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Dhawale SC, Munde AV, Mulik BB, Dighole RP, Zade SS, Sathe BR. CTAB-Assisted Synthesis of FeNi Alloy Nanoparticles: Effective and Stable Electrocatalysts for Urea Oxidation Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2672-2685. [PMID: 38265983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for treating urea-rich wastewater is an important problem in environmental management and energy production. In this work, an iron-nickel alloy (Fe-Ni alloy) was synthesized via soft-template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted precipitation using low-temperature calcination. The as-synthesized nanoalloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed the formation of a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the Fe-Ni alloy; field emission-scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) analysis revealed the spherical shape of the Fe-Ni alloy; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed the average size to be ∼33.09 nm; and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of Fe, Ni, C, and O components and their chemical composition and valence states in the Fe-Ni alloy. The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) was investigated by conducting linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) tests on the synthesized electrocatalysts with different Ni/Fe ratios in alkaline electrolytes with urea. The potential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2 is 1.27 V vs RHE, which demonstrates the higher electrochemical activity of the Fe-Ni alloy compared to other individual compounds. This could be due to CTAB which improved the structural stability and synergetic and electronic effects in the nanoscale. This study will further contribute to renewable energy generation technology with long-term energy sustainability and also opens up great potential for reducing water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath C Dhawale
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay V Munde
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Balaji B Mulik
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
- MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raviraj P Dighole
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
- Arts, Science & Commerce College, Badnapur, Jalna 431202, India
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar R Sathe
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Nanotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar 431004, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao L, Cai Q, Mao B, Mao J, Dong H, Xiang Z, Zhu J, Paul R, Wang D, Long Y, Qu L, Yan R, Dai L, Hu C. A universal approach to dual-metal-atom catalytic sites confined in carbon dots for various target reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308828120. [PMID: 37871204 PMCID: PMC10622929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a molecular-design and carbon dot-confinement coupling strategy through the pyrolysis of bimetallic complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid under low-temperature is proposed as a universal approach to dual-metal-atom sites in carbon dots (DMASs-CDs). CDs as the "carbon islands" could block the migration of DMASs across "islands" to achieve dynamic stability. More than twenty DMASs-CDs with specific compositions of DMASs (pairwise combinations among Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo) have been synthesized successfully. Thereafter, high intrinsic activity is observed for the probe reaction of urea oxidation on NiMn-CDs. In situ and ex situ spectroscopic characterization and first-principle calculations unveil that the synergistic effect in NiMn-DMASs could stretch the urea molecule and weaken the N-H bond, endowing NiMn-CDs with a low energy barrier for urea dehydrogenation. Moreover, DMASs-CDs for various target electrochemical reactions, including but not limited to urea oxidation, are realized by optimizing the specific DMAS combination in CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Qifeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Baoguang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241002, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Rajib Paul
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH44242
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yongde Long
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Riqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
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3
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Feng C, Chen M, Zhou Y, Xie Z, Li X, Xiaokaiti P, Kansha Y, Abudula A, Guan G. High-entropy NiFeCoV disulfides for enhanced alkaline water/seawater electrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:724-734. [PMID: 37172482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Creating electrocatalysts with high activity and stability to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is of great importance to achieve the goal of hydrogen production from abundant seawater source, which however is still challenging owing to sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dynamics and the existed competitive chloride evolution reaction. Herein, high-entropy (NiFeCoV)S2 porous nanosheets are uniformly fabricated on Ni foam via a hydrothermal reaction process with a sequential sulfurization step for alkaline water/seawater electrolysis. The obtained rough and porous nanosheets provide large active surface area and exposed more active sites, which can facilitate mass transfer and are conducive to the improvement of the catalytic performance. Combined with the strong synergistic electron modulation effect of multi elements in (NiFeCoV)S2, the as-fabricated catalyst exhibits low OER overpotentials of 220 and 299 mV at 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline water and natural seawater, respectively. Besides, the catalyst can withstand a long-term durability test for more than 50 h without hypochlorite evolution, showing excellent corrosion resistance and OER selectivity. By employing the (NiFeCoV)S2 as the electrocatalyst for both anode and cathode to construct an overall water/seawater splitting electrolyzer, the required cell voltages are only 1.69 and 1.77 V to reach 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline water and natural seawater, respectively, showing a promising prospect towards the practical application for efficient water/seawater electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Feng
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Meng Chen
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Energy Conversion Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan; Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies, Hirosaki University, 1-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Zhengkun Xie
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | - Yasuki Kansha
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Abuliti Abudula
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Guoqing Guan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan; Energy Conversion Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan; Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies, Hirosaki University, 1-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan.
