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Liu F, Yang N, Chang Y, Yang W, Young DJ, Li HX, Lu C, Ren ZG. A Phosphorescent P/N/S Hybrid Ligand Stabilized Au 2Cu Complex Selectively Senses Ammonia and Amines. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400413. [PMID: 38822713 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of a P/N/S hybrid ligand dpppyatc (N,N-bis((diphenylphosphaneyl)methyl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-amino-thiocarbamide) with Au(tht)Cl (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) and [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 afforded cluster complex [Au2Cu(dpppyatc)2](BF4)2Cl (1). Upon excitation at 480 nm, 1 emitted orange phosphorescence at 646 nm, which was red-shifted to ~698 nm selectively in the presence of ammonia or amine vapor. This chromic photoluminescent response toward ammonia was sensitive and reversible. Complex1 could detect ammonia in aqueous solution down to concentrations of 2 ppm (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ningwen Yang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yijia Chang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - David James Young
- Glasgow College, UESTC, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hong-Xi Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengrong Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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2
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Jana A, Duary S, Das A, Kini AR, Acharya S, Machacek J, Pathak B, Base T, Pradeep T. Multicolor photoluminescence of Cu 14 clusters modulated using surface ligands. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13741-13752. [PMID: 39211504 PMCID: PMC11352640 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters exhibit unique structural features and their molecular assembly results in diverse photoluminescence properties. In this study, we present ligand-dependent multicolor luminescence observed in a Cu14 cluster, primarily protected by ortho-carborane-9,12-dithiol (o-CBDT), featuring an octahedral Cu6 inner kernel enveloped by eight isolated copper atoms. The outer layer of the metal kernel consists of six bidentate o-CBDT ligands, in which carborane backbones are connected through μ3-sulphide linkages. The initially prepared Cu14 cluster, solely protected by six o-CBDT ligands, did not crystallize in its native form. However, in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the cluster crystallized along with six DMF molecules. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) revealed that the DMF molecules were directly coordinated to six of the eight capping Cu atoms, while oxygen atoms were bound to the two remaining Cu apices in antipodal positions. Efficient tailoring of the cluster surface with DMF shifted its luminescence from yellow to bright red. Luminescence decay profiles showed fluorescence emission for these clusters, originating from the singlet states. Additionally, we synthesized microcrystalline fibers with a one-dimensional assembly of DMF-appended Cu14 clusters and bidentate DPPE linkers. These fibers exhibited bright greenish-yellow phosphorescence emission, originating from the triplet state, indicating the drastic surface tailoring effect of secondary ligands. Theoretical calculations provided insights into the electronic energy levels and associated electronic transitions for these clusters. This work demonstrated dynamic tuning of the emissive excited states of copper nanoclusters through the efficient engineering of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Subrata Duary
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Amitabha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
| | - Amoghavarsha Ramachandra Kini
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Swetashree Acharya
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Jan Machacek
- Department of Syntheses, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences 1001 Husinec - Rez 25068 Czech Republic
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
| | - Tomas Base
- Department of Syntheses, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences 1001 Husinec - Rez 25068 Czech Republic
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
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Ishii W, Tanaka R, Nakashima T. Assembly of anionic silver nanoclusters with controlled packing structures through site-specific ionic bridges. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13457-13463. [PMID: 38920336 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of metal nanoclusters (NCs) into crystalline lattice structures is of interest in the development of NC-based functional materials. Here we demonstrate that the assembled structures of tri-anionic tetrahedral symmetric [Ag29(BDT)12]3- (Ag29 NC, BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol) NCs are controlled into a polyethylene-like zigzag chain and a "poly-ring-fused-cyclohexane"-like honeycomb arrangement through ionic interactions with alkali metal cations such as K+ and Cs+. The site-specific binding of alkali metal ions on the tetrahedrally arranged binding sites of Ag29 NCs successfully connects the adjacent NCs into various packing modes. The number and type of bridges between NCs determine the Ag29 NC packing structures, which are affected by the solvent species, enabling the transformation of packing modes in the single-crystalline state. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the crystals responded to the packing modes of the NCs in terms of anisotropy and bridge linkage style inducing a varied degree of relaxation of the excited state depending on the relocation mobility of alkali metal ions in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Rika Tanaka
- X-ray Crystal Analysis Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Zhao YJ, Yang JS, Li J, Si YB, Xiao LY, Wang ZY, Hu JH, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Influence of the substituents of the thiol ligand on the optical properties of AuCu 14. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7374-7377. [PMID: 38922126 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Detailed photophysical processes of two AuCu14 clusters with different substituents (-F or -C(CH3)3) of the thiol ligand were studied in this work. The electronic effect of the substituents led to structural shrinkage, thus enhancing the luminous intensity. The internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in the AuCu14-C(CH3)3 crystal were slower compared with the AuCu14-F crystal, which was caused by the steric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jin-Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Science, Xuchang University, 461000, Xuchang, China
| | - Yu-Bing Si
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lu-Yao Xiao
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Liu X, Ki T, Deng G, Yoo S, Lee K, Lee BH, Hyeon T, Bootharaju MS. Recent advances in synthesis and properties of silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12329-12344. [PMID: 38860477 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving atomic precision in nanostructured materials is essential for comprehending formation mechanisms and elucidating structure-property relationships. Within the realm of nanoscience and technology, atomically precise ligand-protected noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a rapidly expanding area of interest. These clusters manifest quantum confinement-induced optoelectronic, photophysical, and chemical properties, along with remarkable catalytic capabilities. Among coinage metals, silver distinguishes itself for the fabrication of stable nanoclusters, primarily due to its cost-effectiveness compared to gold. This minireview provides an overview of recent advancements since 2020 in synthetic methodologies and ligand selections toward attaining NCs boasting a minimum of two free valence electrons. Additionally, it explores strategies for fine-tuning optical properties. The discussion extends to surface reactivity, elucidating how exposure to ligands, heat, and light induces transformations in size and structure. Of paramount significance are the applications of silver NCs in catalytic reactions for energy and chemical conversion, supplemented by in-depth mechanistic insights. Furthermore, the review delineates challenges and outlines future directions in the NC field, with an eye toward the design of new functional materials and prospective applications in diverse technologies, including optoelectronics, energy conversion, and fine chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Ki
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guocheng Deng
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Niihori Y, Kosaka T, Negishi Y. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion using nanoparticles and nanoclusters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2304-2322. [PMID: 38587491 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of photon upconversion (UC), generating high-energy photons from low-energy photons, has attracted significant attention. In particular, triplet-triplet annihilation-based UC (TTA-UC) has been achieved by combining the excitation states of two types of molecules, called the sensitizer and emitter (or annihilator). With TTA-UC, it is possible to convert weak, incoherent near-infrared (NIR) light, which constitutes half of the solar radiation intensity, into ultraviolet and visible light that are suitable for the operation of light-responsive functional materials or devices such as solar cells and photocatalysts. Research on TTA-UC is being conducted worldwide, often employing materials with high intersystem crossing rates, such as metal porphyrins, as sensitizers. This review summarizes recent research and trends in triplet energy transfer and TTA-UC for semiconductor nanoparticles or nanocrystals with diameters in the nanometer range, also known as quantum dots, and for ligand-protected metal nanoclusters, which have even smaller well-defined sub-nanostructures. Concerning nanoparticles, transmitter ligands have been applied on the surface of the nanoparticles to efficiently transfer triplet excitons formed inside the nanoparticles to emitters. Applications are expanding to solid-state UC devices that convert NIR light to visible light. Additionally, there is active research in the development of sensitizers using more cost-effective and environmentally friendly elements. Regarding metal nanoclusters, methods have been established for the evaluation of excited states, deepening the understanding of luminescent properties and excited relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Taiga Kosaka
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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7
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Agrawal S, Rai S, Mahato P, Ali A, Mukherjee S. Assemble-Disassemble-Reassemble Dynamics in Copper Nanocluster-Based Superstructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:4880-4889. [PMID: 38682648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Assembling metal nanoclusters (MNCs) to form superstructures generates exciting photophysical properties distinct from those of their discrete precursors. Controlling the assembly process of MNCs and understanding the assembly-disassembly dynamics can have implications in achieving the reversible self-assembly of MNCs. The formation of self-assembled copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) as homogeneous superstructures and the underlying mechanisms governing such a process remain unexplored. Smart molecular imprinting of surface ligands can establish the forces necessary for the formation of such superstructures. Herein, we report highly luminescent, ordered superstructures of 4-phenylimidazole-2-thiol (4-PIT)-protected CuNCs with the help of l-ascorbic acid as a secondary ligand. Through a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, we deciphered the mechanism of the self-assembly process, where the role of interligand H-bonding and C-H-π interactions was established. Notably, efficient reversibility of assembly-disassembly was demonstrated by re-establishing the interligand interactions and regenerating their photophysical and morphological signatures.
