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Small Heterocyclic Ligands as Anticancer Agents: QSAR with a Model G-Quadruplex. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217577. [PMID: 36364401 PMCID: PMC9655707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (GQs) have become valid targets for anticancer studies in recent decades due to their multifaceted biological function. Herewith, we aim to quantify interactions of potential heterocyclic ligands (Ls) with model GQs. For seven 4-aminoquinazolines and three 2-heteroaryl perimidines, seven of this ten-membered group so far unknown, we use routine quantum chemical modeling. As shown in the literature, a preferred mode of interaction of heterocycles with cellular structures is stacking to exposable faces of G-quadruplexes. To exploit the energy of this interaction as a molecular descriptor and achieve the necessary chemical precision, we use state of the art large-scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations of stacked heterocycles to a GQ. Actually, the GQ has been simplified for the computation by stripping it off all pentose phosphate residues into a naked model of stacked guanine quartets. The described model thus becomes computable. The obtained heterocyclic ligand GQ.L stacking energies, that is, their GQ affinities, are the necessary ligand descriptors. Using the ligand biological inhibitory activities (IC50) on a human malignant melanoma A375 cell line, we obtain a good linear relationship between computed ligand stacking affinities to GQ, and experimental log (IC50) values. Based on the latter relationship, we discuss a putative mechanism of anticancer activity of heterocyclic ligands via stacking interactions with GQs and thereby controlling cell regulatory activity. This mechanism may tentatively be applied to other condensed five- and six-membered small heterocycles as well.
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Haider K, Das S, Joseph A, Yar MS. An appraisal of anticancer activity with structure-activity relationship of quinazoline and quinazolinone analogues through EGFR and VEGFR inhibition: A review. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:859-890. [PMID: 35297084 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Globally a huge number of deaths and new incidences are reported annually. Heterocyclic compounds have been proved to be very effective in the treatment of different types of cancer. Among different heterocyclic scaffolds, quinazoline and quinazolinone core were found versatile and interesting with many biological activities. In the discovery of novel anticancer agents, the Quinazoline core is very effective. The FDA has approved more than 20 drugs as an anticancer bearing quinazoline or quinazolinone core in the last two decades. One prime example is Dacomitinib, which was newly approved for non-small-cell lung carcinoma treatment in 2018. These drugs work by different pathways to prevent the spread of cancer cell progression, including inhibition of different kinases, tubulin, kinesin spindle protein, and so forth. This review presented recent developments of quinazoline/quinazolinone scaffold bearing derivatives as anticancer agents acting as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and dual EGFR/VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Centre for Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Malaysia
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3
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Kulkarni S, Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Developments in Oxazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Review on Synthetic Strategies, Mechanism of Action and SAR studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1859-1882. [PMID: 34525925 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210915095421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the world's third deadliest disease. Despite the availability of numerous treatments, researchers are focusing on the development of new drugs lacking resistance and toxicity issues. Many newly synthesized drugs fail to reach clinical trials due to poor pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, there is an imperative requisite to expand novel anticancer agents with in vivo efficacy. OBJECTIVE This review emphasizes synthetic methods, contemporary strategies used for the inclusion of oxazole moiety, mechanistic targets along with comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies to provide perspective into the rational design of highly efficient oxazole-based anticancer drugs. METHODS Literature related to oxazole derivatives engaged in cancer research is reviewed. This article gives a detailed account of synthetic strategies, targets of oxazole in cancer, including STAT3, Microtubules, G-quadruplex, DNA topoisomerases, DNA damage, Protein kinases, miscellaneous targets, in vitro studies, and some SAR studies. RESULTS Oxazole derivatives possess potent anticancer activity by inhibiting novel targets such as STAT3 and G-quadruplex. Oxazoles also inhibit tubulin protein to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Some other targets such as DNA topoisomerase enzyme, protein kinases, and miscellaneous targets including Cdc25, mitochondrial enzymes, HDAC, LSD1, HPV E2 TAD, NQO1, Aromatase, BCl-6, Estrogen receptor, GRP-78, and Keap-Nrf2 pathway are inhibited by oxazole derivatives Many derivatives showed excellent potencies on various cancer cell lines with IC50 values in nanomolar concentrations. CONCLUSION Oxazole is a five-membered heterocycle, with oxygen and nitrogen at 1 and 3 positions respectively. It is often combined with other pharmacophores in the expansion of novel anticancer drugs. In summary, oxazole is a promising entity to develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401. India
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Desai NC, Jadeja KA, Jadeja DJ, Khedkar VM, Jha PC. Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and molecular docking study of some 4-thiazolidinone derivatives containing pyridine and quinazoline moiety. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1861302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored & UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Krunalsinh A. Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored & UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dharmpalsinh J. Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored & UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Sun X, Xu S, Yang Z, Zheng P, Zhu W. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a patent review (2014-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:223-238. [PMID: 33315482 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1860210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: EGFR is the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) receptor. It is closely related to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Overexpression or mutation activation of EGFR is involved in the development of many human malignancies, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to target the ATP-binding region of EGFR, aiming to develop selective and effective inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC against EGFR mutants.Areas covered: This review covers the latest progress in the patented EGFR inhibitors and the inhibition activity against NSCLC from 2014 to present.Expert opinion: EGFR is an important anti-tumor target, and small molecule inhibitors targeting EGFR have become important biologically active compounds for the treatment of cancer, especially against NSCLC. Among the recent patents available, great majority of them focus on selective inhibitors of EGFR mutants. Although great achievements have been made in the development of selective EGFR inhibitors, there is still an urgent need to discover new EGFR inhibitors which are safe, efficient, selective, and low-toxic to avoid the adverse pharmacokinetics caused by wild-type EGFR feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Yan X, Wen J, Zhou L, Fan L, Wang X, Xu Z. Current Scenario of 1,3-oxazole Derivatives for Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1916-1937. [PMID: 32579505 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200624161151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, which has been cursed for human beings for long time is considered as one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. In spite of different types of treatments
available, chemotherapy is still deemed as a favored treatment for the cancer. Unfortunately, many currently
accessible anticancer agents have developed multidrug resistance along with fatal adverse effects.
