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Navya PV, Ganesan K, Neyts EC, Sampath S. Heterocycle- and Amine-Free Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Molecules for Energy-Saving See-Through Smart Windows and Displays. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401647. [PMID: 38747442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are an elegant alternative to dusty curtains, blinds, and traditional dimming devices. The EC energy storage smart windows and displays received remarkable attention in the optoelectronic industry as they hold promise for high energy efficiency, low power consumption, reversibility, and swift response to stimuli. However, achieving these properties remains challenging. Moreover, most EC molecules do not exhibit electrofluorochromism, which is highly essential for smart displays because its EC property can modulate the solar heat entering the building, and its electrofluorochromic (EFC) aspects can create lighting during the night. In this work, a structure-property relationship is utilized to develop new electrochromes that can store the injected charge, and these molecules indeed exhibit electrofluorochromism. The compounds are synthesized from tetrabenzofluorene with two aromatic acceptor units, and avoids the use of widely studied heterocycles and amine derivatives. The electrochromes switches from yellow to dark hue in solution, solid, and gel state. The compounds display exceptional electrochemical stability and reversibility in 1000 cycles and capacity retention of 93-100 % in 300 charging-discharging cycles. The proof-of-concept device fabrication of the self-dimming EC smart window presented here demonstrates that it can furnish visual comfort, modulate transmitted light and glare, and reduce energy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil V Navya
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Krithika Ganesan
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik C Neyts
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
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2
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Honda A, Nozawa R, Miyamura K. Molecular aggregation by hydrogen bonding in cold-crystallization behavior of mixed nucleobases analyzed by temperature-controlled infrared spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3776-3781. [PMID: 38274170 PMCID: PMC10808993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cold-crystallization behaviors of dodecyl-substituted nucleobases (adenine, uracil, and thymine) were analyzed. The dodecyl derivative from uracil alone did not exhibit cold crystallization; however, a mixture of adenine and uracil derivatives at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 exhibited cold crystallization. These results are similar to the thermal behavior of dodecyl derivatives of adenine and thymine alone and in mixtures reported in a previous study. Temperature-controlled infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the molecular assembly states of the liquid, supercooled state, and cold-crystallized compounds. Hydrogen-bonded molecular pairs in the high-temperature liquid state, multiple hydrogen-bonded networks in the supercooled state, and reverse Hoogsteen-type complementary hydrogen bonds in cold-crystallized compounds were observed using infrared spectroscopy. The heterogeneity of the system, due to multiple types of hydrogen bonding, retarded the crystallization rate, resulting in supercooling and cold crystallization. Infrared spectroscopy, which can be used to measure the aggregation state of molecules, including the liquid and supercooled states, is an effective analytical method for clarifying the process of cold crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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3
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Dorfner AL, Locoteta DP, Messinger CD, Ramsey MR, Kim NY, Sadzaglishvili E, Kranick JC, Kuehner JS, Timony CJ, Langton M, Winklarek JE, Tucker LJ, O'Donnell JL. Non-isothermal cold crystallization of liquid crystalline porphyrins. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6414-6422. [PMID: 37581239 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of liquid crystalline porphyrins was synthesized, purified, and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot-stage polarized optical microscopy (HS-POM) revealed that the porphyrins in the series with shorter alkyl arm lengths exhibit kinetic cold crystallization, wherein the molecules spontaneously organize into large, disc-like structures that remain stable upon cooling. Using DSC, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to these materials were determined. Analysis of non-isothermal crystallization revealed the presence of multiple nucleation and growth processes related to cold crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L Dorfner
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Diana P Locoteta
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Caleb D Messinger
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Michael R Ramsey
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Y Kim
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Elene Sadzaglishvili
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Joshua C Kranick
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Joseph S Kuehner
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Collin J Timony
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Michelle Langton
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Winklarek
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Lucas J Tucker
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Jodi L O'Donnell
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