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Xie H, Feng Y, He X, Zhu Y, Li Z, Liu H, Zeng S, Qian Q, Zhang G. Construction of Nitrogen-Doped Biphasic Transition-Metal Sulfide Nanosheet Electrode for Energy-Efficient Hydrogen Production via Urea Electrolysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207425. [PMID: 36703521 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urea-assisted hybrid water splitting is a promising technology for hydrogen (H2 ) production, but the lack of cost-effective electrocatalysts hinders its extensive application. Herein, it is reported that Nitrogen-doped Co9 S8 /Ni3 S2 hybrid nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (N-Co9 S8 /Ni3 S2 /NF) can act as an active and robust bifunctional catalyst for both urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which could drive an ultrahigh current density of 400 mA cm-2 at a low working potential of 1.47 V versus RHE for UOR, and gives a low overpotential of 111 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 toward HER. Further, a hybrid water electrolysis cell utilizing the synthesized N-Co9 S8 /Ni3 S2 /NF electrode as both the cathode and anode displays a low cell voltage of 1.40 V to reach 10 mA cm-2 , which can be powered by an AA battery with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations decipher that N-doped heterointerfaces can synergistically optimize Gibbs free energy of hydrogen and urea, thus accelerating the catalytic kinetics of HER and UOR. This work significantly advances the development of the promising cobalt-nickel-based sulfide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for energy-saving electrolytic H2 production and urea-rich innocent wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Suyuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Qizhu Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Genqiang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Balasurya S, Okla MK, AbdElgawad H, Al-Ghamdi AA, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Al-Amri SS, Madany MMY, Khan SS. Self-propelled nanojets an interfacial Schottky junctions modulated oxygen vacancies enriched for enhanced photo-Fenton degradation of organic contaminant: Improving H 2O 2 generation, Fe 3+/Fe 2+ cycle and enhancing plant metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137516. [PMID: 36521743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study reports an innovative approach on sunlit driven heterostructure photocatalytic generation of H2O2 and removal of cefixime. In the present work, we have fabricated Mn/Mg doped CoFe2O4 modified CaCr2O4 decorated by Ag3PO4 quantum dots (Ag3PO4 QDs), a p-n-p nano heterojunction. The study promotes the photocatalytic production of H2O2 and self-Fenton photocatalytic degradation of cefixime. Egg white-assisted synthesis of Mn-doped CoFe2O4 causes the lattice oxygen defect, which enhances the photocatalytic activity. Lattice oxygen defect enable the adsorption of O2, which enable the conversion of •O2 in the valence band of CoFe2O4 for the endogenous production of H2O2. The higher in the surface area enhance the photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Mn-CoFe2O4-CaCr2O4-Ag3PO4 QDs enables the complete photocatalytic degradation of cefixime (99.9%) and the complete removal was determined by total organic carbon (TOC) removal and it was around 99.4%. Meanwhile the photocatalytic degradation pathway of cefixime was determined by LC-MS/MS. Reusability of the nano heterojunction was determined by six cycle test, and the reusability of the nano heterojunction was 99.8%. Further, the toxicity of the nanomaterial was studied in maize plant and the results shows that the nanoheterojunction enhances the maize growth. The study systematically reveals the robust activity of nano heterojunction for sustainable water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balasurya
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Abdullah A Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Saud S Al-Amri
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - S Sudheer Khan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Si F, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Liang Y, Wu X, Kang X, Yang X, Zhang J, Fu XZ, Luo JL. Surface Spin Enhanced High Stable NiCo 2 S 4 for Energy-Saving Production of H 2 from Water/Methanol Coelectrolysis at High Current Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205257. [PMID: 36344428 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nickel based materials are promising electrocatalysts to produce hydrogen from water in alkaline media. However, the stability is of great challenge, limiting its practical material functions. Herein, a new technique for electro-deposition flower-like NiCo2 S4 nanosheets on carbon-cloth (CC@NiCo2 S4 ) is proposed for energy-saving production of H2 from water/methanol coelectrolysis at high current density by constructing array architectures and regulating surface magnetism. The optimized and fine-tuned magnetism on the surface of the electrochemical in situ grown CC@NiCo2 S4 nanosheet array result in (0 1 -1) surface universally exposed, high catalytic activity for methanol electrooxidation, and long-term stability at high current density. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination of density functional theory calculations confirm the valence electron states and spin of d electrons for the surface of NiCo2 S4 , which enhance the surface stability of catalysts. This technology may be utilized to alter the surface magnetism and increase the stability of Ni-based electrocatalytic materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhan Si
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuexian Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xian-Zhu Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing-Li Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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7
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Sur S, Mondal R, Thimmappa R, Mukhopadhyay S, Thotiyl MO. Aqueous OH−/H+ dual-ion gradient assisted electricity effective electro-organic synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid paired with hydrogen fuel generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:477-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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UV-Visible-Near-Infrared-Driven Photoelectrocatalytic Urea Oxidation and Photocatalytic Urea Fuel Cells Based on Ruddlensden–Popper-Type Perovskite Oxide La2NiO4. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, as green and low-cost pollutant treatment technologies, have been widely used to simultaneously degrade pollutants and produce clean energy to solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, the disadvantages of photocatalysts in a narrow absorption range and low utilization rate of solar energy still hinder the practical application. Here we fabricate two-dimensional porous Ruddlensden–Popper type nickel-based perovskite oxide La2NiO4 as a noble metal-free photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic urea oxidation under full spectrum sunlight irradiation. The transient photocurrent density under near infrared (NIR) light (λ > 800 nm) can reach 50 μA cm−2. Urea wastewater was used as the fuel to obtain low-energy hydrogen production, and round-the-clock hydrogen production was achieved with the optimal yield of 22.76 μmol cm−2 h−1. Moreover, a photocatalytic urea fuel cell (PUFC) was constructed with La2NiO4 as the photoanode. The power density under UV-vis-NIR was 0.575 μW cm−2. Surprisingly, the filling factor (FF) under NIR light was 0.477, which was much higher than those under UV-vis-NIR and visible light. The results demonstrated that PUFCs constructed from low-cost nickel-based perovskite oxides have potential applications for low-energy hydrogen production and efficient utilization of sunlight.
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Yan D, Mebrahtu C, Wang S, Palkovits R. Innovative Electrochemical Strategies for Hydrogen Production: From Electricity Input to Electricity Output. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202214333. [PMID: 36437229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renewable H2 production by water electrolysis has attracted much attention due to its numerous advantages. However, the energy consumption of conventional water electrolysis is high and mainly driven by the kinetically inert anodic oxygen evolution reaction. An alternative approach is the coupling of different half-cell reactions and the use of redox mediators. In this review, we, therefore, summarize the latest findings on innovative electrochemical strategies for H2 production. First, we address redox mediators utilized in water splitting, including soluble and insoluble species, and the corresponding cell concepts. Second, we discuss alternative anodic reactions involving organic and inorganic chemical transformations. Then, electrochemical H2 production at both the cathode and anode, or even H2 production together with electricity generation, is presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects for the future development of this research field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chalachew Mebrahtu
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan Nan Road, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Research, Stiftstr. 34, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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10
