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Khan S, Sengupta S, Khan MA, Sk MP, Jana NC, Naskar S. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Copper Complexes of Bis-amide Ligands with N4 Donor: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1888-1897. [PMID: 38232755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The present work describes electrocatalytic water oxidation of three monomeric copper complexes [CuII(L1)] (1), [CuII(L2)(H2O)] (2), and [CuII(L3)] (3) with bis-amide tetradentate ligands: L1 = N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)dipicolinamide, L2 = N,N'-(4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(pyrazine-2-carboxamide), L3 = N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(pyrazine-2-carboxamide), for the production of molecular oxygen by the oxidation of water at pH 13.0. Ligands and all complexes have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD, analytical, and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic data show that the ligand coordinates to copper in a dianionic fashion through deprotonation of two -NH protons. Cyclic voltammetry study shows a reversible copper-centered redox couple with one ligand-based oxidation event. The electrocatalytic water oxidation occurs at an onset potential of 1.16 (overpotential, η ≈ 697 mV), 1.2 (η ≈ 737 mV), and 1.23 V (η ≈ 767 mV) for 1, 2, and 3 respectively. A systematic variation of the ligand scaffold has been found to display a profound effect on the rate of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. The results of the theoretical (density functional theory) studies show the stepwise ligand-centered oxidation process and the formation of the O-O bond during water oxidation passes through the water nucleophilic attack for all the copper complexes. At pH = 13, the turnover frequencies have been experimentally obtained as 88, 1462, and 10 s-1 (peak current measurements) for complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Production of oxygen gas during controlled potential electrolysis was detected by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahanwaj Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Md Adnan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Md Palashuddin Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Narayan Ch Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, NISER, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
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Santoro A, Cancelliere AM, Kamogawa K, Serroni S, Puntoriero F, Tamaki Y, Campagna S, Ishitani O. Photocatalyzed CO 2 reduction to CO by supramolecular photocatalysts made of Ru(II) photosensitizers and Re(I) catalytic subunits containing preformed CO 2TEOA adducts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11320. [PMID: 37443197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new supramolecular photocatalysts containing Ru(II) polypyridine units as light-harvesting photosensitizers and Re(I) polypyridine subunits as catalytic centers have been prepared. The new species, RuRe2A and Ru2ReA, contain catalytic Re(I) subunits coordinated by the preformed CO2TEOA adduct (known to be the effective catalytic subunits; TEOA is triethanolamine) and exhibit quite efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO, with outstanding TONs of 2368 and 2695 and a selectivity of 99.9% and 98.9%, respectively. Such photocatalytic properties are significantly improved with respect to those of previously studied RuRe2 and Ru2Re parent compounds, containing chloride ligands instead of the CO2TEOA adduct. Comparison between photocatalytic performance of the new species and their parent compounds allows to investigate the effect of the CO2TEOA insertion process as well as the eventual effect of the presence of chloride ions in solution on the photocatalytic processes. The improved photocatalytic properties of RuRe2A and Ru2ReA compared with their parent species are attributed to a combined effect of different distribution of the one-electron reduced form of the supramolecular photocatalysts on the Ru-subunit(s) (leading to decreased CO formation due to a poisoning ligand loss process) and on the Re-subunit(s) and to the presence of chloride ions in solution for RuRe2 and Ru2Re, which could interfere with the CO2TEOA adduct formation, a needed requisite for CO forming catalysis. These results strongly indicate the utility of preparing supramolecular photocatalysts containing preformed adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra M Cancelliere
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (Solar Chem, Messina Node), V. F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739 8526, Japan.