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8
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Yang L, Bigdeli F, Yang X, Hou LL, Ma Y, Jiang WY, Li XH, Wang LX, Yang T, Wang K, Wei J, Morsali A, Liu KG. Molybdate-Templated Luminescent Silver Alkynyl Nanoclusters: Total Structure Determination and Optical Property Analysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7631-7639. [PMID: 38625102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Two novel MoO42--templated luminescent silver alkynyl nanoclusters with 20-nuclearity ([(MoO42-)@Ag20(C≡CtBu)8(Ph2PO2)7(tfa)2]·(tfa-) (1)) and 18-nuclearity ([(MoO42-)@Ag18(C≡CtBu)8(Ph2PO2)7]·(OH) (2)) (tfa = trifluoroacetate) were synthesized with the green light maximum emissions at 507 and 516 nm, respectively. The nanoclusters were investigated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The two nanoclusters differ in their structure by a supplementary [Ag2(tfa)2] organometallic surface motif, which significantly participates in the frontier molecular orbitals of 1, resulting in similar bonding patterns but different optical properties between the two clusters. Indeed, both nanoclusters show strong temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties, which make them potential candidates in the fields of optical devices for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran, Iran
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hou
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Wen-Ya Jiang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xian-Hao Li
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Wang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Tang Yang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Kangzhou Wang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Jianyu Wei
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175 Tehran, Iran
| | - Kuan-Guan Liu
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
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9
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Ma QQ, Zhai XJ, Huang JH, Si Y, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Construction of novel Ag(0)-containing silver nanoclusters by regulating auxiliary phosphine ligands. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38660780 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of metal clusters through minor changes in surface ligands holds significant interest because the corresponding entities serve as ideal models for investigating the ligand environment's stereochemical and electronic contributions that impact the corresponding structures and properties of metal clusters. In this work, we obtained two Ag(0)-containing nanoclusters (Ag17 and Ag32) with near-infrared emissions by regulating phosphine auxiliary ligands. Ag17 and Ag32 bear similar shells wherein Ag17 features a trigonal bipyramid Ag5 kernel while Ag32 has a bi-icosahedral interpenetrating an Ag20 kernel. Ag17 and Ag32 showed a near-infrared emission (NIR) of around 830 nm. Benefiting from the rigid structure, Ag17 displayed a more intense near-infrared emission than Ag32. This work provides new insight into the construction of novel superatomic silver nanoclusters by regulating phosphine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xue-Jing Zhai
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jia-Hong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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10
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Heintzelman DJ, Nelson SA, Knappenberger KL. Influence of Halogen-Solvent Hydrogen Bonding on Gold Nanocluster Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2951-2956. [PMID: 38452374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The influence of gold nanocluster-solvent interactions on nanostructure optical properties was determined. Using [Au11(BINAP)4X2]+, where X = Cl or Br, as a model system, the dramatic influence of halogen-solvent hydrogen bonding on nanocluster optical properties was resolved. The creation of a nanocluster-solvent hydrogen-bond network yielded intense photoluminescence (PL) and an accompanying 2-fold reduction in vibration-mediated nonradiative decay rates. PL was quenched for systems that did not support hydrogen bonding. As reflected by absorption line widths, Raman scattering, and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, the hydrogen-bond network increased nanocluster structural rigidity and reduced nonradiative carrier decay rates. The results highlight the significant role of the nanocluster-solvent interface in determining the properties of structurally precise materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Heintzelman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seth A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Shen H, Xu J, Fu Z, Wei X, Kang X, Shi W, Zhu M. Photoluminescence Quenching of Hydrophobic Ag 29 Nanoclusters Caused by Molecular Decoupling during Aqueous Phase Transfer and EmissionRecovery through Supramolecular Recoupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317995. [PMID: 38191987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Exploiting emissive hydrophobic nanoclusters for hydrophilic applications remains a challenge because of photoluminescence (PL) quenching during phase transfer. In addition, the mechanism underlying PL quenching remains unclear. In this study, the PL-quenching mechanism was examined by analyzing the atomically precise structures and optical properties of a surface-engineered Ag29 nanocluster with an all-around-carboxyl-functionalized surface. Specifically, phase-transfer-triggered PL quenching was justified as molecular decoupling, which directed an unfixed cluster surface and weakened the radiative transition. Furthermore, emission recovery of the quenched nanoclusters was accomplished by using a supramolecular recoupling approach through the glutathione-addition-induced aggregation of cluster molecules, wherein the restriction of intracluster motion and intercluster rotation strengthened the radiative transition of the clusters. The results of this work offer a new perspective on structure-emission correlations for atomically precise nanoclusters and hopefully provide insight into the fabrication of highly emissive cluster-based nanomaterials for downstream hydrophilic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
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Lv W, Ma YJ, Wang AN, Mu Y, Niu SW, Wei L, Dong WL, Ding XY, Qiang YB, Li XY, Wang GM. Al 8 Cluster-Based Metal Halide Frameworks: Balancing Singlet-Triplet Excited States to Achieve White Light and Multicolor Luminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306713. [PMID: 37919863 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent metal clusters have attracted great interest in current research; however, the design synthesis of Al clusters with color-tunable luminescence remains challenging. Herein, an [Al8 (OH)8 (NA)16 ] (Al8 , HNA = nicotinic acid) molecular cluster with dual luminescence properties of fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is synthesized by choosing HNA ligand as phosphor. Its prompt photoluminescence (PL) spectrum exhibits approximately white light emission at room temperature. Considering that halogen atoms can be used to regulate the RTP property by balancing the singlet and triplet excitons, different CdX2 (X- = Cl- , Br- , I- ) are introduced into the reactive system of the Al8 cluster, and three new Al8 cluster-based metal-organic frameworks, {[Al8 Cd3 Cl5 (OH)8 (NA)17 H2 O]·2HNA}n (CdCl2 -Al8 ), {[Al8 Cd4 Br7 (OH)8 (NA)16 CH3 CN]·NA·HNA}n (CdBr2 -Al8 ) and {[Al8 Cd8 I16 (OH)8 (NA)16 ]}n (CdI2 -Al8 ) are successfully obtained. They realize the color tunability from blue to yellow at room temperature. The origination of fluorescence and phosphorescence has also been illustrated by structure-property analysis and theoretical calculation. This work provides new insights into the design of multicolor luminescent metal cluster-based materials and develops advanced photo-functional materials for multicolor display, anti-counterfeiting, and encryption applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Juan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - A-Ni Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Wen Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Long Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yao Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Qiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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13
