1
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Haug I, Reitz J, Ziane C, Buchmeiser MR, Hansmann MM, Naumann S. Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins as Initiators for the Lewis Pair Polymerization of Epoxides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300716. [PMID: 38497903 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) have recently emerged as a novel class of highly nucleophilic and super-basic σ-donor compounds. Making use of these properties in synthetic polymer chemistry, it is shown that a combination of a specific mNHO and a Mg-based Lewis acid (magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide), Mg(HMDS)2) delivers poly(propylene oxide) in quantitative yields from the polymerization of the corresponding epoxide (0.1 mol% mNHO loading). The initiation mechanism involves monomer activation by the Lewis acid and direct ring-opening of the monomer by nucleophilic attack of the mNHO, forming a zwitterionic propagating species. Modulation of the mNHO properties is thereby a direct tool to impact initiation efficiency, revealing a sterically unencumbered triazole-derivative as particularly useful. The joint application of mNHOs together with borane-type Lewis acids is also outlined, resulting in high conversions and fast polymerization kinetics. Importantly, while molar mass distributions remain relatively broad, indicating faster propagation than initiation, the overall molar masses are significantly lower than found in the case of regular NHOs, underlining the increased nucleophilicity and ensuing improved initiation efficiency of mNHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Haug
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- TU Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Célia Ziane
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- TU Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Ahmad M, Grayson SM. Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38556789 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Rajendran NM, Lu Q, Bouffard J. A Facile Preparation of N-Heterocyclic Olefins: Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone and Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303358. [PMID: 38109087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and their mesoionic congeners (mNHOs) from N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-aziridinylimines is reported. The reaction provided diverse functionalized (m)NHOs and π-extended analogues. The prepared NHOs initiated the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, and insertion of aldehyde and nitrile into an NHO-B(C6 F5 )3 adduct was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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5
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Xia Y, Yuan P, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Hong M. Converting Non-strained γ-Valerolactone and Derivatives into Sustainable Polythioesters via Isomerization-driven Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Thionolactone Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217812. [PMID: 36757807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reports the efficient conversion of γ-valerolactone and its derivatives, abundant but unexplored renewable feedstocks, into sustainable and degradable polythioesters via the establishment of the first isomerization-driven ring-opening polymerizations (IROPs) of corresponding thionolactone intermediates. The key to this success relies on the development of a new simple and robust [Et3 O]+ [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- cationic initiator which possesses high activity, exclusive selectivity, living nature, and broad scope of thionolactones. A complete inversion of configuration during IROP of enantiopure γ-thionovalerolactone is also disclosed, affording isotactic semicrystalline polythioesters (Tm =87.0 °C) with mechanical property compared well to the representative commodity polyolefins. The formation of a highly crystalline supramolecular stereocomplex with enhanced thermal property (Tm =117.6 °C) has also been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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6
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Czysch C, Dinh T, Fröder Y, Bixenmann L, Komforth P, Balint A, Räder HJ, Naumann S, Nuhn L. Nontoxic N-Heterocyclic Olefin Catalyst Systems for Well-Defined Polymerization of Biocompatible Aliphatic Polycarbonates. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:371-379. [PMID: 36855582 PMCID: PMC9955374 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) are utilized as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of functional aliphatic carbonates. This emerging class of catalysts provides high reactivity and rapid conversion. Aiming for the polymerization of monomers with high side chain functionality, six-membered carbonates derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) served as model compounds. Tuning the reactivity of NHO from predominant side chain transesterification at room temperature toward ring-opening at lowered temperatures (-40 °C) enables controlled ROP. These refined conditions give narrowly distributed polymers of the hydrophobic carbonate 5-methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (MTC-OBn) (Đ < 1.30) at (pseudo)first-order kinetic polymerization progression. End group definition of these polymers demonstrated by mass spectrometry underlines the absence of side reactions. For the active ester monomer 5-methyl-5-pentafluorophenyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (MTC-PFP) with elevated side chain reactivity, a cocatalysis system consisting of NHO and the Lewis acid magnesium iodide is required to retune the reactivity from side chains toward controlled ROP. Excellent definition of the products (Đ < 1.30) and mass spectrometry data demonstrate the feasibility of this cocatalyst approach, since MTC-PFP has thus far only been polymerized successfully using acidic catalysts with moderate control. The broad feasibility of our findings was further demonstrated by the synthesis of block copolymers for bioapplications and their successful nanoparticular assembly. High tolerability of NHO in vitro with concentrations ranging up to 400 μM (equivalent to 0.056 mg/mL) further emphasize the suitability as a catalyst for the synthesis of bioapplicable materials. The polycarbonate block copolymer mPEG44-b-poly(MTC-OBn) enables physical entrapment of hydrophobic dyes in sub-20 nm micelles, whereas the active ester block copolymer mPEG44-b-poly(MTC-PFP) is postfunctionalizable by covalent dye attachment. Both block copolymers thereby serve as platforms for physical or covalent modification of nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Czysch