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3
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Condorelli M, Speciale A, Cimino F, Muscarà C, Fazio E, D’Urso L, Corsaro C, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Compagnini G, Neri F, Saija A. Nano-Hybrid Au@LCCs Systems Displaying Anti-Inflammatory Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:3701. [PMID: 35629727 PMCID: PMC9143445 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have received great attention owing to their biocompatible nature, environmental, and widespread biomedical applications. Au NPs are known as capable to regulate inflammatory responses in several tissues and organs; interestingly, lower toxicity in conjunction with anti-inflammatory effects was reported to occur with Au NPs treatment. Several variables drive this benefit-risk balance, including Au NPs physicochemical properties such as their morphology, surface chemistry, and charge. In our research we prepared hybrid Au@LCC nanocolloids by the Pulsed Laser Ablation, which emerged as a suitable chemically clean technique to produce ligand-free or functionalized nanomaterials, with tight control on their properties (product purity, crystal structure selectivity, particle size distribution). Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we have investigated the bioproperties of Au@LCCs. When tested in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α, Au@LCCs sample at the ratio of 2.6:1 showed a significantly reduced TNF gene expression and induced antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 gene expression better than the 1:1 dispersion. Although deeper investigations are needed, these findings indicate that the functionalization with LCCs allows a better interaction of Au NPs with targets involved in the cell redox status and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
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Kumar S, Singh S, Kumar A, Murthy K, Kumar Singh A. pH-Responsive luminescence sensing, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic applications of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers bearing imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline scaffolds. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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La Ganga G, Puntoriero F, Fazio E, Natali M, Nastasi F, Santoro A, Galletta M, Campagna S. Photoinduced Water Oxidation in Chitosan Nanostructures Containing Covalently Linked Ru II Chromophores and Encapsulated Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2021; 27:16904-16911. [PMID: 34418201 PMCID: PMC9291156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The luminophore Ru(bpy)2 (dcbpy)2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; dcbpy=4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) is covalently linked to a chitosan polymer; crosslinking by tripolyphosphate produced Ru-decorated chitosan fibers (NS-RuCh), with a 20 : 1 ratio between chitosan repeating units and RuII chromophores. The properties of the RuII compound are unperturbed by the chitosan structure, with NS-RuCh exhibiting the typical metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption and emission bands of RuII complexes. When crosslinks are made in the presence of IrO2 nanoparticles, such species are encapsulated within the nanofibers, thus generating the IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh system, in which both RuII photosensitizers and IrO2 water oxidation catalysts are within the nanofiber structures. NS-RuCh and IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh have been characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electronic microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, which indicated a 2 : 1 ratio between RuII chromophores and IrO2 species. Photochemical water oxidation has been investigated by using IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh as the chromophore/catalyst assembly and persulfate anions as the sacrificial species: photochemical water oxidation yields O2 with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.21, definitely higher than the Φ obtained with a similar solution containing separated Ru(bpy)3 2+ and IrO2 nanoparticles (0.05) or with respect to that obtained when using NS-RuCh and "free" IrO2 nanoparticles (0.10). A fast hole-scavenging process (rate constant, 7×104 s-1 ) involving the oxidized photosensitizer and the IrO2 catalyst within the IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh system is behind the improved photochemical quantum yield of IrO2 ⊂NS-RuCh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina La Ganga
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e InformaticheScienze Fisiche e Scienze della TerraUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheFarmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di Ferrara44121FerraraItaly
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità di Messina98166MessinaItaly
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Intermolecular Forces Driving Hexamethylenetetramine Co-Crystal Formation, a DFT and XRD Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195746. [PMID: 34641290 PMCID: PMC8510214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in co-crystals formation has been constantly growing since their discovery, almost a century ago. Such success is due to the ability to tune the physical-chemical properties of the components in solid state by avoiding a change in their molecular structure. The properties influenced by the co-crystals formation range from an improvement of mechanical features and chemical stability to different solubility. In the scientific research area, the pharmacological field is undoubtedly one of those in which an expansion of the co-crystal knowledge can offer wide benefits. In this work, we described the crystalline structure of hexamethylenetetramine co-crystallized with the isophthalic acid, and we compared it with another co-crystal, showing the same components but different stoichiometry. To give a wider overview on the nature of the interactions behind the observed crystal packing and to rationalize the reasons of its formation, a computational analysis on such structures was carried out.
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Weibull Modeling of Controlled Drug Release from Ag-PMA Nanosystems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172897. [PMID: 34502937 PMCID: PMC8434431 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional pharmacotherapy suffers from multiple drawbacks that hamper patient treatment such as antibiotic resistances or low drug selectivity and toxicity during systemic applications. Some functional hybrid nanomaterials are designed to handle the drug release process under remote-control. More attention has recently been paid to synthetic polyelectrolytes for their intrinsic properties which allow them to rearrange into compact structures, ideal to be used as drug carriers or probes influencing biochemical processes. The presence of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in the Poly methyl acrylate (PMA) matrix leads to an enhancement of drug release efficiency, even using a low-power laser whose wavelength is far from the Ag Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak. Further, compared to the colloids, the nanofiber-based drug delivery system has shown shorter response time and more precise control over the release rate. The efficiency and timing of involved drug release mechanisms has been estimated by the Weibull distribution function, whose parameters indicate that the release mechanism of nanofibers obeys Fick's first law while a non-Fickian character controlled by diffusion and relaxation of polymer chains occurs in the colloidal phase.