Therefore, intensive efforts have been made to seek for new active drugs with improved anticancer efficacy
and reduced adverse effects. In recent years, the emergence of heterocyclic ring-containing anticancer
agents has gained a great deal of attention among medicinal chemists. 1,3- oxazole is a versatile
heterocyclic compound, and its derivatives possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties, including
anticancer activity against both drug-susceptible, drug-resistant and even multidrug-resistant cancer
cell lines through multiple mechanisms. Thus, the 1,3-oxazole moiety is a useful template for the development
of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the recent
advances on 1,3-oxazole derivatives with potential therapeutic applications as anticancer agents, focus
on the chemical structures, anticancer activity, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The 967th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The 967th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The 967th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 967th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Bhatia P, Sharma V, Alam O, Manaithiya A, Alam P, Kahksha, Alam MT, Imran M. Novel quinazoline-based EGFR kinase inhibitors: A review focussing on SAR and molecular docking studies (2015-2019). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112640. [PMID: 32739648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The over expression of EGFR has been recognized as the driver mechanism in the occurrence and progression of carcinomas such as lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, etcetera. EGFR receptor was thus established as an important target for the management of solid tumors. The occurrence of resistance caused as a result of mutations in EGFR has presented a formidable challenge in the discovery of novel inhibitors of EGFR. This has resulted in the development of three generations of EGFR TKIs. Newer mutations like C797S cause failure of Osimertinib and other EGFR TKIs belonging to the third-generation caused by the development of resistance. In this review, we have summarized the work done in the last five years to overcome the limitations of currently marketed drugs, giving structural activity relationships of quinazoline-based lead compounds synthesized and tested recently. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of the currently used approaches and have provided guidance for circumventing these limitations. Our review would help medicinal chemists streamline and guide their efforts towards developing novel quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Bhatia
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vrinda Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Perwaiz Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kahksha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Tauquir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Pin Code 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Pin Code 91911, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao B, Zhao C, Hu X, Xu S, Lan Z, Guo Y, Yang Z, Zhu W, Zheng P. Design, synthesis and 3D-QSAR analysis of novel thiopyranopyrimidine derivatives as potential antitumor agents inhibiting A549 and Hela cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gudimella KK, Bonige KB, Gundla R, Katari NK, Yamajala B, Battula VR. 2,4‐Diphenyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline Derivatives: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanthi Gudimella
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam 530 003
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceGITAM deemed to be University Hyderabad 502329
| | - Kishore Babu Bonige
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam 530 003
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceGITAM deemed to be University Hyderabad 502329
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceGITAM deemed to be University Hyderabad 502329
| | - Bhaskar Yamajala
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceGITAM deemed to be University Hyderabad 502329
| | - Venkateswara Rao Battula
- Department of Engineering ChemistryAndhra University College of Engineering Visakhapatnam 530 003
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Iqbal M, Lu L, Mehmood H, Khan DM, Hua R. Quinazolinone Synthesis through Base-Promoted S NAr Reaction of ortho-Fluorobenzamides with Amides Followed by Cyclization. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8207-8213. [PMID: 31459909 PMCID: PMC6647956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free synthesis of quinazolin-4-ones by Cs2CO3-promoted SNAr reaction of ortho-fluorobenzamides with amides followed by cyclization in dimethyl sulfoxide has been developed. The present procedure can provide efficient synthetic methods for the formation of both 2-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4-one rings depending on the use of easily available starting materials and an efficient, one-pot protocol for the synthesis of the marketed drug product of methaqualone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Asif Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hina Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dost Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory
of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lai L, Wang Q, Zhang B, Xiao Z, Yang Z, Yang Q, Luo Z, Zhu W, Xu S. Synthesis and bioevaluation of thienopyrimidines bearing a pyrazoline unit as selective PI3Kα inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29579-29589. [PMID: 35531514 PMCID: PMC9072010 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thienopyrimidines containing a pyrazoline unit (4a–d, 7a–d and 13a–l) were designed and synthesized. The compound 13f showed the best activity with the IC50 of 0.92 μM against PI3Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luogen Lai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Binliang Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Zixin Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- China
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