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Mitsui M, Uchida A. Triplet properties and intersystem crossing mechanism of PtAg28 nanocluster sensitizers achieving low threshold and efficient photon upconversion. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3053-3060. [PMID: 38240331 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters have emerged as a promising platform for providing sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Herein, we report [PtAg28(BDT)12]4- (PtAg28; BDT = 1,3-benzenedithiolate) as a sensitizer enabling TTA-UC at low excitation intensities. PtAg28 exhibits a long-lived triplet state (approximately 7 μs) generated with a 100% intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yield. The mechanism driving this efficient ISC was unveiled with the aid of theoretical calculations. Specifically, the S1-T1 ISC reveals a small spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix element, attributed to their similar electron configuration. In contrast, the T2 state, which is energetically close to S1, features a hole distribution derived from the Py superatomic orbital of the icosahedral Pt@Ag12 core. This distribution enables direct SOC based on the orbital angular momentum change from the S1 state with a Pz-derived hole distribution. Consequently, the efficient ISC was rationalized by the S1 → T2 → T1 pathway. The T1 state possesses a metal core-to-surface metal charge transfer character, facilitating triplet energy transfer and conferring superior sensitization ability. Leveraging these characteristics, the combination of PtAg28 sensitizer with a 9,10-diphenylanthracene annihilator/emitter attained an extremely low UC threshold of 0.81 mW cm-2 at 532 nm excitation, along with efficient green-to-blue TTA-UC with an internal quantum yield (ΦUCg) of 12.2% (50% maximum). This results in a pseudo-first-order TTA process with strong UC emission under 1-sun conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
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14
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Bose P, Kumaranchira Ramankutty K, Chakraborty P, Khatun E, Pradeep T. A concise guide to chemical reactions of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1446-1470. [PMID: 38032061 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with atomic precision, known as nanoclusters (NCs), are an emerging field in materials science in view of their fascinating structure-property relationships. Ultrasmall noble metal NPs have molecule-like properties that make them fundamentally unique compared with their plasmonic counterparts and bulk materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive account of the chemistry of monolayer-protected atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters with a focus on the chemical reactions, their diversity, associated kinetics, and implications. To begin with, we briefly review the history of the evolution of such precision materials. Then the review explores the diverse chemistry of noble metal nanoclusters, including ligand exchange reactions, ligand-induced structural transformations, and reactions with metal ions, metal thiolates, and halocarbons. Just as molecules do, these precision materials also undergo intercluster reactions in solution. Supramolecular forces between these systems facilitate the creation of well-defined hierarchical assemblies, composites, and hybrid materials. We conclude the review with a future perspective and scope of such chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Mazumder A, Gianopoulos CG, Kirschbaum K, Peteanu LA, Jin R. Tailoring Carbon Tails of Ligands on Au 52(SR) 32 Nanoclusters Enhances the Near-Infrared Photoluminescence Quantum Yield from 3.8 to 18.3. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26328-26338. [PMID: 37982713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the important factors that determine the photoluminescence (PL) properties of gold nanoclusters pertain to the surface. In this study, four Au52(SR)32 nanoclusters that feature a series of aromatic thiolate ligands (-SR) with different bulkiness at the para-position are synthesized and investigated. The near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (peaks at 900-940 nm) quantum yield (QY) is largely enhanced with a decrease in the ligand's para-bulkiness. Specifically, the Au52(SR)32 capped with the least bulky p-methylbenzenethiolate (p-MBT) exhibits the highest PLQY (18.3% at room temperature in non-degassed dichloromethane), while Au52 with the bulkiest tert-butylbenzenethiolate (TBBT) only gives 3.8%. The large enhancement of QY with fewer methyl groups on the ligands implies a nonradiative decay via the multiphonon process mediated by C-H bonds. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) comparison of Au52(p-MBT)32 and Au52(TBBT)32 reveals that fewer methyl groups at the para-position lead to a stronger interligand π···π stacking on the Au52 core, thus restricting ligand vibrations and rotations. The emission nature is identified to be phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on the PL lifetime, 3O2 quenching, and temperature-dependent PL and absorption studies. The 1O2 generation efficiencies for the four Au52(SR)32 NCs follow the same trend as the observed PL performance. Overall, the highly NIR-luminescent Au52(p-MBT)32 nanocluster and the revealed mechanisms are expected to find future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abhrojyoti Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Ishii W, Okayasu Y, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka R, Katao S, Nishikawa Y, Kawai T, Nakashima T. Excited State Engineering in Ag 29 Nanocluster through Peripheral Modification with Silver(I) Complexes for Bright Near-Infrared Photoluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11236-11244. [PMID: 37126432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The optical property of an ionic metal nanocluster (NC) is affected by the ionic interaction with counter ions. Here, we report that the modification of trianionic [Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4]3- NC (BDT: 1.3-benzenedithiol; TPP: triphenylphosphine) with silver(I) complexes led to the intense photoluminescence (PL) in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The binding of silver(I) complexes to the peripheral region of Ag29 NC is confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) measurement, which is further supported by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The change of excited-state dynamics by the binding of silver(I) complexes is discussed based on the results of a transient absorption study as well as temperature-dependent PL spectra and PL lifetime measurements. The modification of Ag29 NCs with cationic silver(I) complexes is considered to give rise to a triplet excited state responsible for the intense NIR PL. These findings also afford important insights into the origin of the PL mechanism as well as the possible light-driven motion in Ag29-based NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Rika Tanaka
- X-ray Crystal Analysis Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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17
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Arima D, Mitsui M. Structurally Flexible Au-Cu Alloy Nanoclusters Enabling Efficient Triplet Sensitization and Photon Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6994-7004. [PMID: 36939572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected noble-metal nanoclusters exhibit an innately triplet nature and have been recently recognized as emerging platforms for triplet sensitizers of photon upconversion (UC) via triplet-triplet annihilation. Herein, we report that a structurally flexible Au-Cu alloy nanocluster, [Au4Cu4(S-Adm)5(DPPM)2]+ (Au4Cu4; S-Adm = 1-adamantanethiolate, DPPM = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), exhibited favorable sensitizer properties and superior UC performance. Contrary to the structurally rigid Au2Cu6(S-Adm)6(TPP)2 (Au2Cu6, TPP = triphenylphosphine), Au4Cu4 exhibited significantly better sensitizer characteristics, such as a near-unity quantum yield for intersystem crossing (ISC), long triplet lifetime (ca. 8 μs), and efficient triplet energy transfer (TET). The efficient ISC of Au4Cu4 was attributed to the practically negligible activation barriers during the ISC process, which was caused by the spin-orbit interaction between the two isoenergetic isomers predicted by theoretical calculations. A series of aromatic molecules with different triplet energies were used as acceptors to reveal the driving force dependence of the TET rate constant (kTET). This dependency was analyzed to evaluate the triplet energy and sensitization ability of the alloy nanoclusters. The results showed that the maximum value of kTET for Au4Cu4 was seven times larger than that for Au2Cu6, which presumably reflects the structural/electronic fluctuations of Au4Cu4 during the triplet state residence. The combination of the Au4Cu4 sensitizer and the 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) annihilator/emitter achieved UC with internal quantum yields of 14% (out of 50% maximum) and extremely low threshold intensities (2-26 mWcm-2). This performance far exceeds that of Au2Cu6 and is also outstanding among the organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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18
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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19
