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Shahcheraghi SH, Alimardani M, Lotfi M, Lotfi M, Uversky VN, Guetchueng ST, Palakurthi SS, Charbe NB, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Aljabali AAA, Gadewar MM, Malik S, Goyal R, El-Tanani M, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Tambuwala MM. Advances in glioblastoma multiforme: Integrating therapy and pathology perspectives. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155285. [PMID: 38653089 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a highly lethal form of brain cancer, is characterized by its aggressive growth and resistance to conventional treatments, often resulting in limited survival. The response to therapy is notably influenced by various patient-specific genetic factors, underscoring the disease's complexity. Despite the utilization of diverse treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, many patients experience local relapse, emphasizing the critical need for improved therapeutic strategies to effectively target these formidable tumors. Recent years have witnessed a surge in interest in natural products derived from plants, particularly alkaloids, for their potential anticancer effects. Alkaloids have shown promise in cancer chemotherapy by selectively targeting crucial signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression and survival. Specifically, they modulate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, resulting in reduced tumor growth and altered gene expression across various cancer types. Additionally, alkaloids exhibit the capacity to induce cell cycle arrest, further impeding tumor proliferation in several malignancies. This review aims to delineate recent advances in understanding the pathology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to explore the potential therapeutic implications of alkaloids in managing this deadly disease. By segregating discussions on GBM pathology from those on alkaloid-based therapies, we provide a structured overview of the current challenges in GBM treatment and the promising opportunities presented by alkaloid-based interventions. Furthermore, we briefly discuss potential future directions in GBM research and therapy beyond alkaloids, including emerging treatment modalities or areas of investigation that hold promise for improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, our efforts offer hope for enhanced outcomes and improved quality of life for GBM patients through alkaloid-based therapies. By integrating insights from pathology and therapeutic perspectives, we underscore the significance of a comprehensive approach in addressing this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maliheh Alimardani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephanie Tamdem Guetchueng
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, PO Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sushesh Shrivastsa Palakurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School Of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manoj M Gadewar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of medical and allied sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
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Feng Z, Zhu S, Li W, Yao M, Song H, Wang RB. Current approaches and strategies to identify Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Renner J, Smith SR, Cowley JM, Louie J. Improved Total Synthesis of Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Alkaloids via Nickel-Catalyzed (4 + 2) Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8871-8883. [PMID: 35759553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed (4 + 2) cycloaddition of bicyclic 3-azetidinones and alkynes was developed to access indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. A key element was the development of a diazomethylation procedure that allows the efficient synthesis of bicyclic azetidinones from pyroglutamic and 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. A ligand screening led to improved regioselectivity and enantiopurity during the Ni-catalyzed (4 + 2) cycloaddition. This straightforward methodology was leveraged to synthesize (+)-ipalbidine, (+)-septicine, (+)-seco-antofine, and (+)-7-methoxy-julandine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Renner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Sleight R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Jacob M Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
| | - Janis Louie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-8450, United States
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Su G, Jiao S, Zhang R, Xu J, Liu C, Liu J, Tu P, Huang L, Chai X. A pair of enantiomeric dimers with an unprecedented skeleton from stem barks of Syringa pinnatifolia. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang RB, Ren XD, He J, Zhu SS, Xie HR, Su GZ, Ma SG, Yu SS. Burchellin and its stereoisomers: total synthesis, structural elucidation and antiviral activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9081-9087. [PMID: 33141138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Burchellin and its analogues are a class of neolignan natural products containing a rare core with three contiguous stereogenic centers. In previous reports, racemic burchellin was synthesized without accessing each of the enantiomers. In this paper, a concise and efficient total synthetic route to divergently access the enantiomers of burchellin and those of its 1'-epi-diastereoisomer over six steps for each is disclosed, where each of the enantiomers was obtained by preparative chiral phase HPLC purification. The key steps include the construction of a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran moiety by two Claisen rearrangements and a one-step rearrangement/cyclization and subsequent tandem ester hydrolysis/oxy-Cope rearrangement/methylation to furnish the basic skeleton of burchellin. The structures and absolute configurations of the four stereoisomers were determined using spectroscopic data analyses and comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. These stereoisomers were found to have potent antiviral effects against coxsackie virus B3, and is the first time that bioactivity has been reported for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hui-Ru Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guo-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Jia XH, Zhao HX, Du CL, Tang WZ, Wang XJ. Possible pharmaceutical applications can be developed from naturally