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thi Dinh
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yannick Fröder
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leon Bixenmann
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patric Komforth
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Balint
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany,
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7
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Cao X, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang Z. A γ-butyrolactone-derived poly(vinyl ester) with pendant groups recyclability and controlled release of poly(vinyl alcohol): Synthesis, recyclability, and physical properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Yan YT, Wu G, Chen SC, Wang YZ. Controlled synthesis and closed-loop chemical recycling of biodegradable copolymers with composition-dependent properties. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Yuan P, Sun Y, Xu X, Luo Y, Hong M. Towards high-performance sustainable polymers via isomerization-driven irreversible ring-opening polymerization of five-membered thionolactones. Nat Chem 2022; 14:294-303. [PMID: 34824460 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable polymers that possess useful material properties competitive with existing petroleum-derived polymers is a crucial goal but remains a formidable challenge for polymer science. Here we demonstrate that irreversible ring-opening polymerization (IROP) of biomass-derived five-membered thionolactones is an effective and robust strategy for the polymerization of non-strained five-membered rings-these polymerizations are commonly thermodynamically forbidden under ambient conditions, at industrially relevant temperatures of 80-100 °C. Computational studies reveal that the selective IROP of these thionolactones is thermodynamically driven by S/O isomerization during the ring-opening process. IROP of γ-thionobutyrolactone, a representative non-strained thionolactone, affords a sustainable polymer from renewable resources that possesses external-stimuli-triggered degradability. This poly(thiolactone) also exhibits high performance, with its key thermal and mechanical properties comparing well to those of commercial petroleum-based low-density polyethylene. This IROP strategy will enable conversion of five-membered lactones, generally unachievable by other polymerization methods, into sustainable polymers with a range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Fully Chemical Recyclable Poly(γ-butyrolactone)-based Copolymers with Tunable Structures and Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Pirouzi F, Eshghi H, Sabet-Sarvestani H. A theoretical approach to investigating the mechanism of action and efficiency of N-heterocyclic olefins as organic catalysts for transesterification reactions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, it is theoretically proved that carbonyl ester reactions with alcohols can be facilitated by activation of fully-planar NHOs via zwitterionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pirouzi
- Computational Chemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Computational Chemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Sabet-Sarvestani
- Computational Chemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Cai Z, Liu Y, Tao Y, Zhu JB. Recent Advances in Monomer Design for Recyclable Polymers. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bernat R, Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Biela T, Golba S, Kamińska E, Paluch M, Kamiński K. High pressure as a novel tool for the cationic ROP of γ-butyrolactone. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34806-34819. [PMID: 35494728 PMCID: PMC9042710 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the acid-catalyzed and high pressure assisted ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-butyrolactone (GBL). The use of a dually-catalyzed approach combining an external physical factor and internal catalyst (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) or p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA)) enforced ROP of GBL, which is considered as hardly polymerizable monomer still remaining a challenge for the modern polymer chemistry. The experiments performed at various thermodynamic conditions (T = 278–323 K and p = 700–1500 MPa) clearly showed that the high pressure supported polymerization process led to obtaining well-defined macromolecules of better parameters (Mn = 2200–9700 g mol−1; Đ = 1.05–1.46) than those previously reported. Furthermore, the parabolic-like dependence of both the molecular weight (MW) and the yield of obtained polymers on variation in temperature and pressure at either isobaric or isothermal conditions was also noticed, allowing the determination of optimal conditions for the polymerization process. However, most importantly, this strategy allowed to significantly reduce the reaction time (just 3 h at room temperature) and increase the yield of obtained polymers (up to 0.62 gPGBL/gGBL). Moreover, despite using a strongly acidic catalyst, synthesized polymers remained non-toxic and biocompatible, as proven by the cytotoxicity test we performed in further analysis. Additional investigation (including MALDI-TOF measurements) showed that the catalyst selection affected not only MW and yield but also the linear/cyclic form content in obtained macromolecules. These findings show the way to tune the properties of PGBL and obtain polymer suitable for application in the biomedical industry. Well-defined poly(γ-butyrolactone) was synthesized with great efficiency via high pressure assisted cationic ROP of hardly polimerizable γ-butyrolactone.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Bernat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland.,Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Paulina Maksym