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Liu B, Wang G, Feng X, Dai L, Wen Z, Ci S. Energy-saving H 2 production from a hybrid acid/alkali electrolyzer assisted by anodic glycerol oxidation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12841-12848. [PMID: 36039893 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is a promising technology for efficient hydrogen production, but it has been heavily hindered by the sluggish kinetics and high potential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Replacing the OER with the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) at the anode is recognized as a potential strategy to address this issue. In this work, the self-supported electrocatalytic electrode of Cu-Cu2O nanoclusters on carbon cloth (Cu-Cu2O/CC) is fabricated for the electrocatalysis of the GOR, which has high activity towards the GOR, reaching 10 mA cm-2 at an applied voltage of 1.21 V, and shows high selectivity for formate production with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 80% in a wide potential range. Moreover, a hybrid acid/alkali electrolyzer is assembled by coupling the Cu-Cu2O/CC anode for the GOR in an alkaline electrolyte with commercial Pt/C as the cathode for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acid electrolyte. The dual-electrolyte electrolytic cell only requires an applied voltage of 0.59 V to reach 10 mA cm-2 with a FE of ∼100% for H2 and 97% for formate production. This work provides a facile strategy for the application of glycerol upgradation in energy-saving water electrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Genxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Suqin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Yolk-shell nanostructural Ni2P/C composites as the high performance electrocatalysts toward urea oxidation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Li J, Li J, Gong M, Peng C, Wang H, Yang X. Catalyst Design and Progresses for Urea Oxidation Electrolysis in Alkaline Media. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wu Z. Co(OH)
2
Nanosheets Array Doped by Cu
2+
Ions with Optimal Electronic Structure for Urea‐Assisted Electrolytic Hydrogen Generation. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base) The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
| | - Wuzhengzhi Zhang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base) The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base) The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base) The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
| | - Zhengcui Wu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base) The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
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14
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Li Y, Wei X, Chen L, Shi J. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production Trilogy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19550-19571. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xinfa Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Lisong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xinfa Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Lisong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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16
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Wang K, Lin Z, Tang Y, Tang Z, Tao CL, Qin DD, Tian Y. Selenide/sulfide heterostructured NiCo2Se4/NiCoS4 for oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, water splitting and Zn-air batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Electrooxidation of Urea in Alkaline Solution Using Nickel Hydroxide Activated Carbon Paper Electrodeposited from DMSO Solution. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrooxidation of urea plays a substantial role in the elimination of urea-containing wastewater and industrial urea. Here, we report the electrodeposition of nickel hydroxide catalyst on commercial carbon paper (CP) electrodes from dimethyl sulphoxide solvent (Ni(OH)2-DMSO/CP) for urea electrooxidation under alkaline conditions. The physicochemical features of Ni(OH)2-DMSO/CP catalysts using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Ni(OH)2-DMSO/CP catalyst shows nanoparticle features, with loading of <1 wt%. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the Ni(OH)2-DMSO/CP electrode has a urea oxidation onset potential of 0.33 V vs. Ag/AgCl and superior electrocatalytic performance, which is a more than 2-fold higher activity in comparison with the counterpart Ni(OH)2 catalyst prepared from the aqueous electrolyte. As expected, the enhancement in electrocatalytic activity towards urea was associated with the superficial enrichment in the electrochemically active surface area of the Ni(OH)2-DMSO/CP electrodes. The results might be a promising way to activate commercial carbon paper with efficient transition metal electrocatalysts, for urea electrooxidation uses in sustainable energy systems, and for relieving water contamination.