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Sahoo K, Chakraborty I. Ligand effects on the photoluminescence of atomically precise silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3120-3129. [PMID: 36723052 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) is one of the most exciting properties of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs), making them a prime choice for various applications, from sensing to bio-imaging. While there are several advantages of metal NCs for PL-based applications, their PLQY is significantly low compared to other PL-active nanomaterials or organic dyes. It is essential to understand the PL mechanism in detail to tune the PLQY of NCs. There are numerous reports on gold NCs with a known structure where the origin of PL has been explored, and it was found that ligands play a vital role in their PL properties along with the kernel (core). Reports on understanding the ligand effects on PL properties are also evolving for the case of atomically precise silver NCs. This mini-review will summarize the ligands' role in PL of 29 atom Ag NCs, the most reported NCs with diversity in the silver family. The ligands were classified as primary and secondary, and their effects on tuning the PL properties were explained. The review will also address some of the answers to open questions for AgNCs, such as the origin of PL, dynamics, and the tunability of PLQY using ligand modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Sahoo
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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20
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Jana A, Jash M, Dar WA, Roy J, Chakraborty P, Paramasivam G, Lebedkin S, Kirakci K, Manna S, Antharjanam S, Machacek J, Kucerakova M, Ghosh S, Lang K, Kappes MM, Base T, Pradeep T. Carborane-thiol protected copper nanoclusters: stimuli-responsive materials with tunable phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1613-1626. [PMID: 36794193 PMCID: PMC9906781 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise nanomaterials with tunable solid-state luminescence attract global interest. In this work, we present a new class of thermally stable isostructural tetranuclear copper nanoclusters (NCs), shortly Cu4@oCBT, Cu4@mCBT and Cu4@ICBT, protected by nearly isomeric carborane thiols: ortho-carborane-9-thiol, meta-carborane-9-thiol and ortho-carborane 12-iodo 9-thiol, respectively. They have a square planar Cu4 core and a butterfly-shaped Cu4S4 staple, which is appended with four respective carboranes. For Cu4@ICBT, strain generated by the bulky iodine substituents on the carboranes makes the Cu4S4 staple flatter in comparison to other clusters. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI-MS) and collision energy-dependent fragmentation, along with other spectroscopic and microscopic studies, confirm their molecular structure. Although none of these clusters show any visible luminescence in solution, bright μs-long phosphorescence is observed in their crystalline forms. The Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT NCs are green emitting with quantum yields (Φ) of 81 and 59%, respectively, whereas Cu4@ICBT is orange emitting with a Φ of 18%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the nature of their respective electronic transitions. The green luminescence of Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT clusters gets shifted to yellow after mechanical grinding, but it is regenerated after exposure to solvent vapour, whereas the orange emission of Cu4@ICBT is not affected by mechanical grinding. Structurally flattened Cu4@ICBT didn't show mechanoresponsive luminescence in contrast to other clusters, having bent Cu4S4 structures. Cu4@oCBT and Cu4@mCBT are thermally stable up to 400 °C. Cu4@oCBT retained green emission even upon heating to 200 °C under ambient conditions, while Cu4@mCBT changed from green to yellow in the same window. This is the first report on structurally flexible carborane thiol appended Cu4 NCs having stimuli-responsive tunable solid-state phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Madhuri Jash
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Jayoti Roy
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Kaplan Kirakci
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Sujan Manna
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Sudhadevi Antharjanam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Jan Machacek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kucerakova
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Na Slovance4 1999/2, 182 21, Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Tomas Base
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science 25068 Rez Czech Republic
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai - 600036 India
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21
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22
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Mitsui M, Arima D, Uchida A, Yoshida K, Arai Y, Kawasaki K, Niihori Y. Charge-Transfer-Mediated Mechanism Dominates Oxygen Quenching of Ligand-Protected Noble-Metal Cluster Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9272-9278. [PMID: 36173370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) quenching of ligand-protected noble-metal clusters (NMCs) by molecular oxygen is often used to define whether the PL of NMC is fluorescent or phosphorescent, and only energy transfer has been always considered as the quenching mechanism. Herein, we performed the Rehm-Weller analysis of the O2-induced PL quenching of 13 different NMCs and found that the charge-transfer (CT)-mediated mechanism dominates the quenching process. The quenching rate constant showed a clear dependence on the CT driving force, varied markedly from 106 to 109 M-1s-1. Transient absorption spectroscopy and photon upconversion measurements confirmed the triplet sensitization of aromatic molecules by NMCs regardless of the quenching degree by O2, establishing that the PL of NMCs under investigation originates from the excited triplet state (i.e., phosphorescence). The results herein provide an essential indicator for correctly determining whether the PL of an NMC is fluorescent or phosphorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kouta Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yamato Arai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kakeru Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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23
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Zhang SS, Havenridge S, Zhang C, Wang Z, Feng L, Gao ZY, Aikens CM, Tung CH, Sun D. Sulfide Boosting Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Silver Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18305-18314. [PMID: 36169057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, but their room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is far from ideal to access cutting-edge device performance. Herein, two supertetrahedral silver nanoclusters with high PLQY in non-degassed solution at room temperature were constructed by interiorly supporting the core with multiple VO43- and E2- anions as structure-directing agents and exteriorly protecting the core with a rigid ligand shell of PhC≡C- and Ph2PE2- (E = S, Ag64-S; E = Se, Ag64-Se). Both clusters have similar outer Ag58 tetrahedral cages and [Ag6E4@(VO4)4] cores, forming a pair of comparable clusters to decrypt the origin of such a high PLQY, particularly in Ag64-S, where the PLQY reached up to 97%. The stronger suppression effect of inner sulfides for nonradiative decay is critical to boost the PLQY to near unity. Transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to confirm the phosphorescence nature. The quadruple-capping assembly mechanism involving Ag7 secondary building units on a Ag36 truncated tetrahedron was also established by collision-induced dissociation studies. This work not only provides a strategy of core engineering for the controlled syntheses of silver nanoclusters with high PLQY but also deciphers the origin of a near-unity PLQY, which lays a foundation for fabricating highly phosphorescent silver nanoclusters in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Das AK, Biswas S, Manna SS, Pathak B, Mandal S. An atomically precise silver nanocluster for artificial light-harvesting system through supramolecular functionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8355-8364. [PMID: 35919723 PMCID: PMC9297522 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing an artificial light-harvesting system (LHS) with high energy transfer efficiency has been a challenging task. Herein, we report an atom-precise silver nanocluster (Ag NC) as a unique platform to fabricate the artificial LHS. A facile one-pot synthesis of [Cl@Ag16S(S-Adm)8(CF3COO)5(DMF)3(H2O)2]·DMF (Ag16) NC by using a bulky adamantanethiolate ligand is portrayed here which, in turn, alleviates the issues related to the smaller NC core designed from a highly steric environment. The surface molecular motion of this NC extends the non-radiative relaxation rate which is strategically restricted by a recognition site-specific supramolecular adduct with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) that results in the generation of a blue emission. This emission property is further controlled by the number of attached β-CD which eventually imposes more rigidity. The higher emission quantum yield and the larger emission lifetime relative to the lesser numbered β-CD conjugation signify Ag16 ∩ β-CD2 as a good LHS donor component. In the presence of an organic dye (β-carotene) as an energy acceptor, an LHS is fabricated here via the Förster resonance energy transfer pathway. The opposite charges on the surfaces and the matched electronic energy distribution result in a 93% energy transfer efficiency with a great antenna effect from the UV-to-visible region. Finally, the harvested energy is utilized successfully for efficient photocurrent generation with much-enhanced yields compared to the individual components. This fundamental investigation into highly-efficient energy transfer through atom-precise NC-based systems will inspire additional opportunities for designing new LHSs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 69551 India
