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Ye K, Carbonera D, Liao S, Zhang X, Chen X, Xiao X, Zhao J, Shanmugam M, Li M, Barbon A. Multiple Pathways in the Triplet States Population for a Naphthalenediimide-C 60 Dyad. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401084. [PMID: 38819870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The link of an antenna dye with an electron spin converter, in this case naphthalenediimide and C60, produces a system with a rich photophysics including the detection of more than one triplet state on the long timescale (tens of μs). Beside the use of optical spectroscopies in the ns and in the fs time scale, we used time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (TREPR) to study the system evolution following photoexcitation. TREPR keeps track of the formation path of the triplet states through specific spin polarization patterns observed in the spectra. The flexibility of the linker and solvent polarity play a role in favouring either electron transfer or energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35134, Padova, Italy
| | - Sheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35134, Padova, Italy
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2
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu SE, Wei Y, Zhang F, Chen L, Zhou X, Liu S. Efficient Red-to-Blue Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Using the C 70-Bodipy-Triphenylamine Triad as a Heavy-Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizer. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8476-8486. [PMID: 37606596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) with heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers has attracted extensive attention recently, however, the successful examples with absorption in red and first near-infrared (NIR-I, 650-900 nm) region are still insufficient. Herein, we conducted a new TTA-UC system of perylene using C70-bodipy-triphenylamine triad (C70-BDP-T) as the heavy-atom-free photosensitizer. Efficient red-to-blue (663 to 450 nm) TTA-UC was achieved in this system with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.88 eV and a quantum yield up to 5.2% (out of a 50% maximum) in deaerated toluene. Notably, this is the highest quantum yield to date in similar TTA-UC systems with heavy-atom-free organic photosensitizers. Using steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy, together with cyclic voltammogram and quantum chemical calculations, photophysical and photochemical mechanisms were elucidated. Specifically, two triplet triads, C70-3BDP*-T and 3C70*-BDP-T, were produced efficiently upon photoexcitation, with lifetimes of 2.0 ± 0.1 and 32.2 ± 0.3 μs, respectively. Electron transfer and recombination mechanisms were confirmed to play crucial roles in the formation of these triplets, instead of intersystem crossing. Our results shed light on the superiority of fullerenes in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - San-E Zhu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Dou L, Li Y, Dong L, Zhang S, Wu Y, Gong Y, Yang W, Lu H, Zhu S, Zhou X. Panchromatic Light-Absorbing [70]Fullerene-Perylene-BODIPY Triad with Cascade of Energy Transfer as an Efficient Singlet Oxygen Sensitizer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083534. [PMID: 37110773 PMCID: PMC10144093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A panchromatic light-absorbing [70]fullerene-perylene-BODIPY triad (C70-P-B) was synthesized and applied as a heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer for photooxidation. The photophysical processes were comprehensively investigated by the methods of steady-state spectroscopy, time-resolved spectroscopy, as well as theoretical calculations. C70-P-B shows a strong absorption ability from 300-620 nm. Efficient cascading intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer in C70-P-B was confirmed by the luminescence study. The backward triplet excited state energy transfer from C70 moiety to perylene then occurs to populate 3perylene*. Thus, the triplet excited states of C70-P-B are distributed on both C70 and perylene moiety with lifetimes of 23 ± 1 μs and 175 ± 17 μs, respectively. C70-P-B exhibits excellent photooxidation capacity, and its yield of singlet oxygen reaches 0.82. The photooxidation rate constant of C70-P-B is 3.70 times that of C70-Boc and 1.58 times that of MB, respectively. The results in this paper are useful for designing efficient heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers for practical application in photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Dou
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shuao Zhang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanqi Wu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Sane Zhu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Heavy Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizers: Molecular Structure Design, Photophysical Properties and Application in Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052170. [PMID: 36903415 PMCID: PMC10004235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the treatment of cancer, because of its advantages including a low toxicity, non-drug-resistant character, and targeting capability. From a photochemical aspect, a critical property of triplet photosensitizers (PSs) used for PDT reagents is the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency. Conventional PDT reagents are limited to porphyrin compounds. However, these compounds are difficult to prepare, purify, and derivatize. Thus, new molecular structure paradigms are desired to develop novel, efficient, and versatile PDT reagents, especially those contain no heavy atoms, such as Pt or I, etc. Unfortunately, the ISC ability of heavy atom-free organic compounds is usually elusive, and it is difficult to predict the ISC capability of these compounds and design novel heavy atom-free PDT reagents. Herein, from a photophysical perspective, we summarize the recent developments of heavy atom-free triplet PSs, including methods based on radical-enhanced ISC (REISC, facilitated by electron spin-spin interaction), twisted π-conjugation system-induced ISC, the use of fullerene C60 as an electron spin converter in antenna-C60 dyads, energetically matched S1/Tn states-enhanced ISC, etc. The application of these compounds in PDT is also briefly introduced. Most of the presented examples are the works of our research group.
