1
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Li Z, An X, Wang X, Lu W, Wen X, Zhang X, Xue DJ. Unusual defect properties of the one-dimensional photovoltaic semiconductor selenium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:11092-11095. [PMID: 39279502 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Defect tolerance is crucial in photovoltaic absorbers. Here we report that trigonal selenium (t-Se) exhibits a perovskite-like antibonding valence band maximum arising from Se p-p coupling. This results in the shallow nature of dominant Se vacancy defects. We further reveal the unique defect self-healing characteristic of Se intrinsic point defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430220, China
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Cultural and Technological Industry Innovation of Tongren, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Xiaoyan An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding-Jiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Kývala L, Angeletti A, Franchini C, Dellago C. Diffusion and Coalescence of Phosphorene Monovacancies Studied Using High-Dimensional Neural Network Potentials. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:23743-23751. [PMID: 38115818 PMCID: PMC10726346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c05713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The properties of two-dimensional materials are strongly affected by defects that are often present in considerable numbers. In this study, we investigate the diffusion and coalescence of monovacancies in phosphorene using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations accelerated by high-dimensional neural network potentials. Trained and validated with reference data obtained with density functional theory (DFT), such surrogate models provide the accuracy of DFT at a much lower cost, enabling simulations on time scales that far exceed those of first-principles MD. Our microsecond long simulations reveal that monovacancies are highly mobile and move predominantly in the zigzag rather than armchair direction, consistent with the energy barriers of the underlying hopping mechanisms. In further simulations, we find that monovacancies merge into energetically more stable and less mobile divacancies following different routes that may involve metastable intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Kývala
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Physics, University of
Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Physics, University of
Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Università
di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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3
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He Q, Sheng B, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Qiao S, Wang Z, Song L. Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10750-10807. [PMID: 37581572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties for various energy applications. These properties are often derived from the phase structures established through a range of physical and chemical design strategies. A concrete analysis of the phase structures and real reaction mechanisms of 2D energy nanomaterials requires advanced characterization methods that offer valuable information as much as possible. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the phase engineering of typical 2D nanomaterials with the focus of synchrotron radiation characterizations. In particular, the intrinsic defects, atomic doping, intercalation, and heterogeneous interfaces on 2D nanomaterials are introduced, together with their applications in energy-related fields. Among them, synchrotron-based multiple spectroscopic techniques are emphasized to reveal their intrinsic phases and structures. More importantly, various in situ methods are employed to provide deep insights into their structural evolutions under working conditions or reaction processes of 2D energy nanomaterials. Finally, conclusions and research perspectives on the future outlook for the further development of 2D energy nanomaterials and synchrotron radiation light sources and integrated techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun He
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Beibei Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Kefu Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Sicong Qiao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Zhouxin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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4
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Huang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang Y, Yin H. Effect of vacancy defects on transport in all-phosphorene nanoribbon devices from first principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37401346 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Defects in experimentally manufactured phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) occur unavoidably, affecting the functionality of PNR-based devices. In this work, we theoretically propose and investigate an all-PNR devices with single-vacancy (SV) defects and double-vacancy (DV) defects along the zigzag direction, accounting for both hydrogen passivation and non-passivation scenarios. We discovered that, in the case of hydrogen passivation, the DV defect can introduce in-gap states, whereas the SV defect can result in p-type doping. The unpassivated hydrogen nanoribbon exhibits an edge state with a considerable influence on the transport properties, which also masks the effect of defects on transport; furthermore, it demonstrates the phenomenon of negative differential resistance, whose occurrence and characteristics depend less on the presence or absence of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Haitao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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5
