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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller M, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Architecture Controls Phonon Propagation in All-Solid Brush Colloid Metamaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304157. [PMID: 37972268 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering and elastodynamic theory are concurrently used to determine and interpret the hypersonic phonon dispersion relations in brush particle solids as a function of the grafting density with perspectives in optomechanics, heat management, and materials metrology. In the limit of sparse grafting density, the phonon dispersion relations bear similarity to polymer-embedded colloidal assembly structures in which phonon dispersion can be rationalized on the basis of perfect boundary conditions, i.e., isotropic stiffness transitions across the particle interface. In contrast, for dense brush assemblies, more complex dispersion characteristics are observed that imply anisotropic stiffness transition across the particle/polymer interface. This provides direct experimental validation of phonon propagation changes associated with chain conformational transitions in dense particle brush materials. A scaling relation between interface tangential stiffness and crowding of polymer tethers is derived that provides a guideline for chemists to design brush particle materials with tailored phononic dispersion characteristics. The results emphasize the role of interfaces in composite materials systems. Given the fundamental relevance of phonon dispersion to material properties such as thermal transport or mechanical properties, it is also envisioned that the results will spur the development of novel functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, Le Havre, F-76600, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, Le Havre, F-76600, France
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
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2
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Kai Y, Dhulipala S, Sun R, Lem J, DeLima W, Pezeril T, Portela CM. Dynamic diagnosis of metamaterials through laser-induced vibrational signatures. Nature 2023; 623:514-521. [PMID: 37968526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials at the microscale exhibit exotic static properties owing to their engineered building blocks1-4, but their dynamic properties have remained substantially less explored. Their design principles can target frequency-dependent properties5-7 and resilience under high-strain-rate deformation8,9, making them versatile materials for applications in lightweight impact resistance10-12, acoustic waveguiding7,13 or vibration damping14,15. However, accessing dynamic properties at small scales has remained a challenge owing to low-throughput and destructive characterization8,16,17 or lack of existing testing protocols. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput, non-contact framework that uses MHz-wave-propagation signatures within a metamaterial to non-destructively extract dynamic linear properties, omnidirectional elastic information, damping properties and defect quantification. Using rod-like tessellations of microscopic metamaterials, we report up to 94% direction-dependent and rate-dependent dynamic stiffening at strain rates approaching 102 s-1, as well as damping properties three times higher than their constituent materials. We also show that frequency shifts in the vibrational response allow for characterization of invisible defects within the metamaterials and that selective probing allows for the construction of experimental elastic surfaces, which were previously only possible computationally. Our work provides a route for accelerated data-driven discovery of materials and microdevices for dynamic applications such as protective structures, medical ultrasound or vibration isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Somayajulu Dhulipala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jet Lem
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Washington DeLima
- Kansas City National Security Campus, Department of Energy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Pezeril
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Carlos M Portela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Varghese J, Mohammadi R, Pochylski M, Babacic V, Gapinski J, Vogel N, Butt HJ, Fytas G, Graczykowski B. Size-dependent nanoscale soldering of polystyrene colloidal crystals by supercritical fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:314-322. [PMID: 36459936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polymer particles self-assembled into colloidal crystals have exciting applications in photonics, phononics, templates for nanolithography, and coatings. Cold soldering utilizing polymer plasticization by supercritical fluids enables a novel, low-cost, low-effort, chemical-free means for uniform mechanical strengthening of fragile polymer colloidal crystals at moderate temperatures. Here, we aim to elucidate the role of particle size and gas-specific response for the most efficient soldering, exploring the full potential of this method. EXPERIMENTS We investigate the elastic properties of polystyrene colloidal crystals made of nanoparticles with different diameters (143 to 830 nm) upon treatment with supercritical Ar and He at room temperature. By employing Brillouin light scattering, we quantify the effect of nanoparticle size on the strengthening of interparticle contacts, evaluating the permanent change in the effective elastic modulus upon cold soldering. FINDINGS The relative change in the effective elastic modulus reveals nonmonotonic dependence on the particle size with the most efficient soldering for mid-sized nanoparticles (about 610 nm diameter). We attribute this behavior to the crucial role of intrinsic fabrication impurities, which reduces the nanoparticles' free surface exposed to plasticization by supercritical fluids. Supercritical Ar, a good solvent for polystyrene, enabled effective soldering of nanoparticles, whereas high-pressure He treatment is entirely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeena Varghese
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Visnja Babacic
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapinski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Hans-Juergen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Magnabosco G, Still T, Vogel N, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Origin of the Acoustic Bandgaps in Hypersonic Colloidal Phononics: The Role of the Elastic Impedance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6575-6584. [PMID: 35997523 PMCID: PMC9442645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
How phonons propagate in nanostructures determines the
flow of
elastic and thermal energy in dielectric materials. However, a reliable
theoretical prediction of the phonon dispersion relation requires
experimental verification both near to and far from the Brillouin
zone of the nanostructure. We report on the experimental hypersonic
phonon dispersion of hard (SiO2) and soft (polymer) fcc
colloidal crystals infiltrated in liquid polydimethylsiloxane with
different elastic impedance contrast using Brillouin light spectroscopy.
