1
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Raza M, Bharti H, Chauhan C, Singal A, Jha D, Ghosh PC, Nag A. Enhanced anti-malarial efficacy of mefloquine delivered via cationic liposome in a murine model of experimental cerebral malaria. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114210. [PMID: 38340876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a longstanding global health challenge that continues to afflict over 90 countries located in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The rise of drug-resistant malarial parasites has curtailed the therapeutic efficacy of a number of once-effective anti-malarials, including mefloquine. In the present study, we have taken advantage of drug encapsulation approach to elevate the anti-malarial potential of mefloquine. Encouragingly, our findings unveil that liposomal formulations of mefloquine outperform equivalent doses of free mefloquine, both in laboratory cultures and in a murine model of malaria. Intriguingly, a cationic liposomal mefloquine formulation, administered at four successive doses of 3 mg/kg body weight, achieves complete resolution of cerebral malaria in the murine model while avoiding noticeable toxic repercussions. Altogether, our study furnishes pre-clinical validation for a therapeutic strategy that can remarkably enhance the drug efficacy, offering a revitalizing solution for failing anti-malarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Bharti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakriti Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad C Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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2
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Avalos-Padilla Y, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1943. [PMID: 38426407 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by different species of protists of the genus Plasmodium, remains among the most common causes of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide, mainly for children aged under 5. One of the main obstacles to malaria eradication is the speed with which the pathogen evolves resistance to the drug schemes developed against it. For this reason, it remains urgent to find innovative therapeutic strategies offering sufficient specificity against the parasite to minimize resistance evolution and drug side effects. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches are now being explored for their use as antimalarial drug delivery platforms due to the wide range of advantages and tuneable properties that they offer. However, major challenges remain to be addressed to provide a cost-efficient and targeted therapeutic strategy contributing to malaria eradication. The present work contains a systematic review of nanotechnology-based antimalarial drug delivery systems generated during the last 10 years. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Gao P, Wang J, Tang H, Pang H, Liu J, Wang C, Xia F, Chen H, Xu L, Zhang J, Yuan L, Han G, Wang J, Liu G. Chemoproteomics-based profiling reveals potential antimalarial mechanism of Celastrol by disrupting spermidine and protein synthesis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:139. [PMID: 38378659 PMCID: PMC10877925 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a global health burden, and the emergence and increasing spread of drug resistance to current antimalarials poses a major challenge to malaria control. There is an urgent need to find new drugs or strategies to alleviate this predicament. Celastrol (Cel) is an extensively studied natural bioactive compound that has shown potentially promising antimalarial activity, but its antimalarial mechanism remains largely elusive. METHODS We first established the Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected C57BL/6 mouse model and systematically evaluated the antimalarial effects of Cel in conjunction with in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum. The potential antimalarial targets of Cel were then identified using a Cel activity probe based on the activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) technology. Subsequently, the antimalarial mechanism was analyzed by integrating with proteomics and transcriptomics. The binding of Cel to the identified key target proteins was verified by a series of biochemical experiments and functional assays. RESULTS The results of the pharmacodynamic assay showed that Cel has favorable antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro. The ABPP-based target profiling showed that Cel can bind to a number of proteins in the parasite. Among the 31 identified potential target proteins of Cel, PfSpdsyn and PfEGF1-α were verified to be two critical target proteins, suggesting the role of Cel in interfering with the de novo synthesis of spermidine and proteins of the parasite, thus exerting its antimalarial effects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study reports for the first time the potential antimalarial targets and mechanism of action of Cel using the ABPP strategy. Our work not only support the expansion of Cel as a potential antimalarial agent or adjuvant, but also establishes the necessary theoretical basis for the development of potential antimalarial drugs with pentacyclic triterpenoid structures, as represented by Cel. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiemei Liu
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Liting Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology; Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China.