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lódź Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A 41-500 Chorzów Poland .,Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzów Poland
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14
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Bernat R, Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Koperwas K, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Dzienia A, Biela T, Turczyn R, Orszulak L, Hachuła B, Paluch M, Kamiński K. The effect of high-pressure on organocatalyzed ROP of γ-butyrolactone. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Liu Y, Wu J, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities of Poly(γ-butyrolactone)-Based Recyclable Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:284-296. [PMID: 35570792 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and prosperous growth of synthetic polymers have presented both significant advantages and daunting challenges in the last century. To address the issues of environmental pollution and fossil consumption, recyclable, degradable, and/or biobased polymers have been given much attention in the polymer science community. This viewpoint focuses on the emerging fully chemical recyclable poly(γ-butyrolactone)-based polymers. The breakthrough from nonpolymerizable to efficient polymerization is highlighted by the benefits of the development of a series of catalysis for ring-opening polymerization of γ-butyrolactone. Subsequently, the design of γ-butyrolactone derivatives and synthesis of more recyclable polymers are summarized together with the discussions about the structure and property relationship. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities are suggested in order to provide insights into the further direction for sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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16
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Chen Y, Chen YJ, Qi Y, Zhu HJ, Huang X, Wang YR, Yang RX, Kan YH, Li SL, Lan YQ. Boosting Highly Ordered Porosity in Lanthanum Metal-Organic Frameworks for Ring-Opening Polymerization of γ-Butyrolactone. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Balint A, Naumann S. A comparison of zwitterionic and anionic mechanisms in the dual-catalytic polymerization of lactide. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two different polymerization mechanisms for lactide are selectivity addressed to illuminate the respective role of organobase and Lewis acid component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Balint
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Xu G, Lv C, Wang Q. Structure and activity relationship studies of N-heterocyclic olefin and thiourea/urea catalytic systems: application in ring-opening polymerization of lactones. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure–activity relationship studies of N-heterocyclic olefin and thiourea/urea catalytic systems were performed and applied to ROP of lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chengdong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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19
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Xu G, Yang R, Yan H, Hao XQ, Wang Q. N-heterocyclic olefins catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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21
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Wang Z, Niu QH, Xue XS, Ji P. The Brönsted Basicities of N-Heterocyclic Olefins in DMSO: An Effective Way to Evaluate the Stability of NHO-CO 2 Adducts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13204-13210. [PMID: 32900190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Brönsted basicity scale (∼24 pK units) for 85 commonly seen imidazole-, imidazoline-, triazole-, and thiazole-based N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) in DMSO was established using a well-examined computational model. The influence of substituents on the Brönsted basicities of these NHOs was investigated through basicity comparisons and rationalized by geometric analyses. The Gibbs energy (ΔGr) of the reaction between NHO and CO2 was also calculated, which linearly correlates with the basicity of the corresponding NHO, suggesting that the stability of NHO-CO2 adducts can be evaluated by the basicity of NHOs and a stronger basicity leads to a more stable NHO-CO2 adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qian-Hang Niu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China.,State Key Laboratory on Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengju Ji
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Gulia N, Pigulski B, Szafert S. Base‐Promoted Double Amination of 1‐Haloalkynes: Direct Synthesis of Ene‐1,1‐diamines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurbey Gulia
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot‐Curie 50‐383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot‐Curie 50‐383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot‐Curie 50‐383 Wrocław Poland
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23
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Fang G, Zhe W, Yanyun Z, Xiaowu W. Ionic (Co)Organocatalyst with (Thio)Urea Anion and Tetra‑
n
‑butyl Ammonium Cation for the Polymerization of γ‐Butyrolactone. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wang Zhe
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Zhu Yanyun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wang Xiaowu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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25
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26