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Akitsu T, Honda A, Imae T, Higashi Y. Toward Flame Retardants or Thermal Stabilizers with New Mechanism for Polymers. FIREPHYSCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Zhang L, Sun R, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Ma W, Min J, Wei Z, Deng D. Donor End-Capped Alkyl Chain Length Dependent Non-Radiative Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207020. [PMID: 36263872 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical bottleneck for further efficiency breakthroughs in organic solar cells (OSCs) is to minimize the non-radiative energy loss (eΔVnr ) while maximizing the charge generation. With the development of highly emissive low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors, the design of high-performance donors becomes critical to enable the blend with the electroluminescence quantum efficiency to approach or surpass the pristine acceptor. Herein, by shortening the end-capped alkyl chains of the small-molecular donors from hexyl (MPhS-C6) to ethyl (MPhS-C2), the material obtained aggregation that was insensitive to thermal annealing (TA) along with condensed packing simultaneously. The former leads to small phase separation and suppressed upshifts of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level during TA, and the latter facilitates its efficient charge-transport at aggregation-less packing. Hence, the ΔVnr decreases from 0.242 to 0.182 V, from MPhS-C6 to MPhS-C2 based OSCs. An excellent PCE of 17.11% is obtained by 1,8-diiodoctane addition due to almost unchanged high Jsc (26.6 mA cm-2 ) and Voc (0.888 V) with improved fill factor, which is the record efficiency with the smallest energy loss (0.497 eV) and ΔVnr (0.192 V) in all-small-molecule OSCs. These results emphasize the potential material design direction of obtaining concurrent TA-insensitive aggregation and condensed packing to maximize the device performances with a super low ΔVnr .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Honda A, Ueno N, Fujiwara K, Masuhara H, Miyamura K. Cold crystallization and photo-induced thermal behavior of alkyl-derivatized diarylethene molecules. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21926-21931. [PMID: 36043061 PMCID: PMC9361136 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal behavior of alkylated diarylethene molecules (2,3-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-alkylmaleimides; DAE-Cn) was investigated. DAE-C1 and DAE-C2 exhibited cold crystallization, which is a heat-storage phenomenon. In addition, DAE-Cn showed photoisomerization; the open-ring isomer O-DAE-Cn was formed by visible light irradiation and transformed to the closed-ring isomer C-DAE-Cn by UV light irradiation. X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy analyses revealed that O-DAE-Cn exhibited cold crystallization and C-DAE-Cn showed poor crystallinity. UV irradiation (365 nm) inhibited cold crystallization, and visible light irradiation (525 nm) triggered cold crystallization, suggesting that heat storage by the cold crystallization of DAE-Cn can be photo-controlled. The alkylated diarylethene molecules exhibited cold crystallization, and their thermal behavior can be photo-controlled.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Nachi Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Koki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Masuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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Honda A, Hibi Y, Matsumoto K, Kawai M, Miyamura K. Alkyl substituent-dependent systematic change in cold crystallization of azo molecules. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7229-7236. [PMID: 35424674 PMCID: PMC8982276 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal behavior of alkyl-derivatized 1-(2,4-dimethylphenylazo)-4-naphthol and 1-(2,4-dimethylphenylazo)-2-naphthol (2,4-DM-4-Cn and 2,4-DM-2-Cn, respectively) was investigated. The change in the position of the alkyl substituent led to a variation in the thermal behavior, including the cold crystallization, which is a heat-storing phenomenon. In addition, a comprehensive study of the alkyl chain length revealed that 2,4-DM-4-Cn had better crystallinity and exhibited cold crystallization with short alkyl chains. The π–π, C–H⋯N, and C–H⋯π interactions stabilized the crystal structure of 2,4-DM-4-Cn. On the other hand, the polymorphism of 2,4-DM-2-Cn inhibited the formation of a uniform crystalline phase during cooling, which led to poor crystallinity. The only difference between the compounds, the position of the substituent, resulted in a clear variation in the cold crystallization and heat storage properties. The change in alkyl substitution position and alkyl chain length of azo molecules led to the variation in cold crystallization behavior.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yukie Hibi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuma Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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8
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Matsuoka M, Tsushima S, Takao K. Fluorite-like hydrolyzed hexanuclear coordination clusters of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) with syn-syn bridging N,N,N-trimethylglycine in soft crystal structures exhibiting cold-crystallization. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bodlos WR, Mattiello S, Perinot A, Gigli L, Demitri N, Beverina L, Caironi M, Resel R. Cold Crystallization of the Organic n-Type Small Molecule Semiconductor 2-Decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene S, S, S', S'-Tetraoxide. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:325-332. [PMID: 33442331 PMCID: PMC7792511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric n-type Ph-BTBT-C10 derivative 2-decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide is structurally investigated in the thin film regime. After film preparation by spin coating and physical vapor deposition, a rather disordered structure is observed, with a strong change of its internal degree of order upon heating. At 95 °C, a transition into a layered structure of upright standing molecules without any in-plane order appears, and at 135 °C, crystallization takes place. This phase information is combined with surface morphological studies and charge carrier mobility measurements to describe the structure and thin film transistor applicability of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Rao Bodlos
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Perinot
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Fan F, Coutinho da Silva MA, Moraes CR, Dunham AD, HogenEsch H, Turner JW, Lannutti JJ. Self-reinforcing nanoscalar polycaprolactone-polyethylene terephthalate electrospun fiber blends. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abe H, Kishimura H, Takekiyo T, Hanasaki T, Yoshimura Y, Hamaya N. Low-temperature and high-pressure phase changes of room-temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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