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18
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Ding Y, Cai P, Wen Z. Electrochemical neutralization energy: from concept to devices. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1495-1511. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical neutralization energy establishes a bridge for facilitating energy conversion between some chemical energy and electric energy, shedding light on a promising strategy to develop high-performance aqueous electrochemical energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Pingwei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
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19
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Xu Y, Cai P, Chen K, Ding Y, Chen L, Chen W, Wen Z. High-Voltage Rechargeable Alkali-Acid Zn-PbO 2 Hybrid Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23593-23597. [PMID: 32931131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted attention owning to their advantages of safety, low cost, and sustainability, while the limited electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of water leads to their failure in competition with organic-based lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report an alkali-acid Zn-PbO2 hybrid aqueous battery obtained by coupling an alkaline Zn anode with an acidic PbO2 cathode. It shows the capability to deliver an impressively high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of 3.09 V and an operate voltage of 2.95 V at 5 mA cm-2 , thanks to the contribution of expanding the voltage window and the electrochemical neutralization energy from the alkali-acid asymmetric-electrolyte hybrid cell. The hybrid battery can potentially deliver a large area capacity over 2 mAh cm-2 or a high energy density of 252.39 Wh kg-1 and shows almost no fading in area capacity over 250 charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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20
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21
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Xu Y, Cai P, Chen K, Ding Y, Chen L, Chen W, Wen Z. High‐Voltage Rechargeable Alkali–Acid Zn–PbO
2
Hybrid Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yichun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Weifan Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
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22
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Wang S, Yang X, Liu Z, Yang D, Feng L. Efficient nanointerface hybridization in a nickel/cobalt oxide nanorod bundle structure for urea electrolysis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10827-10833. [PMID: 32393925 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urea electrolysis has received great attention for the energy-relevant applications, and efficient nanostructured catalysts are required to overcome the sluggish urea oxidation kinetics. Herein, we noticed that the valence state of Ni in the hybrid Ni/Co oxide nanorods can be correlated to the catalytic capability for urea oxidation. Crystal lattice hybridization was found in the interface of Ni/Co oxide nanoparticles that assembled as a nanorod bundle structure. The more or the less of Ni2+/Ni3+ generated lower catalytic ability, and Ni/Co oxide with the optimum content of Ni2+/Ni3+ exhibited the highest catalytic ability for urea oxidation because of the efficient synergism, resulting from the formation of high valence state of Ni species and improved kinetics. A low onset potential of 1.29 V was required for the urea oxidation compared with the high onset potential of 1.52 V for water oxidation; high selectivity for urea oxidation was found in the potential below 1.50 V, and as a promising application for urea-assisted water electrolysis about 190 mV less was required to provide 10 mA cm-2 in the two-electrode system, indicating the energy-efficient nature for hydrogen evolution. The study provides some novel insights into the Ni/Co catalyst design and fabrication with efficient catalytic synergism for electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Xudong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Zong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Dawen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Ligang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
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23
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Li M, Deng X, Xiang K, Liang Y, Zhao B, Hao J, Luo JL, Fu XZ. Value-Added Formate Production from Selective Methanol Oxidation as Anodic Reaction to Enhance Electrochemical Hydrogen Cogeneration. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:914-921. [PMID: 31808618 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic overall water splitting is a promising approach to produce H2 , but its efficiency is severely limited by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the low activity of current electrocatalysts. To solve these problems, in addition to the development of efficient precious-metal catalysts, an effective strategy is proposed to replace the OER by the selective methanol oxidation reaction. Ni-Co hydroxide [Nix Co1-x (OH)2 ] nanoarrays were obtained through a facile hydrothermal treatment as the bifunctional electrocatalysts for the co-electrolysis of methanol/water to produce H2 and value-added formate simultaneously. The electrocatalyst could catalyze selective methanol oxidation (≈1.32 V) with a significantly lower energy consumption (≈0.2 V less) than OER. Importantly, methanol was transformed exclusively to value-added formate with a high Faradaic efficiency (selectivity) close to 100 %. Specifically, a cell voltage of only approximately 1.5 V was required to generate a current density of 10 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, the Ni0.33 Co0.67 (OH)2 /Ni foam nanoneedle arrays presented an outstanding stability for overall co-electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Li Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Xian-Zhu Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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24