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Nene A, Geng S, Zhou W, Yu XF, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Black Phosphorous Aptamer-based Platform for Biomarker Detection. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:935-952. [PMID: 35220933 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanostructures (nano-BPs) mainly include BP nanosheets (BP NSs), BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and other nano-BPs-based particles at nanoscale. Firstly discovered in 2014, nano-BPs are one of the most popular nanomaterials. Different synthesis methods are discussed in short to understand the basic concepts and developments in synthesis. Exfoliated nano-BPs, i.e. nano-BPs possess high surface area, high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent biocompatibility, high charge carrier mobility (~1000 cm-2V-1s-1), thermal conductivity of 86 Wm-1K-1; and these properties make it a highly potential candidate for fabrication of biosensing platform. These properties enable nano-BPs to be promising photothermal/drug delivery agents as well as in electrochemical data storage devices and sensing devices; and in super capacitors, photodetectors, photovoltaics and solar cells, LEDs, super-conductors, etc. Early diagnosis is very critical in the health sector scenarios. This review attempts to highlight the attempts made towards attaining stable BP, BP-aptamer conjugates for successful biosensing applications. BP-aptamer- based platforms are reviewed to highlight the significance of BP in detecting biological and physiological markers of cardiovascular diseases and cancer; to be useful in disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nene
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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6
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Shen N. Interlayer Doping of Cu on Bilayer Black Phosphorus for Enhanced Charge Transfer and Transport Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11489-11495. [PMID: 36469492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal doping between black phosphorus (BP) layers has great advantages in modulating electronic properties. Here, the effects of Cu intercalation on charge transfer and carrier dynamics are investigated by theoretical calculations. Relative to the pristine bilayer BP, Cu suppresses the nonradiative electron-hole recombination, reducing the major pathways of energy and current loss. Furthermore, we investigate a novel pn homogeneous junction based on the Cu-doped bilayer BP, which shows enhanced transport properties and Ohmic contact characteristics. This is because doping leads to the transformation of BP from p-type to n-type, charge accumulation on conduction bands allows electrons to be easily transferred to the p-type bilayer BP, and associated electrical properties can be modulated by the doping concentration. This study has fundamental importance for understanding structure-property relationships in metal intercalation, which is an important guidance for integration and interlayer engineering for two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shen
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China 518055
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials by Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, China 518055
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7
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Harsh R, Mondal S, Sharma D, Bouatou M, Chacon C, Ilyn M, Rogero C, Repain V, Bellec A, Girard Y, Rousset S, Sankar R, Pai WW, Narasimhan S, Lagoute J. Identification and Manipulation of Defects in Black Phosphorus. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6276-6282. [PMID: 35775724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We identify and manipulate commonly occurring defects in black phosphorus, combining scanning tunneling microscopy experiments with density functional theory calculations. A ubiquitous defect, imaged at negative bias as a bright dumbbell extending over several nanometers, is shown to arise from a substitutional Sn impurity in the second sublayer. Another frequently observed defect type is identified as arising from an interstitial Sn atom; this defect can be switched to a more stable configuration consisting of a Sn substitutional defect + P adatom, by application of an electrical pulse via the STM tip. DFT calculations show that this pulse-induced structural transition switches the system from a non-magnetic configuration to a magnetic one. We introduce States Projected Onto Individual Layers (SPOIL) quantities which provide information about atom-wise and orbital-wise contributions to bias-dependent features observed in STM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Harsh
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sourav Mondal
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Devina Sharma
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Mehdi Bouatou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Chacon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxim Ilyn
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Celia Rogero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
| | - Vincent Repain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Bellec
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yann Girard
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rousset
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Woei Wu Pai
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013, Paris, France
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8
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Fang H, Gallardo A, Dulal D, Qiu Z, Su J, Telychko M, Mahalingam H, Lyu P, Han Y, Zheng Y, Cai Y, Rodin A, Jelínek P, Lu J. Electronic Self-Passivation of Single Vacancy in Black Phosphorus via Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:176801. [PMID: 35570438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.176801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report that monoelemental black phosphorus presents a new electronic self-passivation scheme of single vacancy (SV). By means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the local reconstruction and ionization of SV into negatively charged SV^{-} leads to the passivation of dangling bonds and, thus, the quenching of in-gap states, which can be achieved by mild thermal annealing or STM tip manipulation. SV exhibits a strong and symmetric Friedel oscillation (FO) pattern, while SV^{-} shows an asymmetric FO pattern with local perturbation amplitude reduced by one order of magnitude and a faster decay rate. The enhanced passivation by forming SV^{-} can be attributed to its weak dipolelike perturbation, consistent with density-functional theory numerical calculations. Therefore, self-passivated SV^{-} is electrically benign and acts as a much weaker scattering center, which may hold the key to further enhance the charge mobility of black phosphorus and its analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Aurelio Gallardo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague 180 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dikshant Dulal