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Huang J, Chen Y, Sun Z, Gu Y, Li J. One-Step Platform for Maduramicin and Salinomycin Detection Based on Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody and Interpretation of Molecular Recognition Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18557-18565. [PMID: 37965986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Maduramicin (MAD) and salinomycin (SAL) are the widely used poly(ether ionophore) antibiotics to control coccidiosis in animals. Due to their strong cytotoxicity, strict control over their dosage and residue in animal food is necessary. To improve the detection efficiency of the existing single-residue detection methods, a tetraploid tumor hybrid system was constructed using drug mutagenesis, and the bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) against MAD and SAL was obtained by hybridization-hybridoma technology. By optimizing the optimal working concentration of the tracer and antibody, a multiresidue fluorescence polarization immunoassay method based on BsMAb was successfully established. The whole detection process takes 10 min, and the LOD values of MAD and SAL were 4.71 and 3.49 ng·g-1, respectively. IC50 values were 6.45 and 6.24 ng·mL-1, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with other polyether ionophore antibiotics. Finally, a breakthrough in detection was achieved: bispecific monoclonal antibody prepared by the hybridization-hybridoma technology was used to detect maduramicin and salinomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Tiwari R, Gupta RP, Singh VK, Kumar A, Rajneesh, Madhukar P, Sundar S, Gautam V, Kumar R. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies in Parasitic Disease Management: From Prevention to Diagnosis and Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42014-42027. [PMID: 38024747 PMCID: PMC10655914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are a major global health issue causing significant mortality and morbidity. Despite substantial advances in the diagnostics and treatment of these diseases, the currently available options fall far short of expectations. From diagnosis and treatment to prevention and control, nanotechnology-based techniques show promise as an alternative approach. Nanoparticles can be designed with specific properties to target parasites and deliver antiparasitic medications and vaccines. Nanoparticles such as liposomes, nanosuspensions, polymer-based nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been shown to overcome limitations such as limited bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, nonspecific distribution, and rapid drug elimination from the body. These nanoparticles also serve as nanobiosensors for the early detection and treatment of these diseases. This review aims to summarize the potential applications of nanoparticles in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these applications and their market values and highlights the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rohit P. Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
- Applied
Microbiology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vishal K. Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajneesh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Prasoon Madhukar
- Department
of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department
of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Gurukkalot K, Rajendran V. Repurposing Polyether Ionophores as a New-Class of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Agents as Adjunct Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:273. [PMID: 37414909 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have posed a significant threat to humankind in tackling the viral spread. Furthermore, currently repurposed drugs and frontline antiviral agents have failed to cure severe ongoing infections effectively. This insufficiency has fuelled research for potent and safe therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19. Nonetheless, various vaccine candidates have displayed a differential efficacy and need for repetitive dosing. The FDA-approved polyether ionophore veterinary antibiotic for treating coccidiosis has been repurposed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection (as shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies) and other deadly human viruses. Based on selectivity index values, ionophores display therapeutic effects at sub-nanomolar concentrations and exhibit selective killing ability. They act on different viral targets (structural and non-structural proteins), host-cell components leading to SARS-CoV-2 inhibition, and their activity is further enhanced by Zn2+ supplementation. This review summarizes the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential and molecular viral targets of selective ionophores like monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin, CP-80,219, nanchangmycin, narasin, X-206 and valinomycin. Ionophore combinations with Zn2+ are a new therapeutic strategy that warrants further investigation for possible human benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Gurukkalot
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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7
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Rajwar TK, Pradhan D, Halder J, Rai VK, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Opportunity in nanomedicine to counter the challenges of current drug delivery approaches used for the treatment of malaria: a review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:354-368. [PMID: 36604804 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2164290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. The development of drug tolerance and challenges related to the drugs' pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters limits the antimalarial therapeutics response. Currently, nanotechnology-based drug delivery system provides an integrative platform for antimalarial therapy by improving the drug physicochemical properties, combating multidrug resistance, and lowering antimalarial drug-related toxicity. In addition, surface engineered nanocarrier systems offer a variety of alternatives for site-specific/targeted delivery of antimalarial therapeutics, anticipating better clinical outcomes at low drug concentrations and low toxicity profiles, as well as reducing the likelihood of the emergence of drug resistance. So, constructing nano carrier-based approaches for drug delivery has been considered the foremost strategy to combat malaria. This review focuses on the numerous nanotherapeutic strategies utilised to treat malaria as well as the benefits of nanotechnology as a potentially effective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jitu Halder