| | - Sourav Biswas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 69551 India
| | - Surya Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552 India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552 India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 69551 India
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25
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Nag A, Pradeep T. Assembling Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters Using Supramolecular Interactions. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:160-178. [PMID: 37101822 PMCID: PMC10114813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry (SC) of noble metal nanoclusters (NMNCs) is one of the fascinating areas of contemporary materials science. It is principally concerned with the noncovalent interactions between NMNCs, as well as between NMNCs and molecules or nanoparticles. This review focuses on recent advances in the supramolecular assembly of NMNCs and applications of the resulting structures. We have divided the topics into four distinct subgroups: (i) SC of NMNCs in gaseous and solution phases, (ii) supramolecular interactions of NMNCs in crystal lattices, (iii) supramolecular assemblies of NMNCs with nanoparticles and NMNCs, and (iv) SC of NMNCs with other molecules. The last explores their interactions with fullerenes, cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, crown ethers, and more. After discussing these topics concisely, various emerging properties of the assembled systems in terms of their mechanical, optical, magnetic, charge-transfer, etc. properties and applications are presented. SC is seen to provide a crucial role to induce new physical and chemical properties in such hybrid nanomaterials. Finally, we highlight the scope for expansion and future research in the area. This review would be useful to those working on functional nanostructures in general and NMNCs in particular.
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26
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Deng H, Li X, Yan X, Jin S, Zhu M. Regulation of Surface Structure of [Au9Ag12(SAdm)4(Dppm)6Cl6](SbF6)3 Nanocluster via Alloying. Front Chem 2022; 9:793339. [PMID: 35141202 PMCID: PMC8819595 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.793339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring of specific sites on the nanocluster surface can tailor the properties of nanoclusters at the atomic level, for the in-depth understanding of structure and property relationship. In this work, we explore the regulation of surface structure of [Au9Ag12(SAdm)4(Dppm)6Cl6](SbF6)3 nanocluster via alloying. We successfully obtained the well-determined tri-metal [Au9Ag8@Cu4(SAdm)4(Dppm)6Cl6](SbF6)3 by the reaction of [Au9Ag12(SAdm)4(Dppm)6Cl6](SbF6)3 with the CuI(SAdm) complex precursor. X-ray crystallography identifies that the Cu dopants prioritily replace the position of the silver capped by Dppm ligand in the motif. The Cu doping has affected the optical properties of Au9Ag12 alloy nanocluster. DPV spectra, CD spectra and stability tests suggest that the regulation of surface structure via Cu alloying changes the electronic structure, thereby affecting the electrochemical properties, which provides insight into the regulation of surface structure of [Au9Ag12(SAdm)4(Dppm)6Cl6](SbF6)3via alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxun Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Jin, ; Manzhou Zhu,
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Jin, ; Manzhou Zhu,
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Su YM, Li XY, Wang Z, Gao ZY, Huang XQ, Tung CH, Sun D. Structural rearrangement of Ag 60 nanocluster endowing different luminescence performances. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234303. [PMID: 34937377 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that structure determines property, but obtaining a pair of silver nanoclusters with comparable structures to understand the structure-property relationship is a very challenging task. A new 60-nuclei silver nanocluster (SD/Ag60a) protected by a mixed-ligand shell of tBuS- and o-CH3OPhCOO- was obtained and characterized. Single crystal x-ray diffraction reveals that SD/Ag60a has an identical metal nuclearity and core-shell structural type to SD/Ag1 previously reported by our group, whereas the compositions of the core and shell have undergone a rearrangement from an Ag12 cuboctahedron core and an Ag48 rhombicuboctahedron shell in SD/Ag1 to an Ag14 rhombic dodecahedron core and an oval Ag46 shell in SD/Ag60a. The core enlargement from Ag12 to Ag14 originates from the replacement of two S2- in Ag12S15 by two Ag+, which gives a new Ag14S13 core. This result indicates that the metal frameworks of silver nanoclusters have some extent flexibility despite the same nuclearity, which can be influenced by ligands, solvents, anion templates, and others in the embryonic stage of the assembly. Interestingly, different core-shell architectures of Ag60 nanoclusters also significantly endow the different optical absorption bands, photocurrent-generating properties, and luminesecent behaviors. This work not only realizes the regulation of the core-shell structure of silver nanoclusters with the same nuclearity but also provides a comparable model for investigating the relationship of structure-photoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Su
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Das AK, Mekkat R, Maity S, Nair AS, Bhandary S, Bhowal R, Patra A, Pathak B, Chopra D, Mandal S. Role of Ligand on Photophysical Properties of Nanoclusters with fcc Kernel: A Case Study of Ag 14(SC 6H 4X) 12(PPh 3) 8 (X = F, Cl, Br). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19270-19277. [PMID: 34882397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The structure-property correlation of a series of silver nanoclusters (NCs) is essential to understand the origin of photophysical properties. Here, we report a series of face-centered cubic (fcc)-based silver NCs by varying the halogen atom in the thiolate ligand to investigate the influence of the halide atoms on the electronic structure. These are {Ag14(FBT)12(PPh3)8·(solvent)x} (NC-1), Ag14(CBT)12(PPh3)8 (NC-2), and Ag14(BBT)12(PPh3)8 (NC-3), where 4-fluorothiophenol (FBT), 4-chlorothiophenol (CBT), and 4-bromothiophenol (BBT) have been utilized as thiolate ligands, respectively. Interestingly, the optical and electrochemical bandgap values of these NCs nicely correlated with the electronic effect of the halides, which is governed by the intracluster and interclusters π-π interactions. These clusters are emissive at room temperature and the luminescence intensity increases with the lowering of temperature. The short lifetime data suggest that the emission is predominantly originating due to the interband relaxation (d → sp) of the Ag cores. Femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra revealed similar types of decay profiles for NC-2 and NC-3 and longer decay time for NC-2. The relaxation dominates the decay profile to the surface states and most of the excited-state energy dissipates via this process. This supports the molecular-like dynamics of these series of NCs with an fcc core. This overview shed light on an in-depth understanding of ligand's role in luminescence and transient absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 69551, India
| | - Roopesh Mekkat
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 69551, India
| | - Subarna Maity
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Rohit Bhowal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 69551, India
