A Diastereodivergent and Enantioselective Approach to syn- and anti-Diamines: Development of 2-Azatrienes for Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings with Imines That Furnish Allylic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13999-14008. [PMID: 34424694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new reagent class, 2-azatrienes, as a platform for catalytic enantioselective synthesis of allylic amines. Herein, we demonstrate their promise by a diastereodivergent synthesis of syn- and anti-1,2-diamines through their Cu-bis(phosphine)-catalyzed reductive couplings with imines. With Ph-BPE as the supporting ligand, anti-diamines are obtained (up to 91% yield, >20:1 dr, and >99:1 er), and with the rarely utilized t-Bu-BDPP, syn-diamines are generated (up to 76% yield, 1:>20 dr, and 97:3 er).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xinxin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China
| | - Steven J Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Klake RK, Edwards MD, Sieber JD. Synthesis of 1,2-Aminoalcohols through Enantioselective Aminoallylation of Ketones by Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling. Org Lett 2021; 23:6444-6449. [PMID: 34347500 PMCID: PMC8384047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a catalytic enantioselective addition of N-substituted allyl equivalents to ketone electrophiles through use of Cu-catalyzed reductive coupling to access important chiral 1,2-aminoalcohol synthons in high levels of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. Factors affecting enantioinduction are discussed including the identification of a reversible ketone allylation step that has not been previously reported in Cu-catalyzed reductive coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael K Klake
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3028, United States
| | - Mytia D Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3028, United States
| | - Joshua D Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3028, United States.,Medicines for All Institute, VCU, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang M, Gu H, He S, Rajkumar S, Yang X. Asymmetric Enamide–Imine Tautomerism in the Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Huanchao Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Shunlong He
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Two (Chemo)-Enzymatic Cascades for the Production of Opposite Enantiomers of Chiral Azidoalcohols. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-step cascade reactions have gained increasing attention in the biocatalysis field in recent years. In particular, multi-enzymatic cascades can achieve high molecular complexity without workup of reaction intermediates thanks to the enzymes’ intrinsic selectivity; and where enzymes fall short, organo- or metal catalysts can further expand the range of possible synthetic routes. Here, we present two enantiocomplementary (chemo)-enzymatic cascades composed of either a styrene monooxygenase (StyAB) or the Shi epoxidation catalyst for enantioselective alkene epoxidation in the first step, coupled with a halohydrin dehalogenase (HHDH)-catalysed regioselective epoxide ring opening in the second step for the synthesis of chiral aliphatic non-terminal azidoalcohols. Through the controlled formation of two new stereocenters, corresponding azidoalcohol products could be obtained with high regioselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity (99% ee) in the StyAB-HHDH cascade, while product enantiomeric excesses in the Shi-HHDH cascade ranged between 56 and 61%.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shibuya M, Orihashi T, Li Y, Yamamoto Y. N-Hydroxyphthalimide-catalyzed chemoselective intermolecular benzylic C-H amination of unprotected arylalkanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8742-8745. [PMID: 34374398 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide-catalyzed chemoselective benzylic C(sp3)-H amination of unprotected arylalkanols using bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)azodicarboxylate has been developed. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol as a solvent plays a critical role in chemoselectivity. The conversion of an aminated product to the corresponding free amino alcohol was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang M, Gu H, He S, Rajkumar S, Yang X. Asymmetric Enamide-Imine Tautomerism in the Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21334-21339. [PMID: 34312956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols has been developed through an unprecedented asymmetric enamide-imine tautomerism process enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. A broad range of racemic 2-arylsulfonamido tertiary allyl alcohols could be kinetically resolved with excellent kinetic resolution performances (with s-factor up to >200). This method is particularly effective for a series of 1,1-dialkyl substituted allyl alcohols, which produced chiral tertiary alcohols that would be difficult to access via other asymmetric methods. Facile and versatile transformations of the chiral α-hydroxy imine and enamide products, especially the efficient stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of β-amino tertiary alcohols using one enantiomer of the catalyst, demonstrated the value of this kinetic resolution method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huanchao Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shunlong He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Corrado ML, Knaus T, Mutti FG. High Regio- and Stereoselective Multi-enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β-Methylstyrene. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2345-2350. [PMID: 33880862 PMCID: PMC8359840 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a one-pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω-transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox-neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio- and stereo-selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol intermediates were obtained from trans- or cis-β-methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)-1-amino-1-phenylpropan-2-ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio- and diastereo-selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Papa Spadafora B, Moreira Ribeiro FW, Matsushima JE, Ariga EM, Omari I, Soares PMA, de Oliveira-Silva D, Vinhato E, McIndoe JS, Carita Correra T, Rodrigues A. Regio- and diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aminochlorocyclization of allylic carbamates: scope, derivatization, and mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5595-5606. [PMID: 34096563 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of oxazolidinones via a Pd-catalyzed vicinal C-N/C-Cl bond-forming reaction from internal alkenes of allylic carbamates is reported. The oxazolidinones are obtained in yields of 44 to 95% with high to excellent diastereoselectivities (from 6 : 1 to >20 : 1 dr) from readily available precursors. This process is scalable, and the products are suitable for the synthesis of useful amino alcohols. A detailed theoretical and experimental mechanistic study was carried out to describe that the reaction proceeds through an anti-aminopalladation of the alkene followed by an oxidative C-Pd(ii) cleavage with retention of the carbon stereochemistry to yield the major diastereomer. The role of Cu(ii) in a C-Cl bond-forming mechanism step has also been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Papa Spadafora
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Wanderson Moreira Ribeiro
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jullyane Emi Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Miho Ariga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isaac Omari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Priscila Machado Arruda Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diogo de Oliveira-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elisângela Vinhato
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Thiago Carita Correra
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP. Prof. Artur Riedel Street 275, lab 10, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Q, Xie X, Tang M, Tao W, Shi T, Zhang Y, Huang T, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Lin S. One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of an Aminodiol Intermediate of Florfenicol Using Engineered Transketolase and Transaminase. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyue Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang ZP, Freas DJ, Fu GC. Asymmetric Synthesis of Protected Unnatural α-Amino Acids via Enantioconvergent Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8614-8618. [PMID: 34080836 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in unnatural α-amino acids has increased rapidly in recent years in areas ranging from protein design to medicinal chemistry to materials science. Consequently, the development of efficient, versatile, and straightforward methods for their enantioselective synthesis is an important objective in reaction development. In this report, we establish that a chiral catalyst based on nickel, an earth-abundant metal, can achieve the enantioconvergent coupling of readily available racemic alkyl electrophiles with a wide variety of alkylzinc reagents (1:1.1 ratio) to afford protected unnatural α-amino acids in good yield and ee. This cross-coupling, which proceeds under mild conditions and is tolerant of air, moisture, and a broad array of functional groups, complements earlier approaches to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of this valuable family of molecules. We have applied our new method to the generation of several enantioenriched unnatural α-amino acids that have previously been shown to serve as useful intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dylan J Freas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gupta P, Chaubey A, Mahajan N, Anand N. A review on Arthrobacter sp. lipase: A versatile biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution to access enantiomerically pure/enriched compounds. Chirality 2021; 33:209-225. [PMID: 33675087 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reports related to Arthrobacter sp. lipase (ABL:MTCC No. 5125) catalyzed kinetic resolution performed in biphasic media. A strain displaying esterase/lipase activity and designated as ABL was isolated, during the course of a screening program at Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu. Considerable research has shown that reactions catalyzed by ABL are more selective than many commercial lipases. Since new applications of this lipase are emerging, there is a great need to provide all the relevant information exclusively. This review article is an attempt to cover all the relevant reports based on isolation, purification, immobilization, and application of ABL in the biopharmaceutical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- Govt. Degree College Kathua, Affiliated to University of Jammu, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, 184104, India
| | - Asha Chaubey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Neha Mahajan
- Govt. Degree College Kathua, Affiliated to University of Jammu, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, 184104, India
| | - Naveen Anand
- GGM Science College, Cluster University of Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tb2(WO4)3@N-GQDs-FA as an efficient nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of β-aminoalcohols in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
37
|
Xue F, Li C, Xu Q. Biocatalytic approaches for the synthesis of optically pure vic-halohydrins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3411-3421. [PMID: 33851239 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure vicinal halohydrins (vic-halohydrins) are highly valuable building blocks for the synthesis of many different natural products and pharmaceuticals, and biocatalytic methods for their synthesis have received considerable interest. This review emphasizes the application of biocatalytic approaches as an efficient alternative or complement to conventional chemical reactions, with a special focus on the asymmetric reductions catalyzed by ketoreductases, kinetic resolution catalyzed using lipases or esterases, stereoselective biotransformation catalyzed by halohydrin dehalogenases, asymmetric hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, asymmetric dehalogenation catalyzed by haloalkane dehalogenases, and aldehyde condensation catalyzed by aldolases. Although many chiral vic-halohydrins have been successfully synthesized using wild-type biocatalysts, their enantioselectivity is often too low for enantiopure synthesis. To overcome these limitations, catalytic properties of wild-type enzymes have been improved by rational and semi-rational protein design or directed evolution. This review briefly introduces the research status in this field, highlighting aspects of basic academic research in the biocatalytic synthesis of optically active vic-halohydrins by employing such unconventional approaches. KEY POINTS: • Outlines the enzymatic strategies for the production of enantiopure vic-halohydrins • Highlights recent advances in biocatalytic production of enantiopure vic-halohydrins • Provide guidance for efficient preparation of enantiopure vic-halohydrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, NO 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shrestha B, Rose BT, Olen CL, Roth A, Kwong AC, Wang Y, Denmark SE. A Unified Strategy for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,2-Amino Alcohols Leading to Highly Substituted Bisoxazoline Ligands. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3490-3534. [PMID: 33539091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general procedure for the asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted 1,2-amino alcohols in high yield and diastereoselectivity is described that uses organometallic additions of a wide range of nucleophiles to tert-butylsulfinimines as the key step. The addition of organolithium reagents to these imines follows a modified Davis model. The diastereoselectivity for this reaction depends significantly on both the nucleophile and electrophile. These highly substituted 1,2-amino alcohols are used to synthesize stereochemically diverse and structurally novel, polysubstituted 2,2'-methylene(bisoxazoline) ligands in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Shrestha
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brennan T Rose
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Casey L Olen
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aaron Roth
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Adon C Kwong
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun B, Zhu R, Zhuang X, Shi X, Huang P, Yan Z, Yu C, Jin C. Visible Light/Tertiary Amine Promoted Synergistic Hydroxydifluoroacetamidation of Unactivated Alkenes under Air. Org Lett 2020; 23:617-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiayue Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Panyi Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Can Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou Z, Tan Y, Shen X, Ivlev S, Meggers E. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of β-amino alcohols by nitrene insertion. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
41
|
KneŽević A, Novak J, Bosak A, Vinković M. Structural isomers of saligenin-based β2-agonists: synthesis and insight into the reaction mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9675-9688. [PMID: 33220672 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmeterol and albuterol are well-known β2-adenoreceptor agonists widely used in the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here we report the preparation of structural isomers of salmeterol and albuterol, which can be obtained from the same starting material as the corresponding β2-agonists, depending on the synthetic approach employed. Using 1D and various 2D NMR measurements, we determined that the structure of prepared isomers holds the β-aryl-β-aminoethanol moiety, in contrast to the α-aryl-β-aminoethanol moiety found in salmeterol and albuterol. We investigated the reaction of β-halohydrin and amines responsible for the formation of β-aryl-β-amino alcohol - both experimentally and using computational methods. The structure of β-halohydrin with the methyl salicylate moiety imposes the course of the reaction. The solvent plays a relevant, yet ambiguous role in the direction of the reaction, while the strength of the base influences the reaction yield and isomer ratio in a more evident way. Using computational methods, we have shown that the most probable reaction intermediate responsible for the formation of the unexpected isomer is the corresponding para-quinone methide, which can be formed due to phenol present in the methyl salicylate moiety. After successful preparation of albuterol and salmeterol isomers, we tested their inhibition potency to human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and usual and atypical butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Kinetic studies revealed that both isomers are low-potency reversible inhibitors of human cholinesterases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija KneŽević
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
González‐Martínez D, Gotor V, Gotor‐Fernández V. Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Alcohols through One‐pot Reactions using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Amine Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor‐Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang JD, Chang YW, Dong R, Yang XX, Gao LL, Li J, Huang SP, Guo XM, Zhang CF, Chang HH. Enantioselective Cascade Biocatalysis for Deracemization of Racemic β-Amino Alcohols to Enantiopure (S)-β-Amino Alcohols by Employing Cyclohexylamine Oxidase and ω-Transaminase. Chembiochem 2020; 22:124-128. [PMID: 32789939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optically active β-amino alcohols are very useful chiral intermediates frequently used in the preparation of pharmaceutically active substances. Here, a novel cyclohexylamine oxidase (ArCHAO) was identified from the genome sequence of Arthrobacter sp. TYUT010-15 with the R-stereoselective deamination activity of β-amino alcohol. ArCHAO was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli BL21, purified and characterized. Substrate-specific analysis revealed that ArCHAO has high activity (4.15 to 6.34 U mg-1 protein) and excellent enantioselectivity toward the tested β-amino alcohols. By using purified ArCHAO, a wide range of racemic β-amino alcohols were resolved, (S)-β-amino alcohols were obtained in >99 % ee. Deracemization of racemic β-amino alcohols was conducted by ArCHAO-catalyzed enantioselective deamination and transaminase-catalyzed enantioselective amination to afford (S)-β-amino alcohols in excellent conversion (78-94 %) and enantiomeric excess (>99 %). Preparative-scale deracemization was carried out with 50 mM (6.859 g L-1 ) racemic 2-amino-2-phenylethanol, (S)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol was obtained in 75 % isolated yield and >99 % ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Ping Huang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Mei Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Chang