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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8
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Rajablou K, Attar H, Sadjady SK, Heydarinasab A. THE IN-VITRO STUDY OF NOVEL PHOSPHOLIPID MICELLES LOADED WITH AMPHOTERICIN B ON PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM PROTOZOAN. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 245:105180. [PMID: 35247432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most challenging parasitic infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. The increasing drug resistance of plasmodium falciparum even makes the treatment procedure of malaria challenging and more problematic. Therefore, it is essential to develop new antimalarial drugs for effective treatments. In this study, the encapsulated amphotericin B (Constantinides et al.) in DSPC/DSPE-PEG2000 micelles was investigated as an antimalarial drug against P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The mean particle size, morphological and microstructural properties of drug-free and drug-loaded micelles prepared with amphotericin B were determined through DLS, FESEM, and TEM analysis. The synthesized phospholipid micelles containing AmB drug with a mean diameter of 115nm and a polydispersity index of 0.331. The TEM and SEM studies indicate the uniform and homogeneous morphology of the micelles. Drug encapsulation efficiency is 88.3%. The slow release of the micellar system shows the maximum drug release of 75.67% within 24h. This in vitro study was conducted on P. falciparum 3D7 to investigate the interactions between AmB micelles and P. falciparum parasites using different drug ratios. According to the findings, the IC50 of free AmB is 4.834µg/mL, while the nano-diameter AmB has a significantly lower IC50 of 2.394µg/mL. The results of this study suggest that the drug-loaded phospholipid micelles have significantly higher bioactivity and greater plasmodial properties compared to the direct application of AmB against P. falciparum. Moreover, according to the results of this study, the encapsulated AmB drugs are promising nanostructures for malaria treatment. Therefore the nanoencapsulation AmB showed promising application for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Rajablou
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Attar
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Kazem Sadjady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heydarinasab
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Bharti H, Singal A, Saini M, Cheema PS, Raza M, Kundu S, Nag A. Repurposing the Pathogen Box compounds for identification of potent anti-malarials against blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum with PfUCHL3 inhibitory activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:918. [PMID: 35042884 PMCID: PMC8766476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria has endured as a global epidemic since ages and its eradication poses an immense challenge due to the complex life cycle of the causative pathogen and its tolerance to a myriad of therapeutics. PfUCHL3, a member of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) family of deubiquitinases (DUBs) is cardinal for parasite survival and emerges as a promising therapeutic target. In this quest, we employed a combination of computational and experimental approaches to identify PfUCHL3 inhibitors as novel anti-malarials. The Pathogen Box library was screened against the crystal structure of PfUCHL3 (PDB ID: 2WE6) and its human ortholog (PDB ID: 1XD3). Fifty molecules with better comparative score, bioavailability and druglikeliness were subjected to in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay and among them only two compounds effectively inhibited PfUCHL3 activity at micro molar concentrations. Both MMV676603 and MMV688704 exhibited anti-plasmodial activity by altering the parasite phenotype at late stages of the asexual life cycle and inducing the accumulation of polyubiquitinated substrates. In addition, both the compounds were non-toxic and portrayed high selectivity window for the parasite over mammalian cells. This is the first comprehensive study to demonstrate the anti-malarial efficacy of PfUCHL3 inhibitors and opens new avenues to exploit UCH family of DUBs as a promising target for the development of next generation anti-malaria therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Bharti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Aakriti Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mohsin Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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10
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Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of eosin B-loaded nano-liposomes for growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:383-393. [PMID: 34993631 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a deadly disease in humans caused by the Plasmodium parasite. High prevalence of malaria and resistance of malaria parasite to currently proposed drugs have increased the need to introduce and use new and effective antimalarial agents. In this study, eosin B was used as an effective antimalarial agent, the efficacy of which has already been confirmed by in vitro models. Also, for efficacy and safety improvement of eosin B, liposomal nanocarrier was used because of diversity and adaptability in controlled drug delivery and targeting. Eosin B was trapped inside liposomal nanocarriers by thin layer hydration method and its optimization was performed based on size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. Finally, the eosin B-loaded liposomes were tested on Plasmodium falciparum in culture to evaluate its anti-plasmodial effect. According to the results, the formulation with DSPC:cholesterol 8:1 (molar ratio) and drug concentration of 3 mg/ml was selected as the optimal form. The optimal nano-liposomes showed a size of 163.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.250, and an encapsulation efficiency of 69.94%. The process of drug release from nanocarriers was also obtained about 63% at the end of 72 h. Stability studies over 2 months at 25 °C and 4 °C on the optimum sample showed that the samples stored in the refrigerator were more stable in terms of size characteristics, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency. The results indicate a greater effect of liposomal-formulated eosin B on inhibiting parasite growth compared to the free eosin B.