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Jana A, Jash M, Poonia AK, Paramasivam G, Islam MR, Chakraborty P, Antharjanam S, Machacek J, Ghosh S, Adarsh KNVD, Base T, Pradeep T. Light-Activated Intercluster Conversion of an Atomically Precise Silver Nanocluster. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15781-15793. [PMID: 34605625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters protected with carboranes, a 12-vertex, nearly icosahedral boron-carbon framework system, have received immense attention due to their different physicochemical properties. We have synthesized ortho-carborane-1,2-dithiol (CBDT) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) coprotected [Ag42(CBDT)15(TPP)4]2- (shortly Ag42) using a ligand-exchange induced structural transformation reaction starting from [Ag18H16(TPP)10]2+ (shortly Ag18). The formation of Ag42 was confirmed using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple UV-vis optical absorption features, which exhibit characteristic patterns, confirmed its molecular nature. Ag42 is the highest nuclearity silver nanocluster protected with carboranes reported so far. Although these clusters are thermally stable up to 200 °C in their solid state, light-irradiation of its solutions in dichloromethane results in its structural conversion to [Ag14(CBDT)6(TPP)6] (shortly Ag14). Single crystal X-ray diffraction of Ag14 exhibits Ag8-Ag6 core-shell structure of this nanocluster. Other spectroscopic and microscopic studies also confirm the formation of Ag14. Time-dependent mass spectrometry revealed that this light-activated intercluster conversion went through two sets of intermediate clusters. The first set of intermediates, [Ag37(CBDT)12(TPP)4]3- and [Ag35(CBDT)8(TPP)4]2- were formed after 8 h of light irradiation, and the second set comprised of [Ag30(CBDT)8(TPP)4]2-, [Ag26(CBDT)11(TPP)4]2-, and [Ag26(CBDT)7(TPP)7]2- were formed after 16 h of irradiation. After 24 h, the conversion to Ag14 was complete. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the kernel-centered excited state molecular orbitals of Ag42 are responsible for light-activated transformation. Interestingly, Ag42 showed near-infrared emission at 980 nm (1.26 eV) with a lifetime of >1.5 μs, indicating phosphorescence, while Ag14 shows red luminescence at 626 nm (1.98 eV) with a lifetime of 550 ps, indicating fluorescence. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption showed the transitions between their electronic energy levels and associated carrier dynamics. Formation of the stable excited states of Ag42 is shown to be responsible for the core transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Madhuri Jash
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Poonia
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Sudhadevi Antharjanam
- Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facility (SAIF), Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Jan Machacek
- Department of Synthesis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science, 1001 Husinec-Rez, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | | | - Tomas Base
- Department of Synthesis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science, 1001 Husinec-Rez, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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30
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Zhou M, Qi C, Yan X, Li X, Jin S, Zhu M. Rapid Conversion of a Au 9 Ag 12 into a Au x Ag 16-x Nanocluster via Bisphosphine Ligand Engineering. Chemistry 2021; 27:17554-17558. [PMID: 34643967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The [Aux Ag16-x (SAdm)8 (Dppe)2 ] nanocluster with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was synthesized from a non-fluorescent [Au9 Ag12 (SAdm)4 (Dppm)6 Cl6 ](SbF6 )3 nanocluster via a ligand-exchange engineering (Dppe=1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, Dppm=Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, HSAdm=1-Adamantanethiol). The nanocluster has a Au-doped icosahedral Aux Ag13-x core, capped by two Ag(SR)3 , one Ag(SR)2 and two Dppe ligands. By changing the achiral Dppe ligand into a chiral dbpb ligand ((2S,3S)-(-)-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane or (2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane), chiral nanoclusters are obtained. ESI-MS and UV-vis spectroscopy were performed to track the reaction. This work provides guidance for the construction of new clusters by etching clusters with multidentate phosphine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for, Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei Lianhua Rd 1688, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxun Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for, Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for, Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for, Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for, Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
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31
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Bootharaju MS, Lee S, Deng G, Chang H, Baek W, Hyeon T. High photoluminescence from self-assembled Ag 2Cl 2(dppe) 2 clusters through metallophilic interactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014307. [PMID: 34241379 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) are an emerging class of functional materials with intriguing photophysical and chemical properties. The size and molecular structure play an important role in endowing NCs with characteristic optical and electronic properties. Modulation of these properties through the chemical reactivity of NCs is largely unexplored. Here, we report on the synthesis of self-assembled Ag2Cl2(dppe)2 clusters through the ligand-exchange-induced transformation of [Pt2Ag23Cl7(PPh3)10] NCs [(dppe): 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; (PPh3): triphenylphosphine]. The single crystal x-ray structure reveals that two Ag atoms are bridged by one dppe and two Cl ligands, forming a Ag2Cl2(dppe) cluster, which is subsequently self-assembled through dppe ligands to form [Ag2Cl2(dppe)2]n. Importantly, the Ag2Cl2(dppe)2 cluster assembly exhibits high photoluminescence quantum yield: ∼18%, which is attributed to the metallophilic interactions and rigidification of the ligand shell. We hope that this work will motivate the exploitation of the chemical reactivity of NCs as a new path to attain cluster assemblies endowed with enhanced photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Guocheng Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woonhyuk Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
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32
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Lakshmi KM, Pradeep T, Shibu ES. Self-Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005718. [PMID: 33491918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Bodiuzzaman M, Dar WA, Pradeep T. Cocrystals of Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003981. [PMID: 33185007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization is a phenomenon involving the assembly of two or more different chemical entities in a lattice, occurring typically through supramolecular interactions. In this concept, recent advancements in the cocrystallization of atomically precise noble metal clusters and their potential future directions are presented. Different strategies to create coassemblies of thiolate-protected noble metal nanoclusters are presented first. An approach is the simultaneous synthesis, and cocrystallization of two clusters having similar structures. A unique pair of clusters found recently, namely Ag40 and Ag46 with same core but different shell are taken to illustrate this. In another category, the case of the same core is presented, namely Ag116 with different shells, as in a mixture of Ag210 and Ag211 . Next, an intercluster reaction is presented to create cocrystals through selective crystallization of the reaction products. The coexistence of competing effects, magic sizes, and magic electron shells in a coassembly of alloy nanoclusters is discussed next. Finally, an assembly strategy for nanoclusters using electrostatic interactions is described. This concept is concluded with a future perspective on the emerging possibilities of such solids. Advancements in this field will certainly help the development of novel materials with exciting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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35
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Zeng Y, Havenridge S, Gharib M, Baksi A, Weerawardene KLDM, Ziefuß AR, Strelow C, Rehbock C, Mews A, Barcikowski S, Kappes MM, Parak WJ, Aikens CM, Chakraborty I. Impact of Ligands on Structural and Optical Properties of Ag 29 Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9405-9414. [PMID: 34138547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A ligand exchange strategy has been employed to understand the role of ligands on the structural and optical properties of atomically precise 29 atom silver nanoclusters (NCs). By ligand optimization, ∼44-fold quantum yield (QY) enhancement of Ag29(BDT)12-x(DHLA)x NCs (x = 1-6) was achieved, where BDT and DHLA refer to 1,3-benzene-dithiol and dihydrolipoic acid, respectively. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to monitor ligand exchange, and structures of the different NCs were obtained through density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results from Ag29(BDT)11(DHLA) NCs were further experimentally verified through collisional cross-section (CCS) analysis using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM MS). An excellent match in predicted CCS values and optical properties with the respective experimental data led to a likely structure of Ag29(DHLA)12 NCs consisting of an icosahedral core with an Ag16S24 shell. Combining the experimental observation with DFT structural analysis of a series of atomically precise NCs, Ag29-yAuy(BDT)12-x(DHLA)x (where y, x = 0,0; 0,1; 0,12 and 1,12; respectively), it was found that while the metal core is responsible for the origin of photoluminescence (PL), ligands play vital roles in determining their resultant PLQY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Mustafa Gharib
