1
|
Mountaki SA, Whitfield R, Liarou E, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Open-Air Chemical Recycling: Fully Oxygen-Tolerant ATRP Depolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38958656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
While oxygen-tolerant strategies have been overwhelmingly developed for controlled radical polymerizations, the low radical concentrations typically required for high monomer recovery render oxygen-tolerant solution depolymerizations particularly challenging. Here, an open-air atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) depolymerization is presented, whereby a small amount of a volatile cosolvent is introduced as a means to thoroughly remove oxygen. Ultrafast depolymerization (i.e., 2 min) could efficiently proceed in an open vessel, allowing a very high monomer retrieval to be achieved (i.e., ∼91% depolymerization efficiency), on par with that of the fully deoxygenated analogue. Oxygen probe studies combined with detailed depolymerization kinetics revealed the importance of the low-boiling point cosolvent in removing oxygen prior to the reaction, thus facilitating effective open-air depolymerization. The versatility of the methodology was demonstrated by performing reactions with a range of different ligands and at high polymer loadings (1 M monomer repeat unit concentration) without significantly compromising the yield. This approach provides a fully oxygen-tolerant, facile, and efficient route to chemically recycle ATRP-synthesized polymers, enabling exciting new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Afroditi Mountaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Library Road, Coventry CV4 7SH, U.K
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taylor NG, Reis MH, Varner TP, Rapp JL, Sarabia A, Leibfarth FA. A dual initiator approach for oxygen tolerant RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2022; 13:4798-4808. [PMID: 37799166 PMCID: PMC10552776 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations are privileged approaches for the synthesis of functional and hybrid materials. A bottleneck for conducting these processes is the need to maintain oxygen free conditions. Herein we report a broadly applicable approach to "polymerize through" oxygen using the synergistic combination of two radical initiators having different rates of homolysis. The in situ monitoring of the concentrations of oxygen and monomer simultaneously provided insight into the function of the two initiators and enabled the identification of conditions to effectively remove dissolved oxygen and control polymerization under open-to-air conditions. By understanding how the surface area to volume ratio of reaction vessels influence open-to-air polymerizations, well-defined polymers were produced using acrylate, styrenic, and methacrylate monomers, which each represent an expansion of scope for the "polymerizing through" oxygen approach. Demonstration of this method in tubular reactors using continuous flow chemistry provided a more complete structure-reactivity understanding of how reaction headspace influences PTO RAFT polymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marcus H Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Travis P Varner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Johann L Rapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexis Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Bennett MR, Moloney C, Catrambone F, Turco F, Myers B, Kovacs K, Hill PJ, Alexander C, Rawson FJ, Gurnani P. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Initiated by Living Bacteria. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:954-960. [PMID: 35819106 PMCID: PMC9387098 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Living organisms can synthesize a wide range of macromolecules
from a small set of natural building blocks, yet there is potential
for even greater materials diversity by exploiting biochemical processes
to convert unnatural feedstocks into new abiotic polymers. Ultimately,
the synthesis of these polymers in situ might aid the coupling of
organisms with synthetic matrices, and the generation of biohybrids
or engineered living materials. The key step in biohybrid materials
preparation is to harness the relevant biological pathways to produce
synthetic polymers with predictable molar masses and defined architectures
under ambient conditions. Accordingly, we report an aqueous, oxygen-tolerant
RAFT polymerization platform based on a modified Fenton reaction,
which is initiated by Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34,
a bacterial species with iron-reducing capabilities. We show the synthesis
of a range of water-soluble polymers under normoxic conditions, with
control over the molar mass distribution, and also the production
of block copolymer nanoparticles via polymerization-induced self-assembly.
Finally, we highlight the benefits of using a bacterial initiation
system by recycling the cells for multiple polymerizations. Overall,
our method represents a highly versatile approach to producing well-defined
polymeric materials within a hybrid natural-synthetic polymerization
platform and in engineered living materials with properties beyond
those of biotic macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mechelle R Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Catrambone
- School of Life Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turco
- School of Pharmacy, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Myers
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Kovacs
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Hill
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson SW, Guimarães TR, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing RAFT PISA emulsion polymerization to synthesize high molecular weight hexablock multiblock copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (OUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reis M, Gusev F, Taylor NG, Chung SH, Verber MD, Lee YZ, Isayev O, Leibfarth FA. Machine-Learning-Guided Discovery of 19F MRI Agents Enabled by Automated Copolymer Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17677-17689. [PMID: 34637304 PMCID: PMC10833148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern polymer science suffers from the curse of multidimensionality. The large chemical space imposed by including combinations of monomers into a statistical copolymer overwhelms polymer synthesis and characterization technology and limits the ability to systematically study structure-property relationships. To tackle this challenge in the context of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, we pursued a computer-guided materials discovery approach that combines synergistic innovations in automated flow synthesis and machine learning (ML) method development. A software-controlled, continuous polymer synthesis platform was developed to enable iterative experimental-computational cycles that resulted in the synthesis of 397 unique copolymer compositions within a six-variable compositional space. The nonintuitive design criteria identified by ML, which were accomplished by exploring <0.9% of the overall compositional space, lead to the identification of >10 copolymer compositions that outperformed state-of-the-art materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Filipp Gusev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sang Hun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew D Verber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- Department of Chemistry, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock Copolymer Synthesis via Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Emulsion Polymerization: Effects of Chain Mobility within Particles on Control over Molecular Weight Distribution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K. K. Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10,l, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wyers D, Goris T, De Smet Y, Junkers T. Amino acid acrylamide mimics: creation of a consistent monomer library and characterization of their polymerization behaviour. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel consistent approach to mimic the structure of biopolymers via precision polymer synthesis with reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Wyers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Toon Goris