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:800-811. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Sahu A, Sahu DK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Recent Advances in Herbal Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:292-305. [PMID: 32448111 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200525010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the deadliest diseases that adversely impacts the large population of the world. A stack of scientific documents reflects a huge number of potent plant-based anticancer drugs such as curcumin (CUR), podophyllotoxin, camptothecin (CPT), vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel (PTX), etc. that have been integrated into the modern practice of cancer treatment. The demand for natural products raises exponentially as they are generally considered to be safe, and devoid of critical toxic effects at the therapeutic dose when compared to their synthetic counterparts. Despite rising interest towards the potent phytoconstituents, formulation developer faces various challenges in drug development processes such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, marginal permeability, and nonspecific drug delivery at the target site, etc. Further, adverse drug reaction and multidrug resistance are other critical issues that need to be addressed. Nanomedicines owing to their unique structural and functional attributes help to fix the above challenges for improved translational outcomes. This review summarises the prospects and challenges of a nanotechnology-based drug delivery approach for the delivery of plant-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amita Sahu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dipak K Sahu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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13
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Anamika J, Nikhar V, Laxmikant G, Priya S, Sonal V, Vyas SP. Nanobiotechnological modules as molecular target tracker for the treatment and prevention of malaria: options and opportunity. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:1095-1110. [PMID: 32378173 PMCID: PMC7223109 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the major infectious diseases that remains a constant challenge to human being mainly due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of parasite and also the availability of drugs, which are non-specific for their pharmacodynamic activity and known to be associated with multiple side effects. The disease has acquired endemic proportions in tropical countries where the hygienic conditions are not satisfactory while the environmental conditions favor the proliferation of parasite and its transmission, particularly through the female anopheles. It is obvious that to square up the problems, there is a need for designing and development of more effective drugs, which can combat the drug-resistant strains of the parasite. Molecular biology of the parasite and its homing into host cellular tropics provide multiple drug targets that could judiciously be considered for engineering and designing of new generation antimalarial drugs and also drug delivery systems. Though the recent reports document that against malaria parasite the vaccine could be developed, nevertheless, due to smart mutational change overs by the parasite, it is able to bypass the immune surveillance. The developed vaccine therefore failed to assure absolute protection against the malarial infection. In the conventional mode of treatment antimalarial drugs, the dose and dosage regimen that is followed at large crops up the contraindicative manifestations, and hence compromising the effective treatment. The emerging trends and new updates in contemporary biological sciences, material sciences, and drug delivery domain have enabled us with the availability of a multitude of mode and modules which could plunge upon the nanotechnology in particular to treat this challenging infection. The nanotechnology-based option may be tuned or customized as per the requirements to mark and target i.e. the infected RBCs, for targeted drug delivery. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Anamika
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Vishwakarma Nikhar
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Gautam Laxmikant
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Shrivastava Priya
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Vyas Sonal
- Department of Pathology, Index Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, M.P., India
| | - S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India.