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Radiation Biology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - K L Dimuthu M Weerawardene
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Anna Rosa Ziefuß
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Christian Strelow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg 20146, Germany.,CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Department of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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A sky-blue luminescent silver(I) complex with a one-dimensional zipper-like structure constructed with 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine and thiocyanate. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-021-00457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Vinoth R, Mohan AMV, Shibu ES. Light-Emitting Atomically Precise Nanocluster-Based Flexible QR Codes for Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10583-10593. [PMID: 33591728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the field of fluorescence-based anticounterfeiting, the advanced anticounterfeiting techniques are still posing challenges all over the world due to their cost and reliability. Recently, light-emitting atomically precise nanoclusters have emerged as attractive building blocks because of their well-defined structure, function, and stable photoluminescence. Herein, we report the room temperature fabrication of a stable, flexible, nontoxic, and low-cost precision nanocluster-based luminescent ink for the stencil printing of an optically unclonable security label. Nanocluster-based printing ink shows brilliant photoluminescence owing to its extended C-H···π/π···π interactions. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations show that intercalated nanoclusters in the printed security labels are highly stable as their optical features and molecular compositions are unaffected. The exceptional mechanical, thermal, photo, and aqueous stabilities of the printed security labels endorse to demonstrate the printing and smartphone-based electronic reading of the quick response code on a currency. Finally, confidential information protection and decryption under a precise window of light have been achieved by adopting the optical contrast illusion. The overall cost of the security label is found to be approximately 0.013 USD per stamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Vinoth
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEC) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A M Vinu Mohan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEC) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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38
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Li T, Li Q, Yang S, Xu L, Chai J, Li P, Zhu M. Surface engineering of linearly fused Au 13 units using diphosphine and Cd doping. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4682-4685. [PMID: 33977990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, surface engineering was delicately performed to assemble two new Au-Cd alloy nanoclusters, including [Cd2Au17(S-c-C6H11)12(DPPP)2](BPh4) and Cd2Au29(TBBT)17(DPPF)2. Both the Au13 (in Cd2Au17) and Au25 (in Cd2Au29) cores were covered by two identical Au2Cd(SR)6 motifs and two diphosphine ligands. In addition, their optical properties were explored to give clues on the kernel- and surface-dependent electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Qinzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Liyun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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39
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Zhu C, Duan T, Li H, Wei X, Kang X, Pei Y, Zhu M. Structural determination of a metastable Ag 27 nanocluster and its transformations into Ag 8 and Ag 29 nanoclusters. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The atomically precise structure of a metastable nanocluster, Ag27H11(SPhMe2)12(DPPM)6, was determined, and its transformations into size-reduction Ag8 and size-growth Ag29 nanoclusters have been mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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40
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Jin Y, Zhang C, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Shell engineering to achieve modification and assembly of atomically-precise silver clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2297-2319. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on the modification and assembly of atomically-precise silver clusters by changing shell layers for more stability and functionalities, especially for brighter luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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41
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Chang H, Karan NS, Shin K, Bootharaju MS, Nah S, Chae SI, Baek W, Lee S, Kim J, Son YJ, Kang T, Ko G, Kwon SH, Hyeon T. Highly Fluorescent Gold Cluster Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:326-334. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Niladri S. Karan
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane. S. Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue In Chae
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhyuk Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Son
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Giho Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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42
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Barani H, Mahltig B. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Effect of Reaction Temperature and Precursor Concentration on Fluorescent Property. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Yao Q, Wu Z, Liu Z, Lin Y, Yuan X, Xie J. Molecular reactivity of thiolate-protected noble metal nanoclusters: synthesis, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:99-127. [PMID: 34163584 PMCID: PMC8178751 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolate-protected noble metal (e.g., Au and Ag) nanoclusters (NCs) are ultra-small particles with a core size of less than 3 nm. Due to the strong quantum confinement effects and diverse atomic packing modes in this ultra-small size regime, noble metal NCs exhibit numerous molecule-like optical, magnetic, and electronic properties, making them an emerging family of "metallic molecules". Based on such molecule-like structures and properties, an individual noble metal NC behaves as a molecular entity in many chemical reactions, and exhibits structurally sensitive molecular reactivity to various ions, molecules, and other metal NCs. Although this molecular reactivity determines the application of NCs in various fields such as sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis, there is still a lack of systematic summary of the molecular interaction/reaction fundamentals of noble metal NCs at the molecular and atomic levels in the current literature. Here, we discuss the latest progress in understanding and exploiting the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in their synthesis, self-assembly and application scenarios, based on the typical M(0)@M(i)-SR core-shell structure scheme, where M and SR are the metal atom and thiolate ligand, respectively. In particular, the continuous development of synthesis and characterization techniques has enabled noble metal NCs to be produced with molecular purity and atomically precise structural resolution. Such molecular purity and atomically precise structure, coupled with the great help of theoretical calculations, have revealed the active sites in various structural hierarchies of noble metal NCs (e.g., M(0) core, M-S interface, and SR ligand) for their molecular interactions/reactions. The anatomy of such molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in synthesis, self-assembly, and applications (e.g., sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis) constitutes another center of our discussion. The basis and practicality of the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs exemplified in this Review may increase the acceptance of metal NCs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhennan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Yingzheng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China 266042
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