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Zhu B, Liang Z, Zou R. Designing Advanced Catalysts for Energy Conversion Based on Urea Oxidation Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906133. [PMID: 31913584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is the underlying reaction that determines the performance of modern urea-based energy conversion technologies. These technologies include electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical urea splitting for hydrogen production and direct urea fuel cells as power engines. They have demonstrated great potentials as alternatives to current water splitting and hydrogen fuel cell systems with more favorable operating conditions and cost effectiveness. At the moment, UOR performance is mainly limited by the 6-electron transfer process. In this case, various material design and synthesis strategies have recently been reported to produce highly efficient UOR catalysts. The performance of these advanced catalysts is optimized by the modification of their structural and chemical properties, including porosity development, heterostructure construction, defect engineering, surface functionalization, and electronic structure modulation. Considering the rich progress in this field, the recent advances in the design and synthesis of UOR catalysts for urea electrolysis, photoelectrochemical urea splitting, and direct urea fuel cells are reviewed here. Particular attention is paid to those design concepts, which specifically target the characteristics of urea molecules. Moreover, challenges and prospects for the future development of urea-based energy conversion technologies and corresponding catalysts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Zhu
- College of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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25
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Sun Y, Wang S, Ning J, Zhang Z, Zhong Y, Hu Y. A one-pot "shielding-to-etching" strategy to synthesize amorphous MoS 2 modified CoS/Co 0.85Se heterostructured nanotube arrays for boosted energy-saving H 2 generation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:991-1001. [PMID: 31840724 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a facile one-pot "shielding-to-etching" strategy has been designed for the synthesis of amorphous MoS2 modified CoS/Co0.85Se heterostructured nanotube arrays (a-MoS2/CoS/Co0.85Se HNTs) as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for boosted energy-saving H2 production, using Co(OH)x(CO3)y nanorods as the template. Interestingly, these multi-composition and hollow structured products were achieved in a controllable manner via only a one-pot synthesis, in which the nanorods with shielding layers were firstly obtained and then converted into nanotubes through further etching reaction. Benefiting from the combined nature of multiple-component hollow nanostructures, the electronic structure of the electrocatalyst is efficiently modulated, the electron transfer and ion diffusion pathways are effectively shortened and abundant active sites are created, which leads to excellent activity for urea oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions with the as-prepared a-MoS2/CoS/Co0.85Se HNTs being employed as the electrodes. As a result, the whole urea electrolysis cell exhibits a driven voltage of only 1.42 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2, surpassing most reported transition-metal-based electrocatalysts. Moreover, a battery-assisted urea electrolyzer was assembled as well to demonstrate the feasibility of practical less-energy-intensive H2 generation. The method developed in this work is expected to broaden the way of designing and synthesizing multiple-component hollow nanostructures for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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26
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Sun X, Ding R. Recent progress with electrocatalysts for urea electrolysis in alkaline media for energy-saving hydrogen production. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Urea electrolysis is a promising energy-saving avenue for hydrogen production owing to the low cell voltage, wastewater remediation and abundant electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University (XTU)
- Xiangtan
- P.R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University (XTU)
- Xiangtan
- P.R. China
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27
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Khalafallah D, Xiaoyu L, Zhi M, Hong Z. 3D Hierarchical NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays Decorated with Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Enhanced Urea Electrocatalysis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diab Khalafallah
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- Mechanical Design and Materials Department, Faculty of Energy EngineeringAswan University P.O. Box 81521 Aswan Egypt
| | - Li Xiaoyu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Mingjia Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhanglian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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28
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Chen J, Ci S, Wang G, Senthilkumar N, Zhang M, Xu Q, Wen Z. Ni(OH)
2
Nanosheet Electrocatalyst toward Alkaline Urea Electrolysis for Energy‐Saving Acidic Hydrogen Production. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Suqin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Genxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Nangan Senthilkumar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Qiuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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29