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yana De Smet
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gurnani P, Perrier S. Controlled radical polymerization in dispersed systems for biological applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Multiblock copolymers (MBCs) are an emerging class of synthetic polymers that exhibit different macromolecular architectures and behaviours to those of homopolymers or di/triblock copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parkinson S, Knox ST, Bourne RA, Warren NJ. Rapid production of block copolymer nano-objects via continuous-flow ultrafast RAFT dispersion polymerisation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow reactors are exploited for conducting ultrafast RAFT dispersion polymerisation for the preparation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parkinson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Stephen T. Knox
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gurnani P, Floyd T, Tanaka J, Stubbs C, Lester D, Sanchez-Cano C, Perrier S. PCR-RAFT: rapid high throughput oxygen tolerant RAFT polymer synthesis in a biology laboratory. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We performed high-throughput oxygen tolerant ultra-fast RAFT polymerisation producing complex polymer libraries utilising PCR thermocyclers. This now enables the preparation of these libraries in under 5 min without chemistry equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Floyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Daniel Lester
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rolland M, Whitfield R, Messmer D, Parkatzidis K, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Effect of Polymerization Components on Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1546-1551. [PMID: 35619380 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photo-ATRP has recently emerged as a powerful technique that allows for oxygen-tolerant polymerizations and the preparation of polymers with low dispersity and high end-group fidelity. However, the effect of various photo-ATRP components on oxygen consumption and polymerization remains elusive. Herein, we employ an in situ oxygen probe and UV-vis spectroscopy to elucidate the effects of ligand, initiator, monomer, and solvent on oxygen consumption. We found that the choice of photo-ATRP components significantly impacts the rate at which the oxygen is consumed and can subsequently affect both the polymerization time and the dispersity of the resulting polymer. Importantly, we discovered that using the inexpensive ligand TREN results in the fastest oxygen consumption and shortest polymerization time, even though no appreciable reduction of CuBr2 is observed. This work provides insight into oxygen consumption in photo-ATRP and serves as a guideline to the judicious selection of photo-ATRP components for the preparation of well-defined polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rolland
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu D, He J, Zhang L, Tan J. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Heterogenous Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization at Room Temperature. Recent Advances and Future Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1660-1669. [PMID: 35619385 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenous reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has become an important method for the preparation of a diverse set of well-defined polymer materials in dispersed systems. Conducting heterogeneous RDRP at room temperature seems to be a minor adjustment in polymerization technique but this will lead to a great opportunity for functional polymer synthesis, developing of interesting heterogeneous RDRP systems, and better mechanistic insights into heterogeneous RDRP. In this Viewpoint, we highlight some recent advances of room-temperature heterogeneous RDRP that are challenging to achieve via traditional thermally initiated heterogeneous RDRP. We hope that this Viewpoint can provide some inspiration for both experts in this field and new comers, as well as nonexperts who are interested in preparing their own polymer materials by conducting room-temperature heterogeneous RDRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Whitfield R, Truong NP, Messmer D, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity and shape of molecular weight distributions: methods and applications. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8724-8734. [PMID: 33552458 PMCID: PMC7844732 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The width and shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly affect the properties of polymeric materials and thus are key parameters to control. This mini-review aims to critically summarise recent approaches developed to tailor molecular weight distributions and highlights the strengths and limitations of each technique. Special emphasis will also be given to applications where tuning the molecular weight distribution has been used as a strategy to not only enhance polymer properties but also to increase the fundamental understanding behind complex mechanisms and phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials , Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zurich 8093 , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Judzewitsch PR, Zhao L, Wong EHH, Boyer C. High-Throughput Synthesis of Antimicrobial Copolymers and Rapid Evaluation of Their Bioactivity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Judzewitsch
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lily Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang T, Yeow J, Boyer C. A cocktail of vitamins for aqueous RAFT polymerization in an open-to-air microtiter plate. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly biocompatible photoinitiation strategy based on Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C. This two-component photoinitiator enables RAFT polymerization to be conducted in high throughput in an open-to-air microtiter plate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marathianos A, Liarou E, Anastasaki A, Whitfield R, Laurel M, Wemyss AM, Haddleton DM. Photo-induced copper-RDRP in continuous flow without external deoxygenation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00945k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced Cu-RDRP of acrylates in a continuous flow reactor without the need for deoxygenation or externally added reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | | - Matthew Laurel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Alan M. Wemyss
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick Library Road
- Coventry
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Knox ST, Parkinson S, Stone R, Warren NJ. Benchtop flow-NMR for rapid online monitoring of RAFT and free radical polymerisation in batch and continuous reactors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A “Benchtop” NMR spectrometer is used for detailed monitoring of controlled and free radical polymerisations performed in batch and continuous reactors both offline and in real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Knox
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- West Yorkshire
| | - Sam Parkinson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- West Yorkshire
| | - Raphael Stone
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- West Yorkshire
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- West Yorkshire
| |
Collapse
|