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Urbánek T, Trousil J, Rak D, Gunár K, Konefał R, Šlouf M, Sedlák M, Šebestová Janoušková O, Hrubý M. γ-Butyrolactone Copolymerization with the Well-Documented Polymer Drug Carrier Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) to Fine-Tune Its Biorelevant Properties. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900408. [PMID: 32174005 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric drug carriers exhibit excellent properties that advance drug delivery systems. In particular, carriers based on poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) are very useful in pharmacokinetics. In addition to their proven biocompatibility, there are several requirements for the efficacy of the polymeric drug carriers after internalization, e.g., nanoparticle behavior, cellular uptake, the rate of degradation, and cellular localization. The introduction of γ-butyrolactone units into the hydrophobic block enables the tuning of the abovementioned properties over a wide range. In this study, a relatively high content of γ-butyrolactone units with a reasonable yield of ≈60% is achieved by anionic ring-opening copolymerization using 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene as a very efficient catalyst in the nonpolar environment of toluene with an incorporated γ-butyrolactone content of ≈30%. The content of γ-butyrolactone units can be easily modulated according to the feed ratio of the monomers. This method enables control over the rate of degradation so that when the content of γ-butyrolactone increases, the rate of degradation increases. These findings broaden the application possibilities of polyester-polyether-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Urbánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Dmytro Rak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Kristýna Gunár
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Olga Šebestová Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czechia
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27
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Markus F, Bruckner JR, Naumann S. Controlled Synthesis of “Reverse Pluronic”‐Type Block Copolyethers with High Molar Masses for the Preparation of Hydrogels with Improved Mechanical Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Markus
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johanna R. Bruckner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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28
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Qiu H, Shah MI, Bai T, Jiang L, Ling J. Zwitterionic copolymerization of γ-butyrolactone with 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane catalyzed by scandium triflates. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic copolymerization of γ-butyrolactone with 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane is catalyzed by scandium triflates generating random linear and cyclic copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Shah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Liming Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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29
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Liu X, Hong M. Transesterification by air/moisture-tolerant bifunctional organocatalyst to produce ‘nonstrained’ γ-butyrolactone-based aliphatic copolyesters: Turning a bane into a boon. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Thongkham S, Monot J, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Simple In-Based Dual Catalyst Enables Significant Progress in ε-Decalactone Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somprasong Thongkham
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Blanca Martin-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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31
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Naumann S. Synthesis, properties & applications of N-heterocyclic olefins in catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11658-11670. [PMID: 31517349 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), a recently (re-)discovered type of electron-rich, polar alkene, are comprehensively presented. Along with synthetic aspects and chemical properties, special emphasis is put on the multi-faceted impact NHOs already have had on catalysis. This is discussed along the lines of small molecule organocatalysis, organo- and metal-assisted polymerization and of the understanding and application of NHO-ligated organometallic complexes. Highlighted are the strong basicity of NHOs ("superbases"), their high nucleophilicity and the design principles to tailor NHO (organo-)catalysts. It is demonstrated that NHOs can complement, and in many cases out-perform, the much better established N-heterocyclic carbene-based systems. Examples include among others CO2-sequestration, the polymerization of lactones and epoxides or the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyls. Further, the unique ability to selectively address basic or nucleophilic reaction pathways via NHO-mediation is detailed, as is the bonding situation in NHO-metal complexes and the ability of the olefin to act as an electronically flexible ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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32
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33
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wang Q, Ge F, Wang X. Synthesis, Characterization of Pyridyl Heterocyclic Olefins (PHOs) and Activation of Heterocumulenes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Fang Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Shandong 266071 China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
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34