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Lin CW, Huang S, Colangelo M, Chen C, Wong FNC, He Y, Berggren KK, Belcher AM. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Upconversion Fluorescence in Short-Wave Infrared for In Vivo Imaging of Ovarian Cancer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12930-12940. [PMID: 35849731 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-wave infrared (SWIR; 850-1700 nm) upconversion fluorescence enables "autofluorescence-free" imaging with minimal tissue scattering, yet it is rarely explored due to the lack of strongly emissive SWIR upconversion fluorophores. In this work, we apply SWIR upconversion fluorescence for in vivo imaging with exceptional image contrast. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are used to enhance the SWIR upconversion emission of small organic dyes, forming a AuNR-dye nanocomposite (NC). A maximal enhancement factor of ∼1320, contributed by both excitation and radiative decay rate enhancement, is achieved by varying the dye-to-AuNR ratio. In addition, the upconversion emission intensity of both free dyes and AuNR-dye NCs depends linearly on the excitation power, indicating that the upconversion emission mechanism remains unchanged upon enhancement, and it involves one-photon absorption. Moreover, the SWIR upconversion emission shows a significantly higher signal contrast than downconversion emission in the same emission window in a nonscattering medium. Finally, we apply the surface plasmon enhanced SWIR upconversion fluorescence for in vivo imaging of ovarian cancer, demonstrating high image contrast and low required dosage due to the suppressed autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Lin
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shengnan Huang
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marco Colangelo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changchen Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanpu He
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angela M Belcher
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Photochemical and photocytotoxic evaluation of new Oxovanadium (IV) complexes in photodynamic application. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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7
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The TDDFT Excitation Energies of the BODIPYs; The DFT and TDDFT Challenge Continues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061780. [PMID: 33810021 PMCID: PMC8005089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) are pivotal ingredients for a large number of functional, stimuli-responsive materials and therapeutic molecules based on their photophysical properties, and there is a urgent need to understand and predict their optical traits prior to investing a large amount of resources in preparing them. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) computations were performed to calculate the excitation energies of the lowest-energy singlet excited state of a large series of common BODIPY derivatives employing various functional aiming at the best possible combination providing the least deviations from the experimental values. Using the common "fudge" correction, a series of combinations was investigated, and a methodology is proposed offering equal or better performances than what is reported in the literature.
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Zhu SE, Zhang JH, Gong Y, Dou LF, Mao LH, Lu HD, Wei CX, Chen H, Wang XF, Yang W. Broadband Visible Light-Absorbing [70]Fullerene-BODIPY-Triphenylamine Triad: Synthesis and Application as Heavy Atom-Free Organic Triplet Photosensitizer for Photooxidation. Molecules 2021; 26:1243. [PMID: 33669144 PMCID: PMC7956457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A broadband visible light-absorbing [70]fullerene-BODIPY-triphenylamine triad (C70-B-T) has been synthesized and applied as a heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer for photooxidation. By attaching two triphenylmethyl amine units (TPAs) to the π-core of BODIPY via ethynyl linkers, the absorption range of the antenna is extended to 700 nm with a peak at 600 nm. Thus, the absorption spectrum of C70-B-T almost covers the entire UV-visible region (270-700 nm). The photophysical processes are investigated by means of steady-state and transient spectroscopies. Upon photoexcitation at 339 nm, an efficient energy transfer (ET) from TPA to BODIPY occurs both in C70-B-T and B-T, resulting in the appearance of the BODIPY emission at 664 nm. Direct or indirect (via ET) excitation of the BODIPY-part of C70-B-T is followed by photoinduced ET from the antenna to C70, thus the singlet excited state of C70 (1C70*) is populated. Subsequently, the triplet excited state of C70 (3C70*) is produced via the intrinsic intersystem crossing of C70. The photooxidation ability of C70-B-T was studied using 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN) as a chemical sensor. The photooxidation efficiency of C70-B-T is higher than that of the individual components of C70-1 and B-T, and even higher than that of methylene blue (MB). The photooxidation rate constant of C70-B-T is 1.47 and 1.51 times as that of C70-1 and MB, respectively. The results indicate that the C70-antenna systems can be used as another structure motif for a heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-E Zhu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Li-Feng Dou
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Li-Hua Mao
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hong-Dian Lu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Chun-Xiang Wei
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Xue-Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (J.-H.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.-F.D.); (L.-H.M.); (H.-D.L.); (C.-X.W.); (H.C.)