occurring phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2020; 20:845-868. [PMID: 32994757 PMCID: PMC7517060 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-020-09723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (PIAs and PQAs) are two small groups of herbal metabolites sharing a similar pentacyclic structure with a highly oxygenated phenanthrene moiety fused with a saturated or an unsaturated N-heterocycle (indolizidine/quinolizidine moieties). Natural PIAs and PQAs only could be obtained from finite plant families (such as Asclepiadaceae, Lauraceae and Urticaceae families, etc.). Up to date, more than one hundred natural PIAs, while only nine natural PQAs had been described. PIA and PQA analogues have been applied to the development of potent anticancer agents all along because of their excellent cytotoxic activity. However, in the last two decades, other great biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities were revealed successively by different pharmacological assays. Especially because of their potent antiviral activity against coronavirus (TGEV, SARS CoV and MHV) and tobacco mosaic virus, PIA and PQA analogues have attracted much pharmaceutical attention again, some of them have been used to present interesting targets for total or semi synthesis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study for the development of antiviral agents. In this review, natural PIA and PQA analogues obtained in the last two decades with their herbal origins, key spectroscopic characteristics for structural identification, biological activity with possible SARs and application prospects were systematically summarized. We hope this paper can stimulate further investigations on PIA and PQA analogues as an important source for potential drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-hui Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-xin Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-lin Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-zhao Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-jing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062 People’s Republic of China
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Wang H, Li L, Ye J, Wang R, Wang R, Hu J, Wang Y, Dong W, Xia X, Yang Y, Gao Y, Gao L, Liu Y. Improving the Oral Bioavailability of an Anti-Glioma Prodrug CAT3 Using Novel Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Oleic Acid-CAT3 Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E126. [PMID: 32028734 PMCID: PMC7076672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
13a-(S)-3-pivaloyloxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro(9,10-b)-indolizidine (CAT3) is a novel oral anti-glioma pro-drug with a potent anti-tumor effect against temozolomide-resistant glioma in vivo. However, poor lipid solubility has limited the encapsulation efficacy during formulation development. Moreover, although the active metabolite of CAT3, 13a(S)-3-hydroxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro(9,10-b)-indolizidine (PF403), can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and approach the brain tissue with a 1000-fold higher anti-glioma activity than CAT3 in vitro, its bioavailability and Cmax were considerably low in plasma, limiting the anti-tumor efficacy. In this study, a novel oleic acid-CAT3 conjugate (OA-CAT3) was synthesized at the first time to increase the lipid solubility of CAT3. The OA-CAT3 loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (OA-CAT3-SLN) were constructed using an ultrasonic technique to enhance the bioavailability and Cmax of PF403 in plasma. Our results demonstrated that CAT3 was amorphous in the lipid core of OA-CAT3-SLN and the in vitro release was well controlled. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficacy and the zeta potential increased to 80.65 ± 6.79% and -26.7 ± 0.46 mV, respectively, compared to the normal CAT3 loaded SLN. As indicated by the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) quantitation, the monolayer cellular transepithelial transport rate of OA-CAT3-SLN improved by 2.42-fold relied on cholesterol compared to the CAT3 suspension. Hence, the in vitro cell viability of OA-CAT3-SLN in C6 glioma cells decreased to 29.77% ± 2.13% and 10.75% ± 3.12% at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Finally, compared to the CAT3 suspension, the in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats indicated that the plasma bioavailability and Cmax of PF403 as afforded by OA-CAT3-SLN increased by 1.7- and 5.5-fold, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that OA-CAT3-SLN could be an efficacious delivery system in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Renyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Wujun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Shimada K, Suzuki M, Yahaba K, Aoyagi S, Takikawa Y, Korenaga T. An Efficient Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidine Core via Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction of In Situ Generated α-Allenylchalcogenoketenes With Cyclic Imines. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19857489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mariko Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yahaba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Aoyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Li S, Zhao H, Yin Z, Deng S, Gao Y, Li Y, Dai T. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of New Phenanthrene-Based Tylophorine Derivatives. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181025115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new phenanthrene-based tylophorine derivatives (PBTs) were synthesized in
good yield and their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and ESI MS. In vitro antitumor
activity of these compounds against five human carcinoma cell lines, including HCT116 (colorectal),
BGC-823 (gastric), HepG-2 (hepatic), Hela (cervical) and H460 (lung) cells, was evaluated by
MTT assay. Among these PBTs, compound 6b showed the highest antitumor activities against
HCT116 and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.1 and 6.4 μM, respectively, which were comparable
to that of adriamycin hydrochloride. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was
also discussed based on the results of their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Zhifeng Yin
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Shuhua Deng
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
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