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Otevrel J, Svestka D, Bobal P. One-pot method for the synthesis of 1-aryl-2-aminoalkanol derivatives from the corresponding amides or nitriles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25029-25045. [PMID: 35557503 PMCID: PMC9092634 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel one-pot method for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols, which is based on C–H bond hydroxylation at the benzylic α-carbon atom with a subsequent nitrile or amide functional group reduction. This cascade process uses molecular oxygen as an oxidant and sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride as a reductant. The substrate scope was examined on 30 entries and, although the respective products were provided in moderate yields only, the above simple protocol may serve as a direct and powerful entry to the sterically congested 1,2-amino alcohols that are difficult to prepare by other routes. The plausible mechanistic rationale for the observed results is given and the reaction was applied to a synthesis of a potentially bioactive target. A one-pot method for β-amino alcohol synthesis based on α-hydroxylation and subsequent amide or nitrile functional group reduction has been identified and examined.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Otevrel
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Palackeho 1946/1 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| | - David Svestka
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Palackeho 1946/1 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bobal
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University Palackeho 1946/1 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cao J, Hyster TK. Pyridoxal-Catalyzed Racemization of α-Aminoketones Enables the Stereodivergent Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols Using Ketoreductases. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical
Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical
Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zheng YC, Li FL, Lin Z, Lin GQ, Hong R, Yu HL, Xu JH. Structure-Guided Tuning of a Hydroxynitrile Lyase to Accept Rigid Pharmaco Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zuming Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
High throughput solid-phase screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity for enantioselective synthesis of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohols. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1501-1511. [PMID: 32219689 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity for enantioselective synthesis of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohols. RESULTS A new strain named Arthrobacter sp. TYUT010-15 with the (R)-selective deamination activity of cyclic β-amino alcohol has been isolated from nature via a high throughput solid-phase screening method. The reaction conditions of TYUT010-15 were optimized. Using the resting cell of TYUT010-15 as the catalyst, kinetic resolution of trans-2-aminocyclopentanol, trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and cis-1-amino-2-indanol was carried out to afford (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclopentanol, (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and (1R, 2S)-cis-1-amino-2-indanol in > 99% ee and 49.6-50% conversion. Four aromatic β-amino alcohols and two amines were also resolved, (S)-β-amino alcohols and (R)-amines were obtained in > 99% ee. Preparation experiment was conducted with 200 mM (23.2 g L-1) racemic trans-2-aminocyclohexanol, yielding the desired (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclohexanol in 40% isolated yield, > 99% ee and 5.8 g L-1 d-1 space time yields. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high throughput solid-phase method for screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity and a first example for practical preparation of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohol by Arthrobacter sp. TYUT010-15.
Collapse
|
48
|
Palchykov VA, Gaponov AA. 1,3-Amino alcohols and their phenol analogs in heterocyclization reactions. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
49
|
Corrado ML, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Regio- and stereoselective multi-enzymatic aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene using dioxygen, ammonia and formate. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2019; 21:6246-6251. [PMID: 33628112 PMCID: PMC7116804 DOI: 10.1039/c9gc03161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report an enzymatic route for the formal regio- and stereoselective aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene that consumes only dioxygen, ammonia and formate; carbonate is the by-product. The biocascade entails highly selective epoxidation, hydrolysis and hydrogen-borrowing alcohol amination. Thus, β-methylstyrene was converted into 1R,2R and 1S,2R-phenylpropanolamine in 59-63% isolated yields, and up to >99.5: <0.5 dr and er.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Corrado
- Van't Hoff Institute for MolecularSciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for MolecularSciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco G Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for MolecularSciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gargaro SL, Klake RK, Burns KL, Elele SO, Gentry SL, Sieber JD. Access to a Catalytically Generated Umpolung Reagent through the Use of Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Ketones and Allenes for the Synthesis of Chiral Vicinal Aminoalcohol Synthons. Org Lett 2019; 21:9753-9758. [PMID: 31769994 PMCID: PMC6902281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a stereoselective method for the allylation of ketones utilizing N-substituted allyl equivalents generated from a chiral allenamide. By employing N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands for the Cu catalyst, good branched selectivity can be obtained with high diastereocontrol. This methodology allows access to a catalytically generated, polarity-reversed (umpolung) allyl nucleophile to enable the preparation of chiral 1,2-aminoalcohol synthons containing a dissonant functional group relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gargaro
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Raphael K Klake
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Kevin L Burns
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Sharon O Elele
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Skyler L Gentry
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Joshua D Sieber
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1001 West Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| |
Collapse
|