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Memvanga PB, Nkanga CI. Liposomes for malaria management: the evolution from 1980 to 2020. Malar J 2021; 20:327. [PMID: 34315484 PMCID: PMC8313885 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases and the foremost cause of morbidity in the tropical regions of the world. Strategies for the efficient management of this parasitic infection include adequate treatment with anti-malarial therapeutics and vaccination. However, the emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria parasites to the majority of presently used anti-malarial medications, on the other hand, complicates malaria treatment. Other shortcomings of anti-malarial drugs include poor aqueous solubility, low permeability, poor bioavailability, and non-specific targeting of intracellular parasites, resulting in high dose requirements and toxic side effects. To address these limitations, liposome-based nanotechnology has been extensively explored as a new solution in malaria management. Liposome technology improves anti-malarial drug encapsulation, bioavailability, target delivery, and controlled release, resulting in increased effectiveness, reduced resistance progression, and fewer adverse effects. Furthermore, liposomes are exploited as immunological adjuvants and antigen carriers to boost the preventive effectiveness of malaria vaccine candidates. The present review discusses the findings from studies conducted over the last 40 years (1980-2020) using in vitro and in vivo settings to assess the prophylactic and curative anti-malarial potential of liposomes containing anti-malarial agents or antigens. This paper and the discussion herein provide a useful resource for further complementary investigations and may pave the way for the research and development of several available and affordable anti-malarial-based liposomes and liposomal malaria vaccines by allowing a thorough evaluation of liposomes developed to date for the management of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Memvanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Christian I Nkanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Chen X, Liu C, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Maduramicin arrests myocardial cells at G 0/G 1 phase of the cell cycle through inhibiting AKT-Cyclin D1 signaling. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:347. [PMID: 34221817 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maduramicin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic used as an anticoccidial feed additive in poultry, is toxic to animals and humans and can cause heart failure. The present study was initiated to explore the underlying mechanism of toxicity in H9c2 myocardial cells. We observed using cell imaging and counting methods that maduramicin inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MTT assays showed that maduramicin inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and was also confirmed by the finding that maduramicin time dependently blocked the incorporation of BrdU into DNA in H9c2 myocardial cells. Further studies revealed that maduramicin induced accumulation of the cells at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and concurrently, there was down regulation of expression of Cyclin D1. In addition, exposure to maduramicin pruned phosphorylation of AKT at both T308 and S473 sites. Finally, we found that pre-treatment of H9c2 myocardial cells with AKT activator SC79, attenuated the inhibitory effects of maduramicin on Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. Collectively, our results suggest that maduramicin-suppressed AKT-Cyclin D1 signaling which results in G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, leading to the inhibition of myocardial cell proliferation.
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Saraiva RG, Dimopoulos G. Bacterial natural products in the fight against mosquito-transmitted tropical diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:338-354. [PMID: 31544193 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019 Secondary metabolites of microbial origin have long been acknowledged as medically relevant, but their full potential remains largely unexploited. Of the countless natural compounds discovered thus far, only 5-10% have been isolated from microorganisms. At the same time, while whole-genome sequencing has demonstrated that bacteria and fungi often encode natural products, only a few genera have yet been mined for new compounds. This review explores the contributions of bacterial natural products to combatting infection by malaria parasites, filarial worms, and arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and West Nile. It highlights how molecules isolated from microorganisms ranging from marine cyanobacteria to mosquito endosymbionts can be exploited as antimicrobials and antivirals. Pursuit of this mostly untapped source of chemical entities will potentially result in new interventions against these tropical diseases, which are urgently needed to combat the increase in the incidence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl G Saraiva