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9
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Two new Bodipy-carbazole derivatives as metal-free photosensitizers in photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Wei Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhou X, Liu S. Solvent effects on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion kinetics of perylene with a Bodipy-phenyl-C 60 photosensitizer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26372-26382. [PMID: 33179633 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effect usually plays an important role in triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion processes. In this work, we have studied the TTA upconversion kinetics of perylene with Bodipy-phenyl-C60 as the triplet photosensitizer in five solvents, 1,4-dioxane, dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Although no significant solvent effect was observed in steady-state absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, the overall TTA upconversion quantum yields showed a profound dependence on solvent properties, i.e. 4.9% in 1,4-dioxane, 7.1% in dichlorobenzene, 6.7% in chlorobenzene, 4.6% in toluene, and 2.2% in THF (the maximum of 50%). Each elementary reaction step involved in the overall process was analyzed by applying femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing that the fluorescence emission of perylene was more significantly affected by the solvents in contrast to the other steps. Moreover, an extra intramolecular energy-transfer pathway of Bodipy-phenyl-C60 was found via the formation of charge-separated states in dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and THF solvents, once being excited. These conclusions provide valuable clues to choose the most favorable solvent for the higher TTA upconversion efficiency in related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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11
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Zhu SE, Zhang J, Dou L, Li N, Hu K, Gao T, Lu H, Si J, Wang X, Yang W. Rigid axially symmetrical C 60-BODIPY triplet photosensitizers: effect of bridge length on singlet oxygen generation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two rigid axially symmetrical C60-BODIPY systems with different bridge lengths have been synthesized and the dyad with short bridge generates a higher quantum yield of singlet oxygen.
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12
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Agazzi ML, Almodovar VAS, Gsponer NS, Bertolotti S, Tomé AC, Durantini EN. Diketopyrrolopyrrole–fullerene C60 architectures as highly efficient heavy atom-free photosensitizers: synthesis, photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1449-1461. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New diketopyrrolopyrrole–C60 architectures were synthesized as potential heavy atom-free photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L. Agazzi
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | | | - Natalia S. Gsponer
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | - Sonia Bertolotti
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
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13
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Wei Y, Zheng M, Chen L, Zhou X, Liu S. Near-infrared to violet triplet-triplet annihilation fluorescence upconversion of Os(ii) complexes by strong spin-forbidden transition. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11763-11771. [PMID: 31298244 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three Os(ii) complexes were synthesized with ligands 2,2'-dipyridyl (dipy), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (phen), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (diphen), and applied as triplet photosensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) fluorescence upconversion. The strong spin-orbital coupling made direct spin-forbidden transition of S0-T1 feasible. Lifetimes of the lowest triplet state of these complexes were determined to be 107 ns, 373 ns, and 386 ns for Os-dipy, Os-phen, and Os-diphen, respectively, using nanosecond transient absorption spectra. From steady-state phosphorescence emission spectra, energies of the triplet states were derived to be 1.75 eV, 1.80 eV, and 1.74 eV for Os-dipy, Os-phen, and Os-diphen, respectively. Using these photosensitizers, strong upconverted fluorescence of the triplet acceptors, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), perylene, and 9,10-bis(phenethynyl) anthracene (BPEA), was observed in the visible to violet range. In particular, fluorescence emission with the largest anti-Stokes shift of 1.14 eV was observed for the Os-phen/DPA system, and the upconverted quantum yield was determined as 5.9% in deoxygenated dichloroethane. Additionally, upconversion was determined in air using mixtures of dichloroethane and DMSO solvents, and the maximal quantum yield was measured to be 4.5% for Os-phen/DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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