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yixuan Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 312007, China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Joint Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Aleksandr Rodin
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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9
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Chen C, Ou W, Yam KM, Xi S, Zhao X, Chen S, Li J, Lyu P, Ma L, Du Y, Yu W, Fang H, Yao C, Hai X, Xu H, Koh MJ, Pennycook SJ, Lu J, Lin M, Su C, Zhang C, Lu J. Zero-Valent Palladium Single-Atoms Catalysts Confined in Black Phosphorus for Efficient Semi-Hydrogenation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008471. [PMID: 34296473 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) represent a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their remarkable catalytic properties and maximized atomic utilization. However, single atoms often bond to the support with polarized electron density and thus exhibit a high valence state, limiting their catalytic scopes in many chemical transformations. Here, it is demonstrated that 2D black phosphorus (BP) acts as giant phosphorus (P) ligand to confine a high density of single atoms (e.g., Pd1 , Pt1 ) via atomic layer deposition. Unlike other 2D materials, BP with relatively low electronegativity and buckled structure favors the strong confinement of robust zero-valent palladium SACs in the vacancy site. Metallic Pd1 /BP SAC shows a highly selective semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene toward styrene, distinct from metallic Pd nanoparticles that facilitate the formation of fully hydrogenated products. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Pd atom forms covalent-like bonding with adjacent P atoms, wherein H atoms tend to adsorb, aiding the dissociative adsorption of H2 . Zero-valent Pd in the confined space favors a larger energy gain for the synthesis of partially hydrogenated product over the fully hydrogenated one. This work provides a new route toward the synthesis of zero-valent SACs on BP for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Wei Ou
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen, 518060, China
| | - Kah-Meng Yam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yonghua Du
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chuanhao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen, 518060, China
| | - Haomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Junling Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen, 518060, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
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10
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Gupta S, Periasamy P, Narayanan B. Defect dynamics in two-dimensional black phosphorus under argon ion irradiation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8575-8590. [PMID: 33912891 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying production, accumulation, and temporal evolution of defects in phosphorene during noble-gas ion irradiation is crucial to design efficient defect engineering routes to fabricate next-generation materials for energy technologies. Here, we employed classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations using a reactive force field to unravel the effect of defect dynamics on the structural changes in a monolayer of phosphorene induced by argon-ion irradiation, and its subsequent relaxation during post-radiation annealing treatment. Analysis of our CMD trajectories using unsupervised machine learning methods showed that radiation fluence strongly influences the types of defect that form, their dynamics, and their relaxation mechanisms during subsequent annealing. Low ion fluences yielded a largely crystalline sheet featuring isolated small voids (up to 2 nm), Stone-Wales defects, and mono-/di-vacancies; while large nanopores (∼10 nm) can form beyond a critical fluence of ∼1014 ions per cm2. During post-radiation annealing, we found two distinct relaxation mechanisms, depending on the fluence level. The isolated small voids (1-2 nm) formed at low ion-fluences heal via local re-arrangement of rings, which is facilitated by a cooperative mechanism involving a series of atomic motions that include thermal rippling, bond formation, bond rotation, angle bending and dihedral twisting. On the other hand, damaged structures obtained at high fluences exhibit pronounced coalescence of nanopores mediated by 3D networks of P-centered tetrahedra. These findings provide new perspectives to use ion beams to precisely control the concentration and distribution of specific defect types in phosphorene for emerging applications in electronics, batteries, sensing, and neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 332 Eastern Parkway, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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11
