1
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Janata M, Čadová E, Johnson JW, Raus V. Diminishing the catalyst concentration in the Cu(0)‐
RDRP
and
ATRP
synthesis of well‐defined low‐molecular weight poly(glycidyl methacrylate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čadová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Jeffery W. Johnson
- Axalta Coating Systems Global Innovation Center Philadelphia PA 19112 USA
| | - Vladimír Raus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
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2
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A comparison of RAFT and ATRP methods for controlled radical polymerization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:859-869. [PMID: 37117386 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are the two most common controlled radical polymerization methods. Both methods afford functional polymers with a predefined length, composition, dispersity and end group. Further, RAFT and ATRP tame radicals by reversibly converting active polymeric radicals into dormant chains. However, the mechanisms by which the ATRP and RAFT methods control chain growth are distinct, so each method presents unique opportunities and challenges, depending on the desired application. This Perspective compares RAFT and ATRP by identifying their mechanistic strengths and weaknesses, and their latest synthetic applications.
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3
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Sincari V, Petrova SL, Konefał R, Hruby M, Jäger E. Microwave-assisted RAFT polymerization of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and its relevant copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Chytil P, Kostka L, Etrych T. HPMA Copolymer-Based Nanomedicines in Controlled Drug Delivery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:115. [PMID: 33578756 PMCID: PMC7916469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, numerous polymer materials have been employed as drug carrier systems in medicinal research, and their detailed properties have been thoroughly evaluated. Water-soluble polymer carriers play a significant role between these studied polymer systems as they are advantageously applied as carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs and compounds, e.g., cytostatic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial molecules, or multidrug resistance inhibitors. Covalent attachment of carried molecules using a biodegradable spacer is strongly preferred, as such design ensures the controlled release of the drug in the place of a desired pharmacological effect in a reasonable time-dependent manner. Importantly, the synthetic polymer biomaterials based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers are recognized drug carriers with unique properties that nominate them among the most serious nanomedicines candidates for human clinical trials. This review focuses on advances in the development of HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicines within the passive and active targeting into the place of desired pharmacological effect, tumors, inflammation or bacterial infection sites. Specifically, this review highlights the safety issues of HPMA polymer-based drug carriers concerning the structure of nanomedicines. The main impact consists of the improvement of targeting ability, especially concerning the enhanced and permeability retention (EPR) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.C.); (L.K.)
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5
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Lu H, Gao M, Song R, Ye L, Zhang A, Feng Z. Hydroxypropyl β‐Cyclodextrin Solubilizing Hydrophobic Initiator to Initiate Copper‐Mediated RDRP of NIPAM in Aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lu
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ronghao Song
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ai‐Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zeng‐Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun Beijing 100081 China
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6
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Raus V, Hološ A, Kronek J, Mosnáček J. Well-Defined Linear and Grafted Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline)s Prepared via Copper-Mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization Methods. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Raus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Hološ
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Laezza A, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Tuning aggregative versus non-aggregative lectin binding with glycosylated nanoparticles by the nature of the polymer ligand". J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:136-145. [PMID: 31778137 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions drive a diverse range of biological signaling and recognition processes. The display of glycans in multivalent format enables their intrinsically weak binding affinity to lectins to be overcome by the cluster glycoside effect, which results in a non-linear increase in binding affinity. As many lectins have multiple binding sites, upon interaction with glycosylated nanomaterials either aggregation or surface binding without aggregation can occur. Depending on the application area, either one of these responses are desirable (or undesirable) but methods to tune the aggregation state, independently from the overall extent/affinity of binding are currently missing. Herein, we use gold nanoparticles decorated with galactose-terminated polymer ligands, obtained by photo-initiated RAFT polymerization to ensure high end-group fidelity, to show the dramatic impact on agglutination behaviour due to the chemistry of the polymer linker. Poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA)-coated gold nanoparticles, a polymer widely used as a non-ionic stabilizer, showed preference for aggregation with lectins compared to poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA)-coated nanoparticles which retained colloidal stability, across a wide range of polymer lengths and particle core sizes. Using biolayer interferometry, it was observed that both coatings gave rise to similar binding affinity and hence provided conclusive evidence that aggregation rate alone cannot be used to measure affinity between nanoparticle systems with different stabilizing linkers. This is significant, as turbidimetry is widely used to demonstrate glycomaterial activity, although this work shows the most aggregating may not be the most avid, when comparing different polymer backbones/coating. Overall, our findings underline the potential of PHPMA as the coating of choice for applications where aggregation upon lectin binding would be problematic, such as in vivo imaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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8
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Alsubaie F, Liarou E, Nikolaou V, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Thermoresponsive viscosity of polyacrylamide block copolymers synthesised via aqueous Cu-RDRP. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Aksakal S, Beyer VP, Aksakal R, Becer CR. Copper mediated RDRP of thioacrylates and their combination with acrylates and acrylamides. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl thioacrylate was polymerised via Cu-RDRP and subjected to amidation to obtain the first “all-acrylic” copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Valentin P. Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
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