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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O’Connor RM, Nepveux V FJ, Abenoja J, Bowden G, Reis P, Beaushaw J, Bone Relat RM, Driskell I, Gimenez F, Riggs MW, Schaefer DA, Schmidt EW, Lin Z, Distel DL, Clardy J, Ramadhar TR, Allred DR, Fritz HM, Rathod P, Chery L, White J. A symbiotic bacterium of shipworms produces a compound with broad spectrum anti-apicomplexan activity. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008600. [PMID: 32453775 PMCID: PMC7274485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites cause severe disease in both humans and their domesticated animals. Since these parasites readily develop drug resistance, development of new, effective drugs to treat infection caused by these parasites is an ongoing challenge for the medical and veterinary communities. We hypothesized that invertebrate-bacterial symbioses might be a rich source of anti-apicomplexan compounds because invertebrates are susceptible to infections with gregarines, parasites that are ancestral to all apicomplexans. We chose to explore the therapeutic potential of shipworm symbiotic bacteria as they are bona fide symbionts, are easily grown in axenic culture and have genomes rich in secondary metabolite loci [1,2]. Two strains of the shipworm symbiotic bacterium, Teredinibacter turnerae, were screened for activity against Toxoplasma gondii and one strain, T7901, exhibited activity against intracellular stages of the parasite. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified tartrolon E (trtE) as the source of the activity. TrtE has an EC50 of 3 nM against T. gondii, acts directly on the parasite itself and kills the parasites after two hours of treatment. TrtE exhibits nanomolar to picomolar level activity against Cryptosporidium, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria, and Sarcocystis; parasites representing all branches of the apicomplexan phylogenetic tree. The compound also proved effective against Cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal mice, indicating that trtE may be a potential lead compound for preclinical development. Identification of a promising new compound after such limited screening strongly encourages further mining of invertebrate symbionts for new anti-parasitic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M. O’Connor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Felix J. Nepveux V
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaypee Abenoja
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory Bowden
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patricia Reis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Josiah Beaushaw
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Bone Relat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Iwona Driskell
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Gimenez
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Riggs
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Schaefer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Distel
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Ramadhar
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - David R. Allred
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Fritz
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Pradipsinh Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura Chery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Genomics-driven discovery of the biosynthetic gene cluster of maduramicin and its overproduction in Actinomadura sp. J1-007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 47:275-285. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Maduramicin is the most efficient and possesses the largest market share of all anti-coccidiosis polyether antibiotics (ionophore); however, its biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has yet to been identified, and the associated strains have not been genetically engineered. Herein, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a maduramicin-producing industrial strain of Actinomadura sp. J1-007 and identified its BGC. Additionally, we analyzed the identified BGCs in silico to predict the biosynthetic pathway of maduramicin. We then developed a conjugation method for the non-spore-forming Actinomadura sp. J1-007, consisting of a site-specific integration method for gene overexpression. The maduramicin titer increased by 30% to 7.16 g/L in shake-flask fermentation following overexpression of type II thioesterase MadTE that is the highest titer at present. Our findings provide insights into the biosynthetic mechanism of polyethers and provide a platform for the metabolic engineering of maduramicin-producing microorganisms for overproduction and development of maduramicin analogs in the future.
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Maduramicin induces apoptosis through ROS-PP5-JNK pathway in skeletal myoblast cells and muscle tissue. Toxicology 2019; 424:152239. [PMID: 31229567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has shown that maduramicin, an effective coccidiostat used in the poultry production, executed its toxicity by inducing apoptosis of skeletal myoblasts. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here we show that maduramicin induced apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in murine C2C12 and L6 myoblasts as well as skeletal muscle tissue. This is supported by the findings that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or ectopic expression of dominant negative c-Jun attenuated maduramicin-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, we found that treatment with maduramicin reduced the cellular protein level of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). Overexpression of PP5 substantially mitigated maduramicin-activated JNK and apoptosis. Moreover, we noticed that treatment with maduramicin elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger and antioxidant, suppressed maduramicin-induced inhibition of PP5 and activation of JNK as well as apoptosis. The results indicate that maduramicin induction of ROS inhibits PP5, which results in activation of JNK cascade, leading to apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells. Our finding suggests that manipulation of ROS-PP5-JNK pathway may be a potential approach to prevent maduramicin-induced apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle.
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Antoszczak M, Steverding D, Huczyński A. Anti-parasitic activity of polyether ionophores. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:32-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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