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Kaewmaraya T, Ngamwongwan L, Moontragoon P, Jarernboon W, Singh D, Ahuja R, Karton A, Hussain T. Novel green phosphorene as a superior chemical gas sensing material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123340. [PMID: 32652419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green phosphorus and its monolayer variant, green phosphorene (GreenP), are the recent members of two-dimensional (2D) phosphorus polymorphs. The new polymorph possesses the high stability, tunable direct bandgap, exceptional electronic transport, and directionally anisotropic properties. All these unique features could reinforce it the new contender in a variety of electronic, optical, and sensing devices. Herein, we present gas-sensing characteristics of pristine and defected GreenP towards major environmental gases (i. e., NH3, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, and H2O) using combination of the density functional theory, statistical thermodynamic modeling, and the non-equilibrium Green's function approach (NEGF). The calculated adsorption energies, density of states (DOS), charge transfer, and Crystal Orbital Hamiltonian Population (COHP) reveal that NO, NO2, CO, CO2 are adsorbed on GreenP, stronger than both NH3 and H2O, which are weakly physisorbed via van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, substitutional doping by sulfur can selectively intensify the adsorption towards crucial NO2 gas because of the enhanced charge transfer between p orbitals of the dopant and the analyte. The statistical estimation of macroscopic measurable adsorption densities manifests that the significant amount of NO2 molecules can be practically adsorbed at ambient temperature even at the ultra-low concentration of part per billion (ppb). In addition, the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of S-doped GreenP exhibit a variation upon NO2 exposure, indicating the superior sensitivity in sensing devices. Our work sheds light on the promising application of the novel GreenP as promising chemical gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaewmaraya
- Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Research Network of NANOTEC- KKU (RNN), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - L Ngamwongwan
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - P Moontragoon
- Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Research Network of NANOTEC- KKU (RNN), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - W Jarernboon
- Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Research Network of NANOTEC- KKU (RNN), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - D Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, S-75120, Uppsala, Sweden; Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - T Hussain
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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12
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Abraham N, Murali K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Majumdar K. Astability versus Bistability in van der Waals Tunnel Diode for Voltage Controlled Oscillator and Memory Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15678-15687. [PMID: 33091295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) tunnel junctions are attractive because of their atomically sharp interface, gate tunability, and robustness against lattice mismatch between the successive layers. However, the negative differential resistance (NDR) demonstrated in this class of tunnel diodes often exhibits noisy behavior with low peak current density and lacks robustness and repeatability, limiting their practical circuit applications. Here, we propose a strategy of using a 1L-WS2 as an optimum tunnel barrier sandwiched in a broken gap tunnel junction of highly doped black phosphorus (BP) and SnSe2. We achieve high yield tunnel diodes exhibiting highly repeatable, ultraclean, and gate-tunable NDR characteristics with a signature of intrinsic oscillation, and a large peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 3.6 at 300 K (4.6 at 7 K), making them suitable for practical applications. We show that the thermodynamic stability of the vdW tunnel diode circuit can be tuned from astability to bistability by altering the constraint through choosing a voltage or a current bias, respectively. In the astable mode under voltage bias, we demonstrate a compact, voltage-controlled oscillator without the need for an external tank circuit. In the bistable mode under current bias, we demonstrate a highly scalable, single-element, one-bit memory cell that is promising for dense random access memory applications in memory intensive computation architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Abraham
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Krishna Murali
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kausik Majumdar
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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13
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Xu W, Gan L, Wang R, Wu X, Xu H. Surface Adsorption and Vacancy in Tuning the Properties of Tellurene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19110-19115. [PMID: 32233411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emerging two-dimensional tellurene has been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for photoelectronic devices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive insight into the effects of vacancies and common adsorbates (i.e., O2 and H2O) in ambient conditions, which play a crucial role in semiconducting devices. In this work, with the aid of first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that H2O and O2 molecules behave qualitatively differently on tellurene, while water adsorption can be remarkably promoted by adjacent preadsorbed O2. Upon the formation of Te vacancies, the adsorption of both O2 and H2O molecules is enhanced. More importantly, the existence of H2O and Te vacancies can dramatically facilitate the dissociation of O2, suggesting that tellurene may be readily oxidized in humid conditions. In addition, it is found that the electronic properties of tellurene are well preserved upon either H2O or O2 adsorption on the surface. In sharp contrast, vacancies enable significant modification on the band structure. Specifically, an indirect-to-direct band gap transition is found at a vacancy concentration of 5.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangping Xu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liyong Gan
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Wu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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