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Bella G, Santoro A, Nicolò F, Bruno G, Cordaro M. Do Secondary Electrostatic Interactions Influence Multiple Dihydrogen Bonds? AA-DD Array on an Amine-Borane Aza-Coronand: Theoretical Studies and Synthesis. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:593-605. [PMID: 33432782 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond plays a key role in a wide range of inorganic, organic, as well as biological systems. The understanding on how the chemical environment can affect this kind of interaction is crucial to predict its binding strength and consequently the robustness and the dynamic properties of many supramolecular systems. In this paper a new donor-acceptor complex was synthesized and characterized by SCXRD, showing for the first time in an organic system an AA-DD pattern of a particular hydrogen interaction, called dihydrogen bond. Over 250 functionals were computationally evaluated to select the best method to reproduce the binding interaction geometry of this new pattern. Moreover, a new vector force model was used to split the contribution of primary and secondary electrostatic interactions (SEIs), in order to evaluate how the latter one can modify the binding strength of this unusual hydrogen-hydrogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bella
- Department of chemical, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of chemical, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicolò
- Department of chemical, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of chemical, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Department of chemical, biological, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Vidal A, Adamo F, Iengo E, Alessio E. Models of molecular photocatalysts for water oxidation: Strategies for conjugating the Ru(bda) fragment (bda = 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate) to porphyrin photosensitizers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liao S, Liu J, Yan L, Liu Q, Chen G, Ma L. 2-Bromoanthraquinone as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the oxidation of sec-aromatic alcohols: experimental and DFT study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37014-37022. [PMID: 35521235 PMCID: PMC9057153 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are recognized as high efficiency photocatalysts which can perform various redox reactions in aqueous or organic phases. We have experimentally proven that 2-BrAQ can undergo hydrogen transfer with an alpha-aromatic alcohol under light conditions, thereby efficiently oxidizing the aromatic alcohol to the corresponding product. The yield of 1-phenethanol to acetophenone can reach more than 96%. In subsequent catalyst screening experiments, it was found that the electronegativity of the substituent at the 2 position of the anthraquinone ring and the acidity of the solvent affect the photocatalytic activity of anthraquinones. After using various aromatic alcohol substrates, 2-BrAQ showed good conversion and selectivity for most aromatic alcohols, but showed C-C bond cleavage and low selectivity with non-α-position aromatic alcohols. In order to explore the mechanism of the redox reaction of 2-BrAQ in acetonitrile solution, the corresponding free radical reaction pathway was proposed and verified by density functional theory (DFT). Focusing on calculations for 2-BrAQ during the reaction and the first-step hydrogen transfer reaction between the 2-BrAQ triplet molecule and the 1-phenylethanol molecule, we recognized the changes that occurred during the reaction and thus have a deeper understanding of the redox reaction of anthraquinone compounds in organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Liao
- Biomass Catalytic Conversion Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China +86-20-87057673 +86-20-87057673
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Biomass Catalytic Conversion Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China +86-20-87057673 +86-20-87057673
| | - Long Yan
- Biomass Catalytic Conversion Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China +86-20-87057673 +86-20-87057673
| | - Qiying Liu
- Biomass Catalytic Conversion Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China +86-20-87057673 +86-20-87057673
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Shantou 515063 Guangdong PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Biomass Catalytic Conversion Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China +86-20-87057673 +86-20-87057673
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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de Palo A, La Ganga G, Nastasi F, Guelfi M, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Marchetti F. Ru(ii) water oxidation catalysts with 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine and tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands: assembly of photo-active and catalytically active subunits in a dinuclear structure. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3341-3352. [PMID: 32103210 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04815d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two mononuclear Ru(ii) complexes, i.e. [RuCl(κ3N-terpy)(κ2N-dpp)]PF6 ([1]PF6; terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; dpp = 2,3-bis(2'-pyridyl-pyrazine) and [RuCl(κ3N-tpm)(κ2N-dpp)]Cl ([2]Cl; tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane), and one dinuclear complex, i.e. [Ru2Cl(κ3N-tpm)(μ-κ2N:κ2N-dpp)Ru(κ2N-bpy)2][PF6]3 ([3][PF6]3; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), have been synthesized and their water oxidation catalytic properties have been investigated. A combined DFT and experimental (35Cl NMR and conductivity measurements) study aimed to elucidate the nature of [1]+ and [2]+ in aqueous solution has also been performed, indicating that one water molecule is allowed to enter the first coordination sphere of [2]+ in the ground state, replacing one tpm nitrogen. Conversely, in the case of [1]+, water coordination, assumed to be needed for the water oxidation process, presumably occurs following the oxidation of the metal. For all complexes, a catalytic wave has been detected in acetonitrile/water 1 : 1 (v/v) solution in the range 1.4-1.7 V vs. SCE. In all cases, water oxidation (investigated at pH < 8) takes place initially via a proton-coupled two-electron, two-proton process with the formation of an Ru(iv)[double bond, length as m-dash]O moiety, followed by one electron oxidation and water nucleophilic attack. The TON and TOF values (within the range of 16-33 and 1.3-2.2 h-1, respectively) of the complexes are higher than those of the benchmark [Ru(LLL)(LL)(OH2)]2+-type species (LLL and LL are tridentate and bidentate polypyridine ligands, respectively), which is [Ru(terpy)(bpm)(OH2)]2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice de Palo
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Bella G, Santoro A, Cordaro M, Nicolò F, Bruno G. Isoxazolone Reactivity Explained by Computed Electronic Structure Analysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bella
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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Hennessey S, Farràs P, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A. A Bpp-based dinuclear ruthenium photocatalyst for visible light-driven oxidation reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01796h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of organic substrates in water using a diruthenium chromophore-catalyst dyad molecule can be tuned by the nature of the bridging ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Hennessey
- School of Chemistry
- Energy Research Centre
- Ryan Institute
- National University of Ireland
- H91 CF50 Galway
| | - Pau Farràs
- School of Chemistry
- Energy Research Centre
- Ryan Institute
- National University of Ireland
- H91 CF50 Galway
| | | | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Departament de Química
- Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona
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