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Jia N, Liu Y, Wang L, Chen P, Chen X, An Z, Chen Y. 0.2 V Electrolysis Voltage-Driven Alkaline Hydrogen Production with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanobowl-Supported Ultrafine Rh Nanoparticles of 1.4 nm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35039-35049. [PMID: 31466444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly effective and low-cost electrocatalysts for energy-saving hydrogen production via water splitting is still a great challenge. Herein, porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanobowls (N-CBs) have been designed and used for the controlled growth of ultrafine rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles. With the aid of interfacial bonding of Rh and N, ultrafine Rh nanoparticles with an average size of 1.4 nm have been successfully immobilized on the N-CBs. This Rh/N-CB electrocatalyst shows superior activity and high stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). More importantly, the Rh/N-CBs exhibit high activity for hydrogen production from water electrolysis, marking with a cell voltage of 0.2 V to achieve a current density of 20 mA cm-2 when they serve as cathodic electrocatalysts for the HER and anodic electrocatalysts for the HzOR in 1 M KOH with 0.5 M hydrazine. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that a near-zero hydrogen adsorption free energy produced by the chemical bonding of Rh with the pyrrole-N doped in N-CBs is responsible for the excellent HER activity of Rh/N-CBs electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
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30
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Self-supported Ni(OH)2/MnO2 on CFP as a flexible anode towards electrocatalytic urea conversion: The role of composition on activity, redox states and reaction dynamics. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Wu F, Ou G, Wang Y, Zhong H, Zhang L, Li H, Shi Y. Defective NiFe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles for Efficient Urea Electro-oxidation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2796-2801. [PMID: 31283863 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urea is an important organic pollutants in sewage and needs to be removed for environmental protection. Here, we report defective NiFe2 O4 (NFO) nanoparticles with excellent performance for urea electro-oxidation. The results show that defects can be effectively implanted at the surface of NFO nanoparticles by a facile and versatile lithium reduction method without affecting its main crystal structure and grain size. The defective NFO-5Li nanoparticles displayed a significantly improved urea electro-oxidation performance compared with NFO-Pristine nanoparticles. Particularly, the NFO-Pristine and NFO-5Li show a potential of 1.398 and 1.361 V at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 37.3 and 31.4 mV dec-1 , respectively. In addition, the NFO-5Li nanoparticles also revealed outstanding electrocatalytic stability. The superior performance can be attributed to the designed tunable surface defect engineering. Furthermore, the defect engineering strategy as well as the defective NFO nanoparticles hold great potential for applications in other materials and areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchi Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gang Ou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haizhe Zhong
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Henan Li
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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32
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Nadeema A, Kashyap V, Gururaj R, Kurungot S. [MoS 4] 2--Intercalated NiCo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanospikes: An Efficiently Synergized Material for Urine To Direct H 2 Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25917-25927. [PMID: 31243949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Substituting the energy-uphill water oxidation half-cell with readily oxidizable urea-rich urine, a ground-breaking bridge is constructed, combining the energy-efficient hydrogen generation and environmental protection. Hence, designing a robust multifunctional electrocatalyst is desirable for widespread implementation of this waste to fuel technology. In this context, here, we report a simple tuning of the electrocatalytically favorable characteristics of NiCo-layered double hydroxide by introducing [MoS4]2- in its interlayer space. The [MoS4]2- insertion as well as its effect on the electronic structure tuning is thoroughly studied via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with electrochemical analysis. This insertion induces overall electronic structure tuning of the hydroxide layer in such a way that the designed catalyst exhibited favorable kinetics toward all the required reactions of hydrogen generation. This is why our homemade catalyst, when utilized both as a cathode and anode to fabricate a urea electrolyzer, required a mere ∼1.37 V cell potential to generate sufficient H2 by reaching the benchmark 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH/0.33 M urea along with long-lasting catalytic efficiency. Other indispensable reason of selecting [MoS4]2- is its high-valent nature making the catalyst highly selective and insensitive to common catalyst-poisoning toxins of urine. This is experimentally supported by performing the real urine electrolysis, where the nanospike-covered Ni foam-based catalyst showed a performance similar to that of synthetic urea, offering its industrial value. Other intuition of selecting [MoS4]2- was to provide a ligand-based mechanism for hydrogen evolution half-cell [hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)] to preclude the HER-competing oxygen reduction. Another crucial point of our work is its potential to avoid the mixing of two explosive product gases, that is, H2 and O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayasha Nadeema
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Varchaswal Kashyap
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Rakshitha Gururaj
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
- Christ University , Bengaluru 560029 , India
| | - Sreekumar Kurungot
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110001 , India
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33
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Xu Y, Zhang B. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Hydrogen Production from Water Assisted by Alternative Oxidation Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus School of ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus School of ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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