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Kang X, Li Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6443-6514. [PMID: 32760953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters fill the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles, providing unique opportunities for investigating the quantum effects and precise structure-property correlations at the atomic level. As a versatile strategy, alloying can largely improve the physicochemical performances compared to the corresponding homo-metal nanoclusters, and thus benefit the applications of such nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the achievements of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and summarize the alloying principles and fundamentals, including the synthetic methods, site-preferences for different heteroatoms in the templates, and alloying-induced structure and property changes. First, based on various Au or Ag nanocluster templates, heteroatom doping modes are presented. The templates with electronic shell-closing configurations tend to maintain their structures during doping, while the others may undergo transformation and give rise to alloy nanoclusters with new structures. Second, alloy nanoclusters of specific magic sizes are reviewed. The arrangement of different atoms is related to the symmetry of the structures; that is, different atoms are symmetrically located in the nanoclusters of smaller sizes, and evolve into shell-by-shell structures at larger sizes. Then, we elaborate on the alloying effects in terms of optical, electrochemical, electroluminescent, magnetic and chiral properties, as well as the stability and reactivity via comparisons between the doped nanoclusters and their homo-metal counterparts. For example, central heteroatom-induced photoluminescence enhancement is emphasized. The applications of alloy nanoclusters in catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-labeling, and other fields are further discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on existing issues and future efforts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and controllable doping modes so as to achieve more alloy nanoclusters with customized compositions, structures, and properties for applications. This review is based on publications available up to February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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45
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Ganayee MA, Manju CK, Dar WA, Mondal B, Pradeep T. Entrapping Atomically Precise Clusters in Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Aminoclay Sheets: Synthesis and Enhanced Luminescence. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azhardin Ganayee
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C. K. Manju
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Biswajt Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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46
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Ruan ZW, Zhang X, Pang AY, Dai FR, Chen ZN. Blue luminescent silver(I) complexes constructed by 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine and dicyanamide or tricyanomethanide. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Veenstra AP, Monzel L, Baksi A, Czekner J, Lebedkin S, Schneider EK, Pradeep T, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Isolated Ag 29(BDT) 123- Probed by Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2675-2681. [PMID: 32167769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of the isolated trianion Ag29(BDT)123- (BDT = benzenedithiolate), a ligand-protected cluster comprising BDT-based ligands, terminating a shell of silver thiolates and a core of silver atoms, was studied in the gas phase by femtosecond time-resolved, pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy. UV excitation at 490 nm populates one or more singlet excited states with significant charge transfer (CT) character in which electron density is shifted from shell to core. These CT states relax on an average time scale of several hundred femtoseconds by charge recombination to yield either the vibrationally excited singlet ground state (internal conversion) or a long-lived triplet (intersystem crossing). Our study is the first ultrafast spectroscopic probe of a ligand-protected coinage metal cluster in isolation. In the future, it will be interesting to study how cluster size, overall charge state, or heteroatom doping can be used to tune the corresponding relaxation dynamics in the absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron P Veenstra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laurenz Monzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Erik K Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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48
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Sugi KS, Bhat S, Nag A, Ganesan P, Mahendranath A, Pradeep T. Ligand structure and charge state-dependent separation of monolayer protected Au25 clusters using non-aqueous reversed-phase HPLC. Analyst 2020; 145:1337-1345. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a systematic flow rate dependent study of three different aliphatic ligand protected Au25 clusters, with three commercially available reversed-phase HPLC columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korath Shivan Sugi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Shridevi Bhat
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Abhijit Nag
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Paramasivam Ganesan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Ananthu Mahendranath
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE)
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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49
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Maity S, Bain D, Patra A. An overview on the current understanding of the photophysical properties of metal nanoclusters and their potential applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22685-22723. [PMID: 31774095 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photophysics of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (MNCs) is an emerging area of research due to their potential applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, sensing, bio-imaging and catalysis. An overview of the recent advances in the photophysical properties of MNCs is presented in this review. To begin with, we illustrate general synthesis methodologies of MNCs using direct reduction, chemical etching, ligand exchange, metal exchange and intercluster reaction. Due to strong quantum confinement, the NCs possess unique electronic properties such as discrete optical absorption, intense photoluminescence (PL), molecular-like electron dynamics and non-linear optical behavior. Discussions have also been carried out to unveil the influence of the core size, nature of ligands, heteroatom doping, and surrounding environments on the optical absorption and photophysical properties of metal clusters. Recent findings reveal that the excited-state dynamics, nonlinear optical properties and aggregation induced emission of metal clusters offer exciting opportunities for potential applications. We discuss briefly about their versatile applications in optoelectronics, sensing, catalysis and bio-imaging. Finally, the future perspective of this research field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Maity
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Dipankar Bain
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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50
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Khatun E, Bodiuzzaman M, Sugi KS, Chakraborty P, Paramasivam G, Dar WA, Ahuja T, Antharjanam S, Pradeep T. Confining an Ag 10 Core in an Ag 12 Shell: A Four-Electron Superatom with Enhanced Photoluminescence upon Crystallization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5753-5759. [PMID: 31017759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a cluster coprotected by thiol and diphosphine ligands, [Ag22(dppe)4(2,5-DMBT)12Cl4]2+ (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; 2,5-DMBT= 2,5-dimethylbenzenethiol), which has an Ag10 core encapsulated by an Ag12(dppe)4(2,5-DMBT)12Cl4 shell. The Ag10 core comprises two Ag5 distorted trigonal bipyramidal units and is uncommon in Au and Ag nanoclusters. The electrospray ionization mass spectrum reveals that the cluster is divalent and contains four free electrons. An uncommon crystallization-induced enhancement of emission is observed in the cluster. The emission is weak in the solution and amorphous states. However, it is enhanced 12 times in the crystalline state compared to the amorphous state. A detailed investigation of the crystal structure suggests that well-arranged C-H···π and π···π interactions between the ligands are the major factors for this enhanced emission. Further, in-depth structural elucidation and density functional theory calculations suggest that the cluster is a superatom with four magic electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Korath Shivan Sugi
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Wakeel Ahmed Dar
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Tripti Ahuja
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Sudhadevi Antharjanam
- Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facility , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
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