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Walther P, Krauß A, Naumann S. Lewis Pair Polymerization of Epoxides via Zwitterionic Species as a Route to High-Molar-Mass Polyethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10737-10741. [PMID: 31099454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dual catalytic setup based on N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2 ) was used to prepare poly(propylene oxide) with a molar mass (Mn ) >500 000 g mol-1 , in some cases even >106 g mol-1 , as determined by GPC/light scattering. This is achieved by combining the rapid polymerization characteristics of a zwitterionic, Lewis pair type mechanism with the efficient epoxide activation by the MgII species. Transfer-to-monomer, traditionally frustrating attempts at synthesizing polyethers with a high degree of polymerization, is practically removed as a limiting factor by this approach. NMR and MALDI-ToF MS experiments reveal key aspects of the proposed mechanism, whereby the polymerization is initiated via nucleophilic attack by the NHO on the activated monomer, generating a zwitterionic species. This strategy can also be extended to other epoxides, including functionalized monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walther
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annabelle Krauß
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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35
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Walther P, Krauß A, Naumann S. Darstellung von hochmolekularen Polyethern durch die zwitterionische Lewis‐Paar‐Polymerisation von Epoxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walther
- Institut für PolymerchemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Annabelle Krauß
- Institut für PolymerchemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institut für PolymerchemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
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36
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Liu X, Hong M, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Closed-Loop Polymer Upcycling by Installing Property-Enhancing Comonomer Sequences and Recyclability. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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37
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Schuldt R, Kästner J, Naumann S. Proton Affinities of N-Heterocyclic Olefins and Their Implications for Organocatalyst Design. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2209-2218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schuldt
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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38
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Altmann HJ, Clauss M, König S, Frick-Delaittre E, Koopmans C, Wolf A, Guertler C, Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Synthesis of Linear Poly(oxazolidin-2-one)s by Cooperative Catalysis Based on N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Simple Lewis Acids. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen J. Altmann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuel Clauss
- German Institutes
of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf, Körschtalstraße 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Simon König
- German Institutes
of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf, Körschtalstraße 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Aurel Wolf
- Covestro Germany
AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- German Institutes
of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf, Körschtalstraße 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
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39
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Zhou L, Xu G, Mahmood Q, Lv C, Wang X, Sun X, Guo K, Wang Q. N-Heterocyclic olefins and thioureas as an efficient cooperative catalyst system for ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qaiser Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chengdong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xitong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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40
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Moins S, Loyer P, Odent J, Coulembier O. Preparation of a mimetic and degradable poly(ethylene glycol) by a non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts (NEMO) via a one-pot two-step process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40013-40016. [PMID: 35541396 PMCID: PMC9076182 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09781c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented. The full process addresses the requirements imposed by green chemistry and involves the use of a single and nontoxic non-eutectic mixture of organocatalysts. The strategy relies on the polycondensation of PEG800 after its functionalization by bio-derived 5-membered γ-butyrolactone. A one-pot, two-step method for the preparation of degradable PEG is here presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Moins
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - P. Loyer
- Inserm
- INRA
- Univ Rennes
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - J. Odent
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - O. Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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41
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Shen Y, Zhao Z, Li Y, Liu S, Liu F, Li Z. A facile method to prepare high molecular weight bio-renewable poly(γ-butyrolactone) using a strong base/urea binary synergistic catalytic system. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01812j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biorenewable poly(γ-butyrolactone) with a high molecular weight was prepared with a base/urea binary synergistic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Fusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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Shen Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Zhao N, Liu F, Li Z. Preparation of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-butyrolactone) Diblock Copolymer via Ring Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by a Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base or Alkali Alkoxide. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:141-148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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43
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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