We discuss the distinct differences with first-principles full elastodynamic
calculations involving a multiple-scattering theory. Interparticle
contacts strongly impact the long-wavelength speed of sound and the
nature of the particle vibration resonance-induced hybridization hypersonic
bandgap. The absence of the order-induced Bragg bandgap in SiO2 and its presence in soft opals cannot be fully accounted
for by the theory, limiting its predictive power. Bridging the elasticity
of the two colloidal crystals with suitable SiO2 core–shell
(polymer) particles reveals an unprecedented crossover behavior in
the dispersion relation. In view of many conversational parameters,
the control tuning of phonon propagation in soft matter-based hypersonic
phononics remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Still
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, N. Plastira 100, /0013, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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5
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Huang S, Colosqui CE, Young YN, Stone HA. The effects of surface hydration on capillary adhesion under nanoscale confinement. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4786-4791. [PMID: 35708007 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale phenomena such as surface hydration and the molecular layering of liquids under strong nanoscale confinement play a critical role in liquid-mediated surface adhesion that is not accounted for by available models, which assume a uniform liquid density with or without considering surface forces and associated disjoining pressure effects. This work introduces an alternative theoretical description that via the potential of mean force (PMF) considers the strong spatial variation of the liquid number density under nanoscale confinement. This alternative description based on the PMF predicts a dual effect of surface hydration by producing: (i) strong spatial oscillations of the local liquid density and pressure and, more importantly, (ii) a configuration-dependent liquid-solid surface energy under nanoscale confinement. Theoretical analysis and molecular dynamics simulations for the case of an axisymmetric water bridge with nanoscale heights show that the latter hydration effect is critical for the accurate prediction of the surface energy and adhesion forces when a small volume of liquid is nanoscopically confined by two surfaces approaching contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Huang
- Applied Mathematics & Statistics Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Carlos E Colosqui
- Applied Mathematics & Statistics Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Y-N Young
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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6
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Wang J, Schwenger J, Ströbel A, Feldner P, Herre P, Romeis S, Peukert W, Merle B, Vogel N. Mechanics of colloidal supraparticles under compression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0954. [PMID: 34644116 PMCID: PMC11095630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal supraparticles are finite, spherical assemblies of many primary particles. To take advantage of their emergent functionalities, such supraparticles must retain their structural integrity. Here, we investigate their size-dependent mechanical properties via nanoindentation. We find that the deformation resistance inversely scales with the primary particle diameter, while the work of deformation is dependent on the supraparticle diameter. We adopt the Griffith theory to such particulate systems to provide a predictive scaling to relate the fracture stress to the geometry of supraparticles. The interplay between primary particle material and cohesive interparticle forces dictates the mechanical properties of supraparticles. We find that enhanced stability, associated with ductile fracture, can be achieved if supraparticles are engineered to dissipate more energy via deformation of primary particles than breaking of interparticle bonds. Our work provides a coherent framework to analyze, predict, and design the mechanical properties of colloidal supraparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwenger
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströbel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Feldner
- Materials Science & Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Herre
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Romeis
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benoit Merle
- Materials Science & Engineering I and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Babacic V, Varghese J, Coy E, Kang E, Pochylski M, Gapinski J, Fytas G, Graczykowski B. Mechanical reinforcement of polymer colloidal crystals by supercritical fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:786-793. [PMID: 32673855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals realized by self-assembled polymer nanoparticles have prominent attraction as a platform for various applications from assembling photonic and phononic crystals, acoustic metamaterials to coating applications. However, the fragility of these systems limits their application horizon. In this work the uniform mechanical reinforcement and tunability of 3D polystyrene colloidal crystals by means of cold soldering are reported. This structural strengthening is achieved by high pressure gas (N2 or Ar) plasticization at temperatures well below the glass transition. Brillouin light scattering is employed to monitor in-situ the mechanical vibrations of the crystal and thereby determine preferential pressure, temperature and time ranges for soldering, i.e. formation of physical bonding among the nanoparticles while maintaining the shape and translational order. This low-cost method is potentially useful for fabrication and tuning of durable devices including applications in photonics, phononics, acoustic metamaterials, optomechanics, surface coatings and nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Babacic
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jeena Varghese
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Eunsoo Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Pochylski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapinski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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8
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Graczykowski B, Vogel N, Bley K, Butt HJ, Fytas G. Multiband Hypersound Filtering in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals: Adhesion, Resonances, and Periodicity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1883-1889. [PMID: 32017578 PMCID: PMC7068716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypersonic phonon propagation in large-area two-dimensional colloidal crystals is probed by spontaneous micro Brillouin light scattering. The dispersion relation of thermally populated Lamb waves reveals multiband filtering due to three distinct types of acoustic band gaps. We find Bragg gaps accompanied by two types of hybridization gaps in both sub- and superwavelength regimes resulting from contact-based resonances and nanoparticle eigenmodes, respectively. The operating GHz frequencies can be tuned by particle size and depend on the adhesion at the contact interfaces. The experimental dispersion relations are well represented by a finite element method model enabling identification of observed modes. The presented approach also allows for contactless study of the contact stiffness of submicrometer particles, which reveals size effect deviating